Factors Forming Green Building Criterias on Green Campus

H. T. Fachrudin

, K. A. Fachrudin

and W. Utami

Department of Architecture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Perpustakaan Street, Medan, Indonesia

Department of Management, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: Green Building, Green Campus, Building Criterias.

Abstract: Campus is an important and ideal place as a source of education that related with sustainable the campus is

an important and ideal place as a source of education that related to the sustainable environment. The

campus can be a role model in the sustainable concept application which is also known as a green concept.

The aim of this study is to analyze what factors should be applied to the building on green campus. Green

building criteria that used in the building are green-ship from Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI) and

previous research. Green building criterion in this research consists of twelve indicators which related to

building materials, interior design, and energy conservation. This research was conducted in Universitas

Sumatera Utara with population is the student with the sample size of 400 students. This research uses

quantitative method and analysis by factor analysis. The results show that there are four factors that forming

green building criteria on green campus, ie energy conservation, interior, indoor comfort, and material. The

campus will earn great benefits if applying the green concept and supported by the application of the green

concept in the building.

1 INTRODUCTION

Sustainability development should be provided for

development activities and being an umbrella on

human activities (Emanuel and Adams, 2011).

In the last two decades, the sustainability

concept in university or campus has been a main

concern (Yeh, 2006). University is known as an

important place for promoting sustainable concepts

and enhancing human capacity to address

environmental and development issues in order to

improve environmental and moral understanding,

values and attitudes, abilities and habits toward

sustainable development (United Nations, 1993) in

(Huyuan and Yang, 2012).

One form of embodiment of sustainable concept

is green concepts application on the building. Green

building is a building that implements energy

efficiency and conservation, conducts management

of the building environment, water conservation,

maintains indoor health and comfort, makes proper

building site and uses environmentally friendly

materials. The campus may realize green concepts

application on the building and its environment. This

is supported by (UIGreenmetric, 2015), regarding

the measurement for the green campus which refers

to three factors, namely environment, economy and

justice. Green campus application should refer to 3R

namely Reuse, Reduce and Recycle.

Campus can be a role model of green concept

application in both building and area. This study

focuses on the factors forming green concepts to

buildings within the green campus. The study

purpose is to determine what factors that should be

applied to the building on green campus.

2 GREEN CAMPUS

Sustainability development on campus with green

concept prioritizes on planning and campus

development. Based on (Abd-Razak, 2011), at

campus development planning should have three

aspects that considered, namely accessibility,

security and social agreement. Integrated

development planning influence three aspects of

sustainability such as social, economy and

environment.

Fachrudin, H., Fachrudin, K. and Utami, W.

Factors Forming Green Building Criterias on Green Campus.

DOI: 10.5220/0010074813651369

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

1365-1369

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

1365

The green campus is an international

environment program for campus or university that

focuses on environmental issues, innovation, and

research and apply it on daily campus management.

Green campus aims to realize awareness and

environmental action as intrinsic part of education

activities (Environmental Education, 2013).

The green campus has become a concern since

last two decades. Education became one of the

strategic places to promote the concept of

sustainability (Huyuan and Yang, 2012). Green

university means having sustainability regulations

implemented on university operational and

education procedures. The green university has

several aspects such as operational, management and

curriculum development (Yeh, 2006).

The green campus assessment conducted by

(UIGreenMetric, 2015) based on six indicators and

each indicator has different weighting. Currently, the

UIGreenMetric indicator is a reference in green

campus assessment in Indonesia. The six indicators

are structuring and infrastructure, energy and climate

change, waste management, water usage,

transportation and education.

2.1 Green Building

One of the parties that focuses on green building

issues is Green Building Council Indonesia (GBCI,

2016). GBCI have indicators that are used to assess

the application of green concepts in buildings and

issued certificate for buildings that have applied

green concepts consists of platinum, gold and bronze

awards. Certification is done on the new building,

existing building, interior room, home, and area.

Implementation of the green concept is not only

applied at home, office and commercial buildings

but also in the area such as commercial area, mixed-

use area, industry and residential area.

(Yeh, 2006) argue that green campus has several

categories which related to a physical item such as

buildings, landscape and waste, while the

nonphysical item is the curriculum. Operational,

management and green purchasing related to

investment on campus. Students and staff also

participate in the application of green concepts on

campus.

Based on (Brown, 2006), green building is a way

to reduce energy consumption on the environment.

There are six factors that cause green design on the

buildings important, namely environmental impacts,

materials, waste, energy, water and human health.

