Volleyball Smash Skills
Dindin Abidin
Study Program of PJKR, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Universitas Islam 45 Bekasi, Jl. Cut Meutia No. 83,
Margahayu, Bekasi, Indonesia
Keywords: Weight Training, Active and Passive Recovery, Eye-Hand-Leg Coordination, Smash Skill.
Abstract: This study aims to determine the effect of weight training method with active and passive recovery and eye-
hand-leg coordination towards spike skill. The experimental method used the 2x2x2 factorial design. The
research samples were 80 students of PJKR UNISMA Bekasi. The data were analyzed by ANAVA and
Tuckey tests. The result are; 1) Weight training super set system (WTSSS) is better than weight training set
system (WTSS), 2) There is interaction between weight training, coordination and recovery, 3) WTSSS is
better than WTSS on high coordination with active recovery, 4) WTSSS is better than WTSS on low
coordination with active recovery, 5) WTSSS is better than WTSS on high coordination with passive
recovery, 6) WTSSS is better than WTSS on low coordination with passive recovery, 7) There is difference
of results between active recovery and passive recovery, 8) There is difference of results between active
recovery and passive recovery on WTSSS with high coordination group, 9) There is difference of results
between active recovery and passive recovery on WTSS with high coordination group, 10) There is
difference of results between active recovery and passive recovery on WTSSS with low coordination group,
11) There is difference of results between active recovery and passive recovery on WTSS with low
coordination group.
1 INTRODUCTION
Volleyball is one of the popular sports and loved by
the people of Indonesia. It should have reached
better achievement again, so there is a need for a
more optimal coaching. Persatuan Bola voli Seluruh
Indonesia (PBVSI) as the parent of volleyball
organization in the country must learn from the
current position, then immediately performs a large
and very complex coaching. The demands from
public for achievements from volleyball is higher
and adds to the burden in the coaching efforts.
Such a disappointment that the current
achievement of the men's and women's volleyball
team is left behind by Thai team. In fact, our
women's team is far behind Thailand’s. As we can
see at the 27th Sea Games, which just passed in
2013 in Myanmar, Indonesia couldn’t defeat
Thailand in the final, so the men's team could only
win silver medal, and the women's team could only
win a bronze medal. This means that this result did
not improve from the 26th Sea Games in Jakarta-
Palembang in 2011. Although it was held at home,
Indonesian volleyball performance is not so different
with the achievement of UNISMA Bekasi students,
in which in 2011, the volleyball team of UNISMA
Bekasi students achieved the 1st Winner of National
Inter-Universities competition. Some of their players
joined PON JABAR and JATENG teams, and
represented Indonesia in Malaysia for
SUKMALINDO in 2012. However, along the way,
such achievement decreased through the year of
2015 where there were very few achievements on
national level. This issue must be addressed so that
the achievement that has been carried by the
volleyball team can be achieved again, just like the
glory in the year of 2011.
Based on the observation of the author when
watching the volleyball team of UNISMA Bekasi
students in Bandung directly, during the match
between students among KOPERTIS Region IV
West Java, the team only achieved the 2nd position.
During said competition, the smash hits were easily
blocked and not as strong and sharp as previous
players. Although the new team players were
supported by some old players, it looks like the new
players have weaker smash. Therefore, the author is
interested to conduct research on smash particularly,
because in the volleyball game, scores are mostly
gained from the smash.
A correct mastery of basic volleyball techniques
is a target of coaching. According to Dieter
Beutelstahl, there are six basic techniques that must
Abidin, D.
Volleyball Smash Skills.
In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education (ICSSHPE 2017) - Volume 1, pages 139-143
ISBN: 978-989-758-317-9
Copyright © 2018 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
139

be mastered by the volleyball players, including; (1)
Service; (2) Dig; (3) Volley; (4) Smash/Spike; (5)
Block; (6) Defense. (Dieter Beