Hair Growth Activity Test of White Ginger (Zingiber officinale

Roscoe) Extract and Red Ginger (Zingiber officinale Rubra) Extract

Effendy De Lux Putra

, Nazliniwaty

, Syafruddin

and Nerdy

Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia,

20155

Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia,

20155

Keywords: Hair Growth, White Ginger, Red Ginger, Extract

Abstract: Hair was protector against temperature and physical barrier. Hair loss was one of the most worrying. The

objective of this research was conduct scientific tests on hair activity of white ginger extract and red ginger

extract in the experimental animal.Extraction of white ginger and red ginger by soxhletation method. The

obtained extract was formulated to simple gel with carbopol based gel. Experiments animals were male rats

sprague dawley strain has been shaved and smeared. Treated with gel and observed hair growth time, hair

length, and hair mass.The initial hair growth time for 2% minoxidil was on 4

day. White ginger extract gel

was showed the same activity with 3% extract, but red ginger extract gel was showed the same activity with

1% extract. The final hair growth time for 2% minoxidil was on 9

day. White ginger extract gel did not

showed the same activity with 3% extract, but red ginger extract gel was showed the same activity with 2%

extract. White ginger extract has weakerhair growth activity than minoxidil, but red ginger extract has

stronger hair growth activity than minoxidil.

1 INTRODUCTION

Hair is found in almost all parts of the body and has

various functions, such as protection against ambient

temperature and physical barrier between external

air and skin, keep the body warmer and hair has its

own aesthetic value for humans. One of the most

worrying problems for everyone is hair loss that can

result in baldness. Hair has different growth and fall

periods on each strand. Although hair loss is a

natural cycle of hair, sometimes the quantity and

frequency of hair loss increase, causing baldness.

This is caused by hormonal disorders, drug side

effects, food intake, and stress (Guo and Katta,

2017).

Minoxidil, a drug of scientific origin was

scientifically proved for the treatment of alopecia,

but side effect associated with this drug has limited

its pharmacological benefits hence the drug of plant

origin is necessary to replace the synthetic one

(Rathi et al., 2017). India is a repository of

medicinal plants According to the researchers,

innovation found an effective formula can solve the

problem of hair loss. This effect on the number of

hair cosmetics is marketed, both synthetic products

and herbal products. Use of materials that are

synthetic or herbal products has been widely

produced. The use of synthetic substances in

cosmetic products is less safe because it can cause

side effects on long term use such as allergic effects,

pathogenic, and carcinogenic (Yuan et al., 2016).

Several phytochemical and extract has been

tested for the anticonvulsant (Ginting et al., 2018),

antibacterial (Karsono et al., 2015; Masfria et al,

2016), antioxidant (Masfria et al., 2016; Nazliniwaty

et al., 2016

a,b

; Nerdy and Manurung, 2018),

antidiabetic (Nerdy, 2015

), antimalarial (Nerdy,

2015

; Nerdy 2017), anticancer (Nerdy, 2015

Nerdy et al., 2015; Nerdy et al., 2016),

antihepatotoxicity (Tarigan et al., 2018), and

antinephrolitiatic activity (Haro et al., 2017; Putra et

al., 2018). Many medicinal plants have been used for

the treatment of hair diseases from generation to

generation (Begum et al., 2014). Herbs such as

turmeric, and ginger are integral parts of ayurvedic

formulations (Jain et al., 2016). However 6-

gingerol(major component isolate from ginger),

showed inhibition activity of hair growth (Miao et

Putra, E., Nazliniwaty, ., Syafruddin, . and Nerdy, .

Hair Growth Activity Test of White Ginger (Zingiber ofﬁcinale Roscoe) Extract and Red Ginger (Zingiber ofﬁcinale Rubra) Extract.

DOI: 10.5220/0010071904390443

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages

439-443

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

439

al., 2013). Many natural compounds are not

efficacious as isolates but show activity in the

combinations with other compounds in the extract.

Figure 1 showed the difference between white

ginger and red ginger.

Figure 1. Difference between white ginger and red

ginger

People assume that red ginger has a better

activity than white ginger. However, until now there

is no scientific proof of hair growth activity of white

ginger extract and red ginger extract. The purpose of

this study is to conduct scientific tests on hair

activity of white ginger extract and red ginger

extract in the experimental animal.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

This research is an experimental research conducted

in Pharmacology Laboratory, Faculty of Pharmacy,

University of Sumatera Utara. Independent variable

was ginger extract concentration and red ginger

extract concentration. Dependent variable werehair

growth time, hair length, and hair mass.

