Types of Assertive Illocutions: In the Dawah of Dai in the City of

Medan

Zulfan

, T. Silvana Sinar

, Eddy Setia

and Mulyadi

Departement of Linguistic, Faculty of Cultural Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: Types, Illocution, Dawah, Dai, Medan

Abstract: Language plays a critical role in Islamic preaching (dawah). The language used by a dai (a person who gives

dawah) in his preaching comprises a range of illocutionary acts which convey different meanings and is

designed to produce an effect and impact onto his jamaah (congregants). Until today, there has been no

research conducted to describe the types of illocutions of a dai when he preaches. Particularly, the type of

assertive illocutionary act. According to that finding, the present study attempts to propose the types and

subtypes of assertive illocutions of dai when he preaches. The method of this research is descriptive

qualitative. The data of this research are dai speeches in the forms of words, phrases and sentences when he

is preaching in the City of Medan. The data were collected using observation method supported by notetaking

technique. The collected data were then analyzed using contextual analysis method and identity method with

paraphrase technique. The results of the study highlight that the type of assertive illocutions of the dai is based

on his belief in the truth of Quran proposition, hadith and ijma’ or agreed opinions amongst the ulama (Islamic

scholars) and the opinion of the dai himself. The types will then have different meanings, among others the

sub-type of explaining, sub-type of predicting, sub-type of asserting, sub-type of proving, sub-type of

suspecting, sub-type of approving, sub-type of concluding, sub-type of denying, and sub-type of telling and

sub-type of establishing.

1 INTRODUCTION

Language plays a critical role in religious speeches,

especially in the Islamic preaching (Suhandang,

2013). In the practice of dawah, language potentially

plays persuasive function (Panggabean, 1981). This

persuasive function is related to the dai’s effort in

influencing listeners’ attitude through the language

being used.

The language used by a dai has various meanings

and objectives depending on the usage context.

Occasionally, when giving dawah, a dai uses words

with the intentions to ban, to command, to advise, to

state, to express gratitude, to pray, to assert, to warn,

to suggest, to explain, to presume, to predict, to agree,

to allow and to threaten. Referring to this

understanding, then a language used by a dai in giving

dawah can be classified as the use of a series of

various types of speech act which has the certain

meanings, functions and objectives and is designed to

bring some effects, influences, or causes to its

listeners. But the reality is that it is rarely for a dai to

express his intentions openly using performative

verbs.

Therefore, there needs to be an in depth analysis

and interpretation in order to investigate the meanings

of what the dai is trying to convey when giving

dawah. Especially the meanings of the dai assertive

illocutions, since on this illocution, a dai is tied to the

truth of the proposition conveyed. Such an

understanding implies that every assertive illocutions

meaning of a dai has a truth that can be assessed. In

other words, that each assertive speech acts a dai

adjusts the words with the world (faith) (Searle,

1979).

As the core of the study of speech act, Searle

develops and classifies speech act into five types,

namely, 1. Assertives: a speech act involves the

speaker on the truth of the proposition expressed.2

Directives: a speech act meant for the listener to

perform an action. 3 Commissives: a speech act that

binds the speaker to an action that will be done in the

future. 4 Expressive: a speech act that expresses a

psychological attitude of the speaker towards certain

condition. 5 Declarations: the illocution when the

1352

Zulfan, ., Sinar, T., Setia, E. and Mulyadi, .

Types of Assertive Illocutions in the Dawah of Dai in the City of Medan.

DOI: 10.5220/0010074413521359

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

1352-1359

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

performance is successful will result in a good

correspondence between proportional contents and

reality.

The proposed classification is based on three main

principles, namely, (1) illocutionary point or an

illocutionary act uttered by a speaker, (2) words

adjusted with the reality of the world (word to world

direction of fit), (3) psychological states/sincerity

condition.

Table 1. Searle's Classification of Speech Acts (adapted

from Yule, 1996)

Speech act Direction of fit S = Speaker

type X = Situation

Assertives make words fit S believes X

the world

Commissivesmake the world S intends X

fit words

Directives make the world S wants X

fit words

Declarations word changes the S causes X

world

Expressives make words fit S feels X

the world

Searle has also proposed the idea that the

realization of the speech act use is influenced by four

conditions, including (1) propositional contents

condition (2) preparatory condition, (3) sincerity

condition, and (4) essential condition (Searle, 1969).