Materials consist of construction activities in new

construction, renovation, and destruction of

buildings have an impact on natural resources.

Energy-related to energy consumption for the use of

electrical energy and transportation. Human health

namely the quality of space that affecting the health

of its users such as pollution from furniture, carpets

and so on.

There are six indicators that used in the

assessment of green buildings according to (GBCI,

2016) namely: appropriate site development, energy

efficiency and conservation, water conservation,

material resources and cycle, indoor health and

comfort and building environment management.

From some indicators which considered by

(GBCI, 2016), there are the most important

indicators for green building assessment namely

energy efficiency and conservation. This indicator is

the most important of its assessment because it can

provide benefits on cost reduction for energy supply

in buildings. In addition, the problem of indoor

comfort and health and the use of materials is also

assessed on green buildings. Meanwhile, the

measurement of green areas, the most important

indicator is the movement and connectivity

(movement and connectivity). This is because in a

region of the most important part is the connectivity

of roads, pedestrian, and transportation systems

associated with the movement of its inhabitants.

According to (Yeh, 2006), there are several

categories related to the sustainable university which

become a guidance in compiling Green University

Evaluation Index System (GUEIS), namely: Green

building and landscape planning, ie building based

on green building standards such as LEED and plan

a landscape that provides a more friendly campus

space.

According to (Tamiami, 2018), green design

concepts which applied on the campus can improve

student’s quality of life as users. Based on the result

research on three campuses in Medan City, it is

found that some indicators applied to the building

can provide comfort for its users. These indicators

are good natural lighting in classrooms, suitable

ventilation, unpolluted air, and campus have a lot of

plants. Students argue that buildings that have

applied the green concept can improve their quality

of life. Students feel they have a nice interaction

with their colleagues and lecturers and have an

optimistic feeling in their life.

According to research by (Fachrudin, 2016), that

green campuses should have many plants in its

landscape, free from air pollution, have clean water

and have campus buses. The campus is designed

with the green concept to maintain comfort to its

users so that they will have better quality of life.

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According to (Emanuel and Adams, 2011), one

of the sustainable campus criteria is ecology and one

of the indicators is green building. On a sustainable

campus should use green building guidelines on

existing buildings and new buildings.

Green building which being research focus

consists of twelve indicators, namely: the using of

LED lamp in classroom, natural lighting in building,

natural air in building, the using of environmentally

friendly material, the using of eco-friendly paint,

building orientation, the use of double-glazed panel

glass window, the use of sensor faucet, the use of

solar panels for energy conservation, the use of

energy-saving lights in the corridor, window’s

design in building and waste separating

management.

2.2 Methodology

This research is quantitative research with data

collection technique is questionnaire distribution.

The population in this study are undergraduate

students from Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU)

from fifteen faculties, namely Faculty of Medicine,

Faculty of Law, Faculty of Agriculture, Faculty of

Engineering, Faculty of Economics, Faculty of

Dentistry, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Faculty of

Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Faculty Social

and Political Sciences, Faculty of Public Health,

Faculty of Nursing, Faculty of Psychology, Faculty

of Computer Science and Information Technology,

Faculty of Pharmacy and Faculty of Forestry.

The target population in this study are

undergraduate students enrolled from 2014 to 2017

as much as 25.127 students. The selection of

students is because they are considered to have been

on USU campus for more than one year so they can

feel and assess the condition and design of USU

campus. The sample size iscalculated by using

Slovin formula with confident level 5% as much as

400 students.

The questions in questionnaire form using

Likert scale interval 1 to 5 (very not important to

very important). The variables in this study is a

green building consisting of twelve indicators. The

analysis used is an analysis factor to classify the

indicators included in the green building.

3 ANALYSIS

The analysis was carried out on twelve indicators

that were part of the green building variable by using

factor analysis. The result of factor analysis shows

that KMO and Bartlett's Test value for correlation

between variables obtained is 0.810 which means

greater than 0.5 (Table 1). The significance resulting

from Bartlett's Test of Sphericity is 0.000 (Santoso,

2006).

Table 1.KMO and Bartlett's Test For Green

Building

Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling

Adequacy.

,810

Bartlett's Test of

Sphericity

Approx. Chi-Square

136

3,806

Sig.