2.1 Tools and Materials

The tools used in this research were rats breeding

equipment, calipers (Mitutoyo), analytical balance

(Shimadzu),cutter (Kenko), scissors (Kenko), razor

(Gillette), permanent marker (Snowman), beaker

glass (Iwaki), erlenmeyer (Iwaki), measuring glass

(Iwaki), stirring rod (Iwaki), petri dish (Iwaki),

dropper pipette (Iwaki), spatula, aluminum foil

(Klinpak), plastic wrap (Klinpak), blender (Philips),

oven (Memmert), filter paper (Whatman), buchner

funnel (Iwaki), and rotary evaporator (Buchi),

waterbath (Wisebath), and camera (Samsung).

The materials used in this study were white

ginger, red ginger, experiments animals were 27

male rats sprague dawley strain with aged 7 weeks

to 8 weeks and weighed 150 g to 200 g, rats food

(Best1), hexane (Merck), distilled water (Brataco),

and tissue (Tessa), carbopol (Samirasachem), methyl

paraben(Ueno), propyl paraben(Ueno), propylene

glycol (Dow), minoxidil (Kirkland), triethanol amine

(Merck).

2.2 Preparation of Extract

Extraction of white ginger and red ginger was

modification from Nour et al (2017) extraction

procedure.40 g fresh and grinded rhizomes was

extracted by soxhletation method for 12 hours with

n-hexane. The extract obtained were concentrated by

rotary evaporator, dried by freeze dryer, stored in

amber bottles, and kept at –4°C for further studies.

2.3 Experimental Design

This research was conducted by using completely

randomized design with 9 treatments in male rats,

each treatment was done 3 repetitions. The number

of rats required for each treatment was determined

using the Federer formula (n-1) (t-1) ≥15, where t

denotes the number of treatments and n denotes the

number of animals for each treatment (Pratisto,

2009). The treatment is NC: Without Treatment

(normal control); (–)C: Blank Gel (negative control);

(+)C: Minoxidil 2% Gel (positive control); WG1:

1% White Ginger Extract Gel; WG2: 2% White

Ginger Extract Gel; WG3: 3% White Ginger Extract

Gel; RG1: 1% Red Ginger Extract Gel; RG2: 2%

Red Ginger Extract Gel; RG3: 3% Red Ginger

Extract Gel.

2.4 Gel Formulation

Formulation of gel was modification from Gupta and

Gupta (2017) formulation procedure. Eight different

hair gel were prepared by a simple gel formulation

preparation method based on carbopol gel. Gel

formula for each treatment can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. Gel formula for each treatment

Materials

–

Ginger

Red Ginger

RG1

RG2

RG3

Minoxidil (g)

–

2.00

–

Ginger Extract (g)

–

1.00

2.00

3.00

–

Red Ginger

Extract (g)

–

1.00

2.00

3.00

Carbopol (g)

1.00

Methyl Paraben

(g)

0.50

0.5

Propyl Paraben

(g)

0.25

Propylene Glycol

(mL)

5.00

Triethanolamine

(mL)

1.50

Water (up to mL)

100

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

440

The carbopol was dispersed in 50 mL of distilled

water. methyl paraben and propyl paraben were

dissolved in 5 ml of hot distilled water, cooled,

added propylene glycol, added extract (or

minoxidil), mixed with carbopol solution, made up

to 100 mL by distilled water with constant stirring,

added triethanol amine and continued stirring until a

transparent gel is formed.

2.5 Hair Growth Activity Test

Experiments animals were 54 male rats sprague

dawley strain with aged 7 weeks to 8 weeksand

weighed 150 g to 200 g. Mice were acclimatized for

2 weeks, fed with standard food and water, shaved

hair on the back part (4 cm × 4 cm), and smeared

with depilatory cream, made the middle box with

permanent marker (2 cm × 2 cm, and kept for 24

hours. Each treatment with gel was smeared with

0.25 grams of gel at once daily in the morning (each

application was rinsed using distilled water before

smearing gel to avoid any previous gel still

attached). The treatment was done for 21 days and

observed hair growth time, hair length, and hair

mass.

- Hair growth observations are performed daily

with visual observations of two parameters:

initial hair growth time (minimum time required

to start hair growth in the skin area) and final

hair growth time (minimum time required to

cover the skin area with new hair).

- Hair length observation is done every week (7

day, 14

day, and 21

day) by taking 10 hairs

from each treatment box and measured in length

using calipers.

- Hair mass observations were analyzed on the 21

day by shaving the entire hair from each

treatment box and weighed the mass using an

analytical balance.

The data obtained is followed by one way

analysis of variance with the least significant

difference.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

Results obtained for extract yield were 1.2589% for

white ginger and 1.3223% for red ginger. The

extract obtained was further used for hair growth

activity test compared to normal control, negative

control, and positive control. Hair growth activity

test for hair length and hair growth time for various

treatment can be seen in table 2. Hair growth activity

test for hair weight for various treatment can be seen

in table 3.

Table 2. Hair growth activity test for hair length and

hair growth time for various treatment

Treatment

Hair Length (mm) ± Standard

Deviation (mm)

Initial

Hair

Growth

Time

Final

Hair

Growth

Time

Week

1.7239 ±

0.0007

3.9552 ±

0.0016

6.5338 ±

0.0023

Day

(–)C

1.7243 ±

0.0008

3.9606 ±

0.0015

6.5484 ±

0.0021

Day

(+)C

1.7909 ±

0.0031

6.1863 ±

0.0039

10.1706 ±

0.0145

Day

WG1

1.7456 ±

0.0021

4.5827 ±

0.0037

6.6306 ±

0.0136

Day

WG2

1.7627 ±

0.0035

5.3778 ±

0.0043

7.8747 ±

0.0160

Day

WG3

1.7883 ±

0.0049

6.1548 ±

0.0056

10.1096 ±

0.0199

Day

RG1

1.7893 ±

0.0045

6.1712 ±

0.0057

10.1375 ±

0.0195

Day

RG2

1.8164 ±

0.0054

6.8741 ±

0.0061

11.2641 ±

0.0214

Day

RG3

1.8315 ±

0.0059

7.4216 ±

0.0068

12.2641 ±

0.0237

Day

Table 3. Hair growth activity test for hair weight for

various treatment

Treatment

Hair Weight (mg/mm

) ± Standard

Deviation (mg/mm

)

58.1523 ± 0.5263

(–)C

58.3886 ± 0.5332

(+)C

72.8623 ± 0.6716

WG1

62.5235 ± 0.5752

WG2

67.0735 ± 0.6013

WG3

72.4535 ± 0.6699

RG1

72.5652 ± 0.6703

RG2

76.6415 ± 0.6981

RG3

81.3182 ± 0.7136

White ginger extract concentration 1% and 2%

have significant different weaker hair growth

activity than minoxidil 2%; but on white ginger

extract concentration 3% has not significant

different (equal) hair growth activity to minoxidil

2%. Red ginger extract concentration 1% has not

significant different (equal) hair growth activity to

minoxidil 2%; but on white ginger extract

concentration 2% and 3% have significant different

weaker hair growth activity than minoxidil 2%. Red

ginger extract has better hair growth activity than

white ginger extract, this phenomenon might due to

the hair growth activity phytochemical content

(flavonoid) in red ginger extract was more than

white ginger. Flavonoid play the main role on hair

growth promoting through endothelial nitric oxide

Hair Growth Activity Test of White Ginger (Zingiber ofﬁcinale Roscoe) Extract and Red Ginger (Zingiber ofﬁcinale Rubra) Extract

441

synthase by inhibit nitric oxide production, or 5α-

reductase (Rifkia et al., 2017).

Topical gel containing white ginger extract and

red ginger extract with various concentration of

extract showed the dose dependent hair growth

activity. Higher concentration of extract in gel

formulation has better hair growth activity, it

showed by longer in hair length, faster in hair

growth time and heavier in hair weight from 1

week, 2

week and 3

week. Herbal extract showed

the dose dependent hair growth activity (Kanedi et

al., 2017). Herbal was very effective for hair growth

promotion without skin irritation. Hair growth

activity of extract might be caused by the

antioxidant effect and lead to improvement in blood

flow to scalp (Semalty et al., 2010). Herbal might

promote hair growth, enhance hair health, and

effective for treating hair loss (Yu et al., 2017).

Herbal extract treatment could proliferated human

dermal papilla cells, significantly stimulated the

expression of Ki-67 protein and the messenger

ribonucleic acid levels of hepatocyte growth factor

(Boisvert et al., 2017). Herbal might be an

alternative for synthetic drugs used for alopecia

without any side effect.

4 CONCLUSIONS

White ginger extract has weakerhair growth activity

than minoxidil, but red ginger extract has stronger

hair growth activity than minoxidil. Evaluation of

hair growth activity with hair growth time, hair

length, and hair mass parameter showed significant

difference between white ginger extract and red

ginger extract. Red ginger extract showed better hair

growth activity than white ginger extract.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

The authors acknowledge the financial support by

Research Institutions, University of Sumatera Utara,

inaccordance with the Contract Research TALENTA

University of Sumatera Utara, Fiscal Year 2018 with

Contract number 290 / UN5.2.3.1 / PPM / KP-

TALENTA USU / 2018 on 16 March 2018.

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