Management of Sharia Corporate Social Responsibility (CS
R
) as a
Community Establishment for Civil Society
A. Syifaul Qulub, Fatin Fadhilah Hasib and Sunan Fanani
Faculty of Economics and Business, UniversitasAirlangga, Jl. Airlangga 4, 60286, Surabaya, Indonesia.
Keywords: CSR, Madani Community, Community Development.
Abstract: The purpose of this paper is: 1. Todescriibe and crictically evaluate the concept of civil society from
expert 2. To explain about the management of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) Islamic companies 3.
To make a model of sharia corporate social responsibility for the establishment of civil society. In this
research the author uses literature study method (Research library) and interview from the expert.The
conclusions of the research are: 1. The concept of civil society is actually an Islamic-styleconcept of
civilizationthat lays the principles of the basic values of aharmonious and balanced society. 2. Islamic CSR
Management is a management basedonthe fulfillment of rights that include the fulfillment of religious rights,
the right to get an education, the right to obtain health, offspring, and the right to get justice and prosperity
economically which in its management there are no conflicting elements with the Islamic law. 3. Proper
management of CSR can certainly strengthen or increase the accumulation of social capital in order to improve
the welfare of the community. Contribution result of this research is significant for the sharia marketing
science Implication from this research is for the society and the sharia companies and conventional companies
whos want to do the sharia corporate social responsibility. Lack of the previous research is still there is no
much research about sharia corporate corporate social responsibility that linked with civil society
establisation.
1 INTRODUCTION
Social responsibility is the response, obligation,
control, authority, concern and duty of a company to
the surrounding environment. Ethics is a rule of
principle and moral values that lead to the behavior of
a person or group of people about good or bad. Ethics
deals with internal values that are part of the corporate
culture that directs organizational behavior in relation
to its social responsibility-the moral of the
organization.
In relation to the demands of corporate social
responsibility, each company must run a Corporate
Social Responsibility program in accordance with the
Law No.40 of 2007 Article 74 Limited Liability
Company Law (UUPT) stating that the PT who runs
business in the field concerned with natural resources
obliged to carry out social and environmental
responsibility. The contents of Law No. 25 Year 2007
on Investment. Article 15 (b) states that "Every
investor shall be obliged to carry out corporate social
responsibility." The more detailed is Law No.19 of
2003 on State-Owned Enterprises. This law is further
elaborated by the Regulation of the Minister of State
Owned Enterprises No.4 of 2007 which regulates
from the amount of funds to the procedure of CSR
implementation. This law was passed in the plenary
session of the House of Representatives.
Corporate social responsibility (CSR) has become
a critical issue for many companies due to increase of
public awareness about the impact of companies on
society and environtment.(Amran and Usman ,2015)
From the Islamic perspective, social responsibility is
very much similar to the takafulkonsep that
emphasize on the community benefits of which is
built and based on relationship characteristics. The
gained from these is intended to fulfill the maqasid al-
shari`ah mandates of religion, intelligence, life, honor
and dignity as well as property (Azmi and Yaacob,
2012).
According to Islamic moral law (shariah), every
citizen is responsible to promote justice and welfare
in the society and seeks God`s Blessing, to achive
success in this world and the here after (Amran and
Usman, 2015). therefore the people of today must
have an awareness that the importance of fighting for
Qulub, A., Hasib, F. and Fanani, S.
Management of Sharia Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a Community Establishment for Civil Society.
In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Islamic Economics, Business, and Philanthropy (ICIEBP 2017) - Transforming Islamic Economy and Societies, pages 827-831
ISBN: 978-989-758-315-5
Copyright © 2018 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
827

their basic rights as well as the right to a decent life,
security and prosperity. Besides, they must also be
able to be responsible for their own life as a society
especially in a plural Indonesian society (Rudito et
al.,2013). But basically the responsibility is not the
responsibility of the society itself or the state alone
but is the joint responsibility, namely the government
and all levels of society. It is this awareness that
underlies the creation of a civil society that is the
dream of every country in the world.
One of the efforts in the formation of civil society
is the existence of a CSR program in which one of its
aims is to raise public awareness towards a more
prosperous and civilized order. The community
empowerment model undertaken by the company
through the CSR program is usually in the form of
services, loans, infrastructure development and
financing various events related to community
development and welfare.
One of the models of CSR management that can
be connected with the effort of civil society
manifestation is the management of CSR conducted
in Islamic or can be interpreted the management of
sharia-based CSR and in accordance with t he
principle of Maqashid al-syariah which is termed by
al-ma'aaniallatisyuri'atlaha al-ahkam (Hikam, 1996).
In addition the classical scholars describe the five
main points that must be preserved in human life:
keeping the religion (hifẓ al-dīn), keeping the soul
(hifẓ al-nafs), keeping the mind (hifẓ al-'aql), keeping
the offspring (hifẓ al -nasl) and preserves the treasure
(hifẓ al-māl). Some classical scholars such as al-
Ghazali and al-Syatibi argue that al-Kulliyah al-
khamsah which they mentioned earlier is usūl al-
syariah or general purpose of the making of sharia
(Zein, 2005)
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Civil Society Concept
Understanding the Concept of "Civil Society"
basically refers to the concept of "civil society" of
western society. The person who first revealed this
term in 1995 was Anwar Ibrahim (Rahardjo,1999)
and developed in Indonesia by Nurcholish Madjid
(Madjid, N., 1999; Nurchalis. 2000). The meaning of
civil society as civil society refers to the concept and
form of Medina Society built by Prophet Muhammad
SAW. The Madinah community is regarded as the
legitimacy of history in the formation of civil society
in modern Muslim society.
Meanwhile, according to Alatas (1978) Civil
Society comes from the Arabic language which
consists of two words namely musharaka and madina.
musharaka which means association or communion
of human life, in the Latin language society called
socius which then changed its form to social while
madina meaning city, or "tamaddun" meaning
civilization. This is related to the life of the
community who built the Prophet Muhammad SAW
after he emigrated to Madinah whose population of
various types of ethnicity and religion although the
majority of Muslims.
Based on the origins of that understanding then
the intention of the Civil Society (civil society) is a
society that uphold high values of civilization, the
community that lays the principles of the basic values
of a harmonious and balanced society. According to
observations Maarif (1998), civil society developing
in the Western Society is theoretically entitled
egilitarian, tolerant, and open, the values that are also
owned by Madinullah's community.
Civil society was born and developed in
liberalism so that the result of the Society that
produced more emphasized the role and individual
freedom, the problem of social and economic justice
is still a question mark. While in civil society, justice
is a major pillar. Another difference between civil
society and civil society is that civil society is the fruit
of modernity, while modernity is the fruit of the
Renaissance movement; the secular Society
movement that marginalizes God. So the civil society
has a fragile moral-transcendental for leaving God.
While civil society is born from the cradle and
guidance of God.
From this reason Maarif defines the Civil Society
as an open, egalitarian, and tolerant Society on the
basis of transcendental moral ethical values derived
from God's Revelation (Maarif, 2004). The people of
Madinah, whom Cak Nur used as the typology of civil
society, constituted a democratic society. In the sense
that the relations between the groups of the Society,
as contained in the points of the Medina Charter,
reflect egalitarianism (each group has equal rights and
position), respect for other groups, policy is taken by
involving community groups (such as the setting of
war strategies), and the perpetrators of injustice, from
any group, are rewarded with the punishment.
2.2 Corporate Social Responsibility
CSR can be interpreted as an effort of the company to
raise its image in the eyes of the public by making
programs of charity both external and internal.
External program by conducting partnerships
ICIEBP 2017 - 1st International Conference on Islamic Economics, Business and Philanthropy
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(partnership) by involving all stakeholders
(stakeholders) to show the company's concern for the
community and the surrounding environment. While
internally able to produce well, achieve maximum
profit and welfare employees (Kartini,2013).
Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a
phenomenon and strategy used by companies to
accommodate the needs and interests of its
stakeholders. CSR begins since an era where the
awareness of long-term corporate sustainability is
more important than just the profitability of the
company (Gunawan,2008)
Corporate Social responsibility based on
Maqashid Al-Shariah is about CSR program model in
community empowerment that emphasizes on the
purpose of Shariah which is based on Mashlahah so
that it can create prosperity of society which not only
prosper economically but also born, inner, world and
akhira (Al-Syatibi,2003).
Actually the world of industry and Maqashid Al
Shariah there is a common goal is to create
community welfare as a responsibility that must be
carried by the industrial world. the CSR program of
the industrial world in Community empowerment can
be emphasized on Maqashid Al Shariah which is
based on Dharuriyah (Zein, 2005) ie religious
guarding (Hifdzu Ad Din) which poured in religious
program in CSR, then soul guarding (Hifdzu An
Nafs) poured in program (Hifdzu Al Aql) is set forth
in the educational program, and hereditary care
(Hifdzu An Nasl) set forth in the health program, as
well as the treasure (Hifdzu A Maal) set forth in the
form of an economic program.
Islamic CSR management can be summed up as a
management based on the fulfillment of rights that
include the fulfillment of religious rights, the right to
education, the right to health, offspring, and the right
to get justice and economic prosperity in which there
are no conflicting elements with the shari'a of Islamic
law.
3 METHODS
The method in this discussion is the library research
(research library), which is an attempt to obtain the
necessary data or information and analyze a problem
through the sources of literature, researchers using
literature study or library research is intended to
obtain and review theories related with the topic and
at the same time serve as the foundation of the theory
As a research that is a critical analysis of the
results of a thought that is poured in a book to be
referred to as the development of concepts for a
method, this study uses a phenomenological approach
that means researchers trying to understand the
meaning of events and their links to ordinary people
in the situation certain. And also historically, that is a
critical inquiry into the circumstances, developments,
and experiences of the past and consider carefully
enough and carefully about the evidence of the
validity of the source of history and in providing
interpretation.
Source of data used in this research obtained from
library materials is in the form of primary data source
and secondary data source, that is as follows: first
Primary data source meaning data obtained directly
from research subject by using direct data retrieval
tool on subject of information in the primary source
of data in this study includes books or articles of
expert thoughts on Civil Society and Management of
Corporate Social Responsibility and the concept of
Maqashid Al Shariah. Second Sources of secondary
data means the data obtained from other parties, not
directly from the subject of his research, but can
support or relate to the theme raised.
Next is the process Data collection is a systematic
and standard procedure to obtain the necessary data,
in this case there will always be a relationship
between data collection techniques with research
problems that want to solve. data collection is nothing
but a process of data procurement for research
purposes.
The way of collecting data in this study,
researchers using documentary techniques,
documentary techniques is a way of collecting data
through written relics, such as archives, propositions
or laws and others related to research problems.
After data collection process next is Data
Analysis. In the data analysis, the researcher uses
descriptive method of analysis that is, an attempt to
collect data and compile data then cultivated the
analysis and interpretation or interpretation of the
data In this case is intended to get a conclusion about
how the opinion of experts about the concept of civil
society and the management of Corporate Social
Responsibility based on Maqashid Al Shariah to
companies in Indonesia.whether the existing
management Social Responsibilty already in
accordance with the guidance in Islam (Sharia) or not.
And then whether the management of Corporate
Social Responsibility has a share in the formation of
civil society.
Management of Sharia Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as a Community Establishment for Civil Society
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4 FINDING
Findings in this discussion include; First: The concept
of civil society is actually a concept of Western-style
Civil Society in "Islamization" although some argue
that it is actually the concept of Civil Soceity that
mimics the concept of Islamic civilization in the time
of the Prophet Muhammad SAW but the concept is
only developed by western thinkers. such as what is
conveyed by Anwar Ibrahim, Nurcholis Madjid,
Naquib Al Attas and other Islamic experts who in
general is a society that leads to the values of
civilization, the society that lays the principles of the
basic values of a harmonious and balanced society.
Second: Management of Islamic CSR is a
management based on the fullfilment of the five basic
rights (usulul khamsah) covering the fulfillment of
religious rights, the right to get education, the right to
obtain health, offspring, and right to get justice and
prosperity economically which in the management is
not there are elements that are contrary to the shari'a
of Islamic law.because further according to Chapra
(2000), the purpose of sharia is to improve the better
life of all mankind.
In the context of corporate social responsibility
management at least There are five objectives that
must be obtained in the implementation of the
program that is consistent with the goal of sharia,
namely through the protection of faith or religion
(din) ie freedom in implementing faith and religion of
each individual with programs related to the
implementation of worship development of worship
facilities for stakeholders then the protection of the
soul (nafs) in fulfilling all the desires that are positive
and not interfere with other individuals that is with
the increase of security and comfort, then the
improvement of intellectual (aql) that is the freedom
to get education and the provision of training, and
nasl care freedom in the continuity of family ancestry
and honor manuisa by providing health insurance and
old age pensions, as well as the maintenance of
property (maal) that get and ease in managing
property establishing cooperatives, banks or services
sipan lending to the company's stakeholder.
Third: Proper management of CSR can certainly
strengthen or increase the accumulation of social
capital in order to improve the welfare of the
community. And in the Muslim community, the
Islamic CSR management will be able to encourage
the creation of a just and prosperous society in the
perspective of Islam and by raising a sense of justice
and welfare for the community will create awareness
of the importance of the Brotherhood, Equality,
Tolerance, Deliberation, Justice social, Mutual
counseling, and Balance as a hallmark of civil
society.
5 CONCLUSIONS
The conclusion in this discussion is corporate social
responsibility is an obligation for every company as
its responsibility to society and environment which
obligation is contained in UU no 47 year 2007 about
PT. then the management of corporate social
responsibility should be implemented properly and
correctly and should be in accordance with the
guidance of Islam (sharia) as a guarantee of its
usefulness in accordance with the goals of Islamic
sharia (Maqashid Al Shariah).
Management of corporate social responsibility in
Islamic is the management of corporate social
responsibility based Maqashid Al Shariah is a
management that aims at the fulfillment of human
rights according to sharia objectives of religious
rights, guarding rights and the fulfillment of
psychiatric needs, the right to obtain education and
improving intellectuality, , and economic and welfare
rights that all such rights can be fulfilled by the
company as a form of its social responsibility to the
stakeholder and the wider community.
With the fulfillment of the rights above, the
society will be able to feel the welfare that they expect
and will eventually be able to make them a civilized
society in accordance with the concept of civil society
or civil society ie people who want to deliberate,
social justice, mutual counseling, uphold the sense of
brotherhood, equality rights, and tolerance.
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