,000

The result is (Table 2), the factor is able to

explain the variable of LED lamp equal to 0,512 or

51,20%, natural lighting is explained equal to 0,687

or 68,70%, natural air is explained equally to 0,576

or 57,60%, environmentally friendly material is

explained equally to 0,694 or 69,40%, eco-friendly

paint is explained equal to 0,679 or 67,90%, building

orientation equal to 0,563 or 56,30%, the use of

double glazed panel glass window is 0,607 or

60,7%, the use of sensor faucet is equal to 0,641 or

64,10%, solar panel is equal to 0,504 or 50,4%,

energy saving lamp in corridor is equal to 0,657 or

65,7%, window design explained by 0,652 or 65,2%

and waste management explained by 0, 573 or

57,30%. Because the explanation for all of variables

are above 50%, so the fixed factor can be

determined.

Table 2. Communalities For Green Building

Initial

Extraction

LED lamp

1,00

,512

Natural lighting

1,000

,687

Natural air

1,00

,576

Factors Forming Green Building Criterias on Green Campus

1367

Env. Friendly material

1,00

,694

Eco-Friendly paint

1,00

,679

Building orientation

1,00

,563

Double glazed panel

glass

1,00

,607

Sensor faucet

1,00

,641

Solar panel

1,00

,504

Energy saving lamp in

corridor

1,00

,657

Window’s design

1,00

,652

Waste management

1,00

,573

Extraction Method: Principal Component

Analysis.

Table 3. Rotated Component Matrix

Component

LED lamp

,025

-,133

,330

,620

Natural

lighting

,229

,073

,793

,017

Natural air

-,231

,286

,657

,098

Env.

Friendly

material

,270

,768

,178

-,002

Eco-Friendly

paint

,319

,753

,099

-,027

Building

orientation

,096

,718

,107

,164

Double

glazed panel

glass

,140

,481

-,061

,594

Sensor

faucet

,135

,102

-,056

,781

Solar panel

,651

,130

-,131

,214

Energy

saving lamp

in corridor

,805

,080

-,008

,049

Window’s

design

,742

,315

,015

,048

Waste

management

,609

,161

,416

,047

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser

Normalization.

a. Rotation converged in 8 iterations.

Determination of input variables to a particular

factor follows the large of correlation between

variables with factors, ie to the large correlation

(Table 3). Thus, there are four factors with several

indicators. Factor 1 contains the variables related to

energy conservation such as electrical energy

conservation and waste that is the use of solar

panels, energy saving lamps on the corridor, window

design and waste management.

Factor 2 consists of several variables related to

the interior of the building ie the use of

environmentally friendly materials, the use of eco-

friendly paint and building orientation.

Factor 3 contains the variables related to the

comfort of indoor space there are Natural Lighting

and Natural air.

Then, Factor 4 contains variables related to the

material used in the building, ie the use of LED lamp

in the classroom, Double glazed panel glass window

and the use of sensor faucet.

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Factors which formed in this research are: Factor

1 is called as energy conservation, factor 2 is

referred to as interior, Factor 3 is referred to as

indoor comfort and Factor 4 is called as material.

Some of these factors are in accordance with the

criteria set by GBCI (2016), Brown (2006) and Yeh

(2006), ie energy conservation, materials, and indoor

comfort.

Factor 1 has a correlation of 0.683, Factor 2 has

a correlation of 0.631, factor 3 has a correlation of

0.669 and factor 4 has a correlation of 0.929 that is>

0.5 which means has a strong enough correlation.

Thus Factor 1, Factor 2, Factor 3 and Factor 4 can be

said precisely to summarize the 12 independent

variables (Table 4).

Table 4. Component Transformation Matrix for

Green Building

Component

,683

,631

,266

,255

-,631

,295

,669

,261

-,036

-,208

-,305

,929

,367

-,687

,624

,065

Extraction Method: Principal Component Analysis.

Rotation Method: Varimax with Kaiser

Normalization.

4 CONCLUSIONS

There are four factors that forming green criteria on

buildings that are inside a green campus. The four

factors are energy conservation, interior, indoor

comfort, and material. In a building, indoor

conditions and material are important and also the

energy conservation issues in buildings and related

to green building criteria. These four factors relate to

the exterior and interior design of the building. For

exterior design associated with energy conservation,

while the interior design is related to the interior of

the room, comfort of space and materials.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research is funded by Competitive Grant Fund

from The Indonesian Directorate Research and

Community Service Directorate General Strengthens

Research and Development, Ministry of Research,

Technology and Higher Education, in accordance

with the research funding agreement and community

service in the 2018 budget year.

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