According to Searle, each of these conditions can

distinguish the meanings of every speech act.

With regard to present study, there are some

researches that have previously investigated the use

of speech acts within Islamic preaching. For example,

a research conducted by Maufur that discusses the

speech acts of Buya Yahya when teaching at Al-

Bahjah Islamic School Cirebon (Maufur, 2013). His

study has not described clearly and specifically the

realization of speech acts. Especially the type and

meaning of speaker illocution. Damayanti, in her

research, mentions that in giving dawah, a kiai is

more dominant in using assertive speech acts.

However, she did particularly not touch on the types

and meanings of assertive illocutions of the dai under

her study (Damayanti, 2014).

Rahayuningsih, Mujiman & Anita in thier

research results concluded that the speech acts of a

dai contains the relationship between human and God

and the relationship amongst human beings.

Nevertheless, in her research, she did not explain the

type of assertive illocutions of the dai as her subject

of study. Likewise, the results of the research

conducted by Salafah (2013) has not mentioned the

type of illocutionary meanings of a dai when giving

dawah . Her research results only mention the

classification and functions of dai speech without

describing the types of the illocutionary acts.

Based on the explanation of above research

results, this research therefore seeks to discover the

types and sub-types of assertive illocutions meanings

of dai when giving dawah. This research needs to be

conducted in order to discover the meanings of

assertive illocutions of a dai precisely. Hence, an

error and an interpretation ambiguity will not occur

as a result of dai speech acts. Not to mention, the

Ministry of Religious Affairs of the Republic of

Indonesia has released a list of two hundred Muslim

preachers recommended based on the criteria of

qualified religious scholarly competence, good

reputation, and high nationality committment. It

indicates that all the while, Indonesian government

has supervised and evaluated each of dai’s speech act

when giving dawah, including the truth of the dawah

message conveyed. Based on the results of the

supervision, the government recommended two

hundred names out of thousands of dai in Indonesia

to the Moslem community in Indonesia.

2 METHOD

The method of this research is descriptive qualitative.

This research method aims to describe, summarize

various conditions, situations, or various social reality

phenomenon. This research also seeks to bring the

reality into the surface as a feature, character, attitude,

model, sign, or description about the condition of the

situation, or specific phenomenon (Bungin, 2007).

The data of this research are dai’s speeches in the

forms of words, phrases and sentences when giving

dawah to people in the City of Medan. These data are

the primary data as they are directly taken from the

source. The data came from interviewees, namely dai

who gave da'wah based on the context of Islamic

preaching today, such as monotheism, fiqh,

interpretation and contemporary Islamic studies.

The data were collected using observation method

suplemented by notetaking technique (Sudaryanto,

2015). An observation method is used to observe the

language used by a dai in giving dawah which is

further written down by transcribing it in written

form. The data that have been collected were then

analyzed using contextual analysis method (Rahardi,

2009). Contextual analysis is an analysis technique

applied on linguistic data by basing and relating a

context.

Types of Assertive Illocutions in the Dawah of Dai in the City of Medan

1353

The context mentioned here is the environment

where the language is spoken. Such linguistic

environment can be in the forms of physical

environment and non physical environment. In other

words, context can be understood as the background

of knowledge shared by the speaker and listener,

making the listener understand what the listener

wants to convey (Leech, 1983).

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

According to the objectives of the study, this section

will present results and discussions of the research

encompassing two things, namely: 1) type of

assertive illocutions, and 2) sub-type of assertive

illocutions meaning of dai when giving dawah in the

City of Medan.

3.1 Result

Based on the results of the application of the research

method described above, the following assertive

speech acts were found.

Table 2. Assertive Illocution in the Dawah of Dai in the City

of Medan.

Speech Acts

Classification

Illocutionary

Acts

1 What is meant by

someone

with small

impurity is the

person

whose

wudhu

(ablution)

invalidated,

someone

with no

wudhu.

(IRHAS.11.F-

15/04/2017)

Assertive

Explaining

nd challenges

aced by ou

hildren,

randchildren in

The

uture will be a

ore challenging

han ours now.

(

ZMKS.141.TF-

28/11/2017)

Assertive

Predicting

3 Tauhid cannot be

divided - Allah as

Rab, Allah as Ilah,

believe in one Go

Assertive Asserting

and to

elieve i

another God is not

supposed to be done

by Moslems.

