Study of Agroforestry Toona sureni Merr by the Community in

Simalungun Regency of North Sumatera - Indonesia

Siti Latifah

, Agus Purwoko

, Kansih Sri Hartini

, Achmad Sadeli

, Togi Nasib R. Tamba

Forestry Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords : Suren (Toona sureni Merr), Agroforestry Pattern, Community.

Abstract : The community of Pematang Sidamanik Sub-district conducted an agroforestry pattern that combines forestry

crops with various agricultural crops. This research specifically aims to examine the pattern of agroforestry

and suren cultivation techniques. Methods of data collection with interview techniques, and field observation

(survey). Data processing with qualitative descriptive analysis method. Cultivation techniques for T.sureni in

study site are provision of seeds, maintenance and harvesting done by the community in a simple way. Suren

agroforestry pattern conducted by local community as many as 10 patterns, namely: cloves, candlenuts,

coffee, mango, chocolate and turmeric. Includes: suren and coffee; suren, coffee and cloves; suren, coffee and

candlenut; suren, candlenuts and cloves; suren, coffee, candlenuts and cloves; suren, coffee, cloves and

saffron; suren and chocolate; suren, mango and chocolate; suren, coffee, mango and cloves; suren, mango and

cloves. Maintenance activities include monitoring and pruning on branches that cover and potentially disrupt

the growth of agricultural crops.

1 INTRODUCTION

Agroforestry is the intentional combination of

forestry and agricultureto to create for more diverse,

productive, profitable, healthy, ecologically sound,

and sustainable land-use systems (Latifah, Yunus and

Sri, 2018). Agroforestry practically responds to

economic, environmental and social problems that are

common in most regions of the earth. V

arious

agroforestry practices are part of the agricultural

system

. These tend to vary from place to place in

both intensity and extent of management in line with

the varying agro ecological and socioeconomic

factors prevailing in those areas (Monica, 2017)

Agroforestry plays a role in helping the forestry

sector achieve SFM can be measured by the extent to

which agroforestry is relevant to SFM criteria agreed

internationally. Mekar Sari Raya Village, Panei

District, Simalungun Regency, North Sumatra has

cultivated and developed suren and cocoa

agroforestry and is financially feasible. (Latifah,

2018). The community of Pematang Sidamanik Sub-

district is mostly farmers, where the farmers use a lot

of agroforestry patterns that combine forestry and

agricultural crops. Communities in Pematang

Sidamanik Sub district combine suren trees with

various agricultural crops and plantations.

The pattern of utilization of forest resources will

be determined by the value of the utilization of forest

products (Tati, 2015). The cultivation techniques and

the pattern of agroforestry of suren trees have not

been identified. Identification is done to search, find,

collect and register various data and information.

Data on cultivation techniques and the pattern of

agroforestry suren will be the reference of efficient

and economic high-value land use. Therefore, it is

necessary to identify the cultivation and the pattern of

agroforestry suren.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

Research locations that have been conducted in 2017

are in Pamatang Tambun Raya and Sipolha Horisan

village, Pematang Sidamanik Sub-District,

Simalungun Regency of North Sumatra. Method of

Latifah, S., Purwoko, A., Hartini, K., Sadeli, A. and Tamba, T.

Study of Agroforestry Toona sureni Merr by the Community in Simalungun Regency of North Sumatera - Indonesia.

DOI: 10.5220/0010067100050008

In Proceedings of the International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches (ICOSTEERR 2018) - Research in Industry 4.0, pages 5-8

ISBN: 978-989-758-449-7

determining the number of respondents based on the

Slovin formula (Kusmayadi and Sugiarto, 2000). i.e.:

𝑛







(1)

Where:

n = number of sample

N = number of population

e = error

The number of families in Pematang Sidamanik

districts is 4414 ffamilies with an average of 441

head of families every village (BPS Simalungun,

2015). The data in this study used 48 respondents.

The number of respondents has been able to describe

/represent the community of study site.

We conducted

interviews with respondents using open and closed

structured questionnaires in face-to-face interviews.

Data collection for primary data was done through

a field survey. The primary data was done for

Cultivation technique and agro forestry pattern of T.

sureni Merr).

Secondary data were collected from the libraries

and internet-base sources of the institutions. They are

general condition of research location include

location and state of physical environment, socio-

economic condition of society and state of residence

include age, sex, livelihood, education, population.

Data processing used in this research is

Qualitative Descriptive Analysis. The data collected

from the results of questionnaires are presented in the

form of tables and diagrams.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Characteristics of Respondents

3.1.1 Religion and Ethnicity

All respondents have Protestant and Catholic

Christianity. The respondents consist of Batak

Simalungun, Batak Toba and Batak Karo.

3.1.2 Age of Respondents

Table 1 indicates that ages range from 40 to -49 year

has the largest frequency (25%) and the smallest is

at age range 50-59 year and 70-79 years (16.65%).

Table 1. Characteristics of Respondents by age

Interval

Class

Frequency Percentage (%)

1 30-39 11 22,9

2 40-49 12 25

3 50-59 8 16,65

4 60-69 9 18,8

5 70-79 8 16,65

Amount 48 100

3.1.3 Respondents Education Level

Table 2 indicates that education level high school has

the largest frequency (37, 5%). The level of

community education is good; this is because no one

is not in school. Although the education level of the

respondent has not yet entered the college

Table 2. Education level

Education level

Frequenc

Percentage

(%)

1 No school - -

2 Primary school 12 25

Secondary

Schools

16 33,3

4 High School 18 37,5

5 Teacher education 2 4,2

6 Higher Education - -

Amount 48 100

3.1.4 Land Area

Table 3 shows the area of land with agroforestry of

respondents.

Table 3. Land area of respondent

No land area (m

) Frequency

Percentage

(

)

1 80- 360 25 52,07

2 400-6800 13 27,08

3 7200-9600 3 6,25

4 10000-12400 3 6,25

5 12800-15200 1 2,08

6 ≥15600 3 6,25

Amount 48 100

As shown in Table 3, that land area range from

80- 3600 m

has the largest frequency (25

respondents with or f 52.07%). This condition

indicates most of the people only have agroforestry

land less than 1 hectare.

ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches

3.2 Pattern of Agroforestry

Descriptive of the pattern agro forestry in study site

are shown in Table 4.

Table 4. Pattern of agro forestry

No Pattern agroforestry Frequency

Percenta

e (%)

1 Suren + coffee 14 29.17

Suren + coffee +

clove

16 33,13

Suren + coffee +

candlenut,

7 14. 14

Suren + candlenut +

clove

2 4.16

Suren + coffee +

clove + candlenut

2 4,16

Suren + coffee +

clove + turmeric

1 2,08

7 Suren + Chocolate 1 2,08

Suren + mango +

Chocolate

2 4,17

Suren + coffee +

mango + clove

2 4,17

Suren + mango +

clove

1 2,08

Amount 48 100

The most farmers apply agro forestry patterns by

planting suren, coffee and Cloves (29 %).The least

agro forestry pattern applied by farmers is

suren+Coffee+Cloves + Turmeric; Suren +

Chocolate; Suren + Mango + Cloves (2.08%). Also

shown are proportions of respondents mentioning the

species and those who have planted/are planning to

plant the species. These priority species are

multipurpose that yield products that include edible

fruits, timber, and construction. These benefits

justify increased investment in the development of

agro forestry systems that will contribute to food

security (FAO, 2013, p.37).

Based on studies from Asia, Latin America

and Africa found in most rural areas, livelihoods

depend on non-forest and environmental

income.

Most of these studies focus on livelihood

strategies, forest or overall environmental

dependence, non-timber forest products (NTFPs), or

conservation and development issues (Angelsen,

Jagger and Babigumira, 2014, p.S12-S18).

3.3 Suren Cultivation Technique

Suren tree cultivation techniques conducted by the

community include the provision of seeds,

maintenance and harvesting. The following describes

the cultivation techniques performed:

3.3.1 Provision of Seeds

Provision of seeds the community uses two ways to

provide seeds. (i) Seedlings are taken from under the

tree. Seeds to be planted are taken directly from under

the suren tree whose height has not reached 10 cm.

This treatment is intended not to damage the roots

when removing the seeds. (ii) Seedlings from the

nursery. There is no special treatment in the nursery.

Mature seeds are sorted to obtain a quality seed.

Furthermore, it is distributed in nurseries that have

been ejected first and mixed with compost. After the

seedlings grow to ≥5 cm, it is transferred into

polybasic that have been filled with topsoil and

compost soil with 60:40 composition. If the seed

reaches a height of 10-20 cm planted to the planting

location.

3.3.2 Maintenance

The community does not perform significant

maintenance, lack of thinning, pruning, or weeding.

Communities only do a simple pruning on the branch

if the branch has covered the agricultural crops of

coffee and other plants that have the potential to

disrupt growth.

3.3.3 Harvesting

For tree harvesting, the community hires tree cutting

services using a wood sawing machine. Sawing

machines are also used in processing tree trunks as

home materials such as boards and broti. Harvesting

should be done at the time of leaf deciduous or leaf

change. It is intended that the stem does not bend after

harvesting and processing

4 CONCLUSION

There are ten Agroforestry patterns in study namely:

suren and coffee; suren, coffee and cloves; suren,

coffee and candlenut; suren, candlenuts and cloves;

suren, coffee, candlenuts and cloves; suren, coffee,

cloves and turmeric; suren and chocolate; suren,

mango and chocolate; suren, coffee, mango and

cloves; suren, mango and cloves. The priority species

are valued mostly for their edible fruits, timber, and

poles especially for construction purposes.

Cultivation technique for T.sureni in study site is

provision of seeds, maintenance and harvesting done

Study of Agroforestry Toona sureni Merr by the Community in Simalungun Regency of North Sumatera - Indonesia

by the community in a simple way. People use a chain

Shaw to harvest T. sureni. Maintenance activities

include monitoring and pruning on branches that

cover and potentially disrupt the growth of

Agricultural crops.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This study was supported by Universitas Sumatera

Utara. In a special way, the authors would like to

extend their sincere thanks to all the respondents for

providing this information and to the local district

administration for all the help they provided to the

authors.

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ICOSTEERR 2018 - International Conference of Science, Technology, Engineering, Environmental and Ramiﬁcation Researches