(FZN13T-2042017)

4 As we all can see,

today, Islam is

divided and

splitinto several

sects, which is

against the teaching

of the Prophe

Muhammad, where

at his time, Islam is

only one[…].

(RAW.91.U-

08/07/2017)

Assertive

Proving

5 Perhaps some parts

or all parts have

been discussed by

myself, ustadz

Hafiz or other

preachers […]

(RAW.09.F-

01/04/2017)

Assertive

Suspecting

[

…] Finally, it was

rought and making

t lawful, this is

llowe

if what is

ntended is only the

oods only instea

f the Quran.

(

IRHAS.43.F-

5/04/2017)

Assertive

Approving

s previously

entioned, those

ith small impurity

are prohibited from

hree things,

erforming prayers,

similar things,

erforming tawaf,

ouching and

arrying

ushaf.(IRHAS.5

0.F-15/04/2017)

Assertive

Concluding

8 […] because we are

not ulama (muslim

theologians), not,

we only read

ulama’s books,

including me

myself, I neve

position myself as

Assertive

Denying

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

1354

An ulama […]

(HFZ.17.T-

15/04/2017)

9 Likewise, those the

believers, the

martyrs, even

though their bodies

are buried in the

ground, their souls

are in the world o

barzakh

(purgatory), they i

fact live in

different dimension.

(ZMKS.58.TF-

24/10/2017)

Assertive

Telling

10 Does not Alla

accompany us all

the time?

(LTF.86.SB-

26/02/2017)

Assertive

Establishing

ijma’ or agreement of opinion amongst the

scholars (Islamic scholars) and the opinion of the dai

himself. This type will then list some types of

classification subtype of assertive illocutions.

Following the procedures proposed by Searle (1979),

then the type is determined by certain conditions in

accordance with linguistic characteristics and its

context (Schiffrin, 1994). The conditions that can

determine types of illocution classification include

(1) propositional contents, (2) preparatory

condition, (3) sincerity condition, and (4) essential

condition. Below are types of assertive illocutions of

dai’s speeches in the city of Medan.

Table 3. Types of assertive illocutions of dai in the City of

Medan

Proposisional Contents The truth of Islam

based on the Quran,

hadith and ijma' or

agreement of opinion

amongst Moslem

scholars and the

opinion of the dai

himself (Ps)

Preparatory Dai (Pn) has the facts,

reasons, evidences and

arguments on the Ps

There is no greate

clarity for Pn and his

congregants (Pt) that

Pt knows Ps

Sincerity Pn believes Ps

Essential Ps shows the facts of

the speech

3.2 Discussion

Assertive speech act is a speech act that involves and

binds the speaker to the truth of the proposition

uttered. Therefore, the truth of each meaning of

assertive speech act can be accepted. In other words,

that every assertive speech act of the speakers adjusts

the words with the world (his faith). In that case, in

Islam, a dai must surely have deeper knowledge and

ability to understand the content of Islamic teachings

derived from the Quran and hadith of the Prophet

Muhammad (p.b.u.h) Based on that competences, a

dai must always express the truth of his speech

derived from the holy Quran, hadith and ijma' or

agreement of opinion amongst the scholars. This is

the reason why they are called as the heirs of the

prophet.

From the truth conveyed, type of assertive

illocutions of the dai in this study is based on his

belief in the truth of Quran proposition, hadith and

based on the type of assertive illocutions of dai above,

then the the sub-type of assertive illocutions in the

speech act of the dai in the City of Medan is found as

follows:

3.2.1 Assertive

Sub-type of Explaining

Assertive Sub-Type of Explaining is based on dai’s

belief in Ps in explaining things. This category lists a

number of assertive illocutions meanings including

explaining, deciphering, describing, and telling. The

parameters of this category is when one delivers the

speech, dai stated Ps when dai expresses:

i. A belief that there is a misunderstanding and

confusion about worship etiquette or

ii. incomprehension and

iii. Moslem’s ignorance towards Islamic legal

case or laws.

The illustration of this category can be seen

below.

(1) What is meant by persons with small impurity

is those perons whose wudhu

(ablution) is invalidated or a person not in a

state of wudhu or is without wudhu.

(IRHAS.11.F-15/04/2017)

There is one way proposed by Austin (1962) in

order to prove a speech is classified as an

illocutionary speech, that is by enclosing speech act

verbs in a speech. Yule mentions that the test as a

performative hypothesis (Yule, 1996). The basic

format of this hypothesis is "I (hereby) Vp you (that)

... ". In this case, using paraphrase technique put

forward by Sudaryanto[13] on a speech(1), then the

meaning of assertive illocutions sub-type of

Explaining can be tested for the truth. Consider the

following paraphrase:

Types of Assertive Illocutions in the Dawah of Dai in the City of Medan

1355

explain that What is meant by

describe someone

with

small

I hereby

decipher impurity is

the

person

tell whose wudhu (ablution) is

state invalidated, or

someone

with no wudhu.

Based on the above paraphrase technique, it can

be said that the speech (1) is assertive illocutions sub-

type of explaining intended by the dai to explain,

describe, decipher, tell, state something related to a

certain case of person who is in a state of especially

small impurity. In a nutshell, at the speech level (1) a

dai tries to explain that a person who is in a state of

small impurity is a Muslim who have not taken

ablution. This means that he not in a state of purity

with wudhu.

3.2.2 Assertive Sub-type of Predicting

Assertive Sub-Type of Predicting is based on a belief

in Ps in predicting things that will happen. This

category lists two assertive illocution meanings

including to predict and to forecast. The parameters

of this category is when one delivers the speech, dai

stated Ps when dai expresses:

i. A belief that things will happen as a reaction to

today’s phenomenon and condition of the Muslim

society.

The illustration of this category can be seen below.

(2) And the challenges faced by our children,

our grandchildren in the future will be a lot

more challenging than ours now.

(ZMKS.141.TF-28/11/2017)

The truth test of this sub-type is also performed using

performative hypothesis and paraphrase technique as

previously mentioned. Consider the following

paraphrase:

predict That and challenges faced

I hereby forecast by our children, our

grandchildren in the future

will be a lot more

challenging than ours now

Based on the above paraphrase technique, it can be

said that the speech (2) is an assertive illocutions of

sub-type of predicting intended by the dai to predict

a thing about the challenges faced by Muslim’s

generation in the future. Through the speech (2) the

dai predicts that the challenges faced by Muslim

generation will be far more complex and bigger than

today’s challenges. Such big challenge is caused by

the advance of technology that is not offset by the

increased level of faith that lead Muslim society

especially the young generation into the sinful deeds.

3.2.3 Assertive Sub-type of Asserting

Assertive Sub-Type of asserting is based on dai’s

belief in Ps in asserting something. This category lists

a number of assertive illocution meanings including

emphasizing and stressing. The parameters of this

category is when one delivers the speech, the dai

stresses that Ps when the dai expresses:

i. A belief that there is a crucial thing and is the

essence of legal case or law in the teaching of

Islam.

The illustration of this category can be seen below.

(3) Tauhid can not be divided - Allah as Rab,

Allah as Ilah, believe in one God and to

believe in another God is not supposed to be

done by Moslems. (FZN13T-22042017)

The truth test of this sub-type is also performed using

performative hypothesis and paraphrase technique as

previously mentioned. Consider the following

paraphrase:

assert That Tauhid can not be

I hereby emphasize divided -

Allah as Rab,

Allah as Ilah, believe in

one God and to believe in

another God is not

supposed to be done by

Moslems.

Based on the above paraphrase technique, it can be

said that speech (3) is assertive illocution of asserting

which is intended by the dai to assert that tauhid

cannot be divided into three different definitions.

According to dai, division of tauhid into three is an

improper thing to do and must be avoided. Such an

understanding is not allowed.

3.2.4 Assertive Sub-type of Asserting

Assertive Sub-Type of proving is based on dai’s trust

on Ps in proving things. This category lists a number

of assertive illocution meanings including proving

and showing. The parameter of this category is when

one delivers the speech, the dai proves that the

preposition (Ps) when the dai expresses:

i. His belief in the fact of the existence of

occurences, events, and situation related to

Muslim society

ii. And Muslim’s ignorance towards legal case

and or a law in the teaching of Islam based on

his belief derived from the holy Quran, hadith

and ijma' or agreement of opinion amongst the

scholars.

The illustration of this category can be seen below.

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1356

(4) As we all can see, Islam today is divided and

split into several sects, which is against the

teaching of the Prophet Muhammad, where

at his time, Islam is only

one[…].

(RAW.91.U-08/07/2017)

The truth test of this sub-type is also performed using

performative hypothesis and paraphrase technique as

previously mentioned. Consider the following

paraphrase:

prove That As we all can see,

I hereby

show today, Islam is divided and

split into several sects,

which

is against the

teaching of

the

Prophet

Muhammad, where at his

time, Islam is only

one[…].

Based on the above paraphrase technique, it can be

said that the speech (4) is assertive illocution of

proving intended by the dai to prove that the condition

and situation of Islam globally today is split up into

different groups. It is no longer in unity as in the time

of the Prophet and his companions.

3.2.5 Assertive Sub-type of Suspecting

Assertive sub-type of suspecting is based on dai’s

belief in the preposition (Ps) in suspecting an occured

event. This category lists two assertive illocution

meanings including suspecting and predicting. The

parameter of this category is when one delivers the

speech, the dai suspects that Ps when the dai

expresses:

i. A belief that something has occurred.

The illustration of this category can be seen below.

(5) Perhapssome parts or all parts have been

discussed by myself, ustadz Hafiz or other

preachers […] (RAW.09.F-01/04/2017)

The truth test of this sub-type is also performed using

performative hypothesis and paraphrase technique as

previously mentioned. Consider the following

paraphrase:

suspect That perhapssome parts or

I hereby

predict all parts have

discussed by

myself,

ustadz Hafiz or othe

preachers

Based on the above paraphrase technique, it can be

said that the speech (5) is assertive illocution of

suspecting intended by the dai to suspect that some

of his congregants have learned about the study of

how to improve worship method that has been

previously explained by other preachers besides

himself.

3.2.6 Assertive Sub-type of Agreeing

Assertive sub-type of agreeing is based on dai’s

belief in Ps in agreeing with something. This

category lists a number of assertive illocution

meaning including agreeing, allowingand permitting.

The parameter of this category is when the dai

delivers the speech, he agrees that the preposition

(Ps) when the dai expresses:

i. A belief in something, occurences, events,

situation in accorded to the teachings of Islam that

is based and derived from the holy Quran, hadith

and ijma' or agreement of opinion amongst the

scholars.

The illustration of this category can be seen below.

(6) […]this is allowed if what is intended is the

material instead of the Quran. (IRHAS.43.F-

15/04/2017)

The truth test of this sub-type is also performed using

performative hypothesis and paraphrase technique as

previously mentioned. Consider the following

paraphrase:

approve That finally it was brought

I hereby allow and making it lawful, this is

permit allowed if what is intended

is only the goods only

instead of the Quran.

Based on the above paraphrase technique, it can be

said that the speech (6) is assertive illocution of

agreeing intended by the dai to agree that someone

can bring the holy Quran and other items in the bag

in the state of junub with the conditions that that

person intends to only carry the item.

3.2.7 Assertive Sub-type of Concluding

Assertive sub-type of concluding is based on dai’s

trust in Ps in concluding something. This category

lists a number of assertive illocution meanings

including concluding, summarizingand summing up.

The parameter of this category is when the dai

delivers the speech, he concludes that the preposition

(Ps) when the dai expresses:

i. A belief that the dai reviews things that have been

discussed and is in accordance with the teachings

Types of Assertive Illocutions in the Dawah of Dai in the City of Medan

1357

of Islam which is based and derived from the holy

Quran, hadith and ijma' or agreement of opinion

amongst the scholars.

The illustration of this category can be seen below.

(7) As previously mentioned, those with small

impurity are prohibited from three things;

performing prayers, and similar things, performing

tawaf, touching and carrying

mushaf.(IRHAS.50.F-15/04/2017)

The truth test of this sub-type is also performed using

performative hypothesis and paraphrase technique as

previously mentioned. Consider the following

paraphrase:

conclude That As previously

I hereby

summarize mentioned, those with small

sum up

impurity

are

prohibited

from

three

things,

performing prayers, and

similar things,

performing

tawaf, touching and

carrying mushaf.

Based on the above paraphrase technique, it can be

said that the speech (7) is assertive illocution of

concluding intended by the dai to conclude his study

that there are three forbidden things for muslims

when he is in the state of junub.

3.2.8 Assertive Sub-type of Denying

Assertive illocution of denying is based on dai’s trust

in Ps in denying something. This category lists a

number of assertive illocution meanings including

denying, refusing and refuting. The parameter of this

category is when the dai delivers the speech, he

denies that the preposition (Ps) when the dai

expresses:

i. A belief that the dai does not feel and does not

think himself as perceived by the speakers. And

his attitude is in accordance with Islam based and

derived from the holy Quran, hadith and ijma' or

agreement of opinion amongst the scholars.

The illustration of this category can be seen below.

(8) because we are not ulama (muslim

theologians), not, we only read ulama’s books,

including me myself, I never position myself as an

ulama[…] (HFZ.17.T-

15/04/2017)

The truth test of this sub-type is also performed using

performative hypothesis and paraphrase technique as

previously mentioned. Consider the following

paraphrase:

deny That because we are not

I hereby refute ulama (muslim theologians),

reject not, we only read ulama’s

books, including me myself, I

never position myself as an

ulama.

Based on the above paraphrase technique, it can be

said that the speech (8) is assertive illocution of

denying intended by the dai to deny that he is an the

ulama. At that time, the dai does not think himself as

an Muslim scholar as he can only read out some

ulama’s works and has not yet been able to produce

Islamic books such as those produced by previous

scholars.

3.2.9 Assertive Sub-type of Telling

Assertive illocution sub-type of telling is based on

dai’s trust in Ps in telling over something. This

category lists a number of assertive illocution

meanings including telling, reporting and recounting.

The parameter of this category is when the dai

delivers the speech, he tells a story that the

preposition (Ps) when the dai expresses:

i. trust with the fact of the existence of occurences,

events, situations associated with the human

beings that have occurred in the past based on the

belief that comes from the holy Quran, hadith and

ijma' or agreement of opinion amongst the

scholars.

The illustration of this category can be seen below.

(9) Likewise those the believers, the martyrs,

even though their bodies are buried in the ground,

their souls are in the world of barzakh (purgatory),

they in fact live in a

different dimension. (ZMKS.58.TF-

24/10/2017)

The truth test of this sub-type is also performed using

performative hypothesis and paraphrase technique as

previously mentioned. Consider the following

paraphrase:

tell That likewise those the

I hereby report believers, the martyrs, eve

recount though their bodies are buried

in the ground, their souls are

in the world of barzakh

(purgatory), they in fact live

in a different dimension.

Based on the above paraphrase technique, it can be

said that the speech (9) is assertive illocution of sub-

type of telling intended by the dai to tell that the

people who died in a state of martyrdom in fact

remain alive in another dimension.

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1358

3.2.10 Assertive Sub-type of Telling

Assertive sub-type of establishing is based on the

dai’s belief in Ps in confirming his listeners’ heart.

This category lists two assertive illocution meanings

including establishing and convincing. The parameter

of this category is when the dai delivers the speech,

he convinces that the preposition (Ps) when the dai

expresses:

i. A belief in the fact of occurences, events,

situations that can strengthen the confidence and

passion in carrying out the commands of Allah

s.w.t.

The illustration of this category can be seen below.

(10) Does not Allah accompany us all the time?

(LTF.86.SB-26/02/2017)

The truth test of this sub-type is also performed using

performative hypothesis and paraphrase technique as

previously mentioned. Consider the following

paraphrase:

I hereby confirm That Does not Allah

convince accompany us all the time?

Based on the above paraphrase technique, it can be

said that the speech (10) is assertive illocution sub-

type of confirming intended by the dai to confirm that

God is always with those who believe in Him and

those who always in His path speech (10) this

statemenrt is uttered by the dai to convince his

congregants to not to feel down in defending the

religion of Allah s.w.t

4 CONCLUSIONS

The results of the study lead to the findings that the

type of assertive illocutions of the dai is based on his

belief in the truth of Quran proposition, hadith and

ijma’ or agreed opinions amongst the ulama (Islamic

scholars) and the opinion of the dai himself. Those

types have different meanings including sub-type of

explaining, sub-type of predicting, sub-type of

asserting, sub-type of proving, sub-type of

suspecting, sub-type of approving, sub-type of

concluding, sub-type of denying, and sub-type of

telling and sub-type of establishing.

Based on the results of this research, is can be said

that in principle a dai does not give dawah without

academically strong arguments. All his assertive

speeches is based on the truth of the Quran, hadith

and ijma' or agreement of opinion amongst the

scholars. It is therefore important that there should be

another research conducted on assertive illocutions

by a dai that focuses on the realization of the

indirectness of assertive illocutions of dai when

giving dawah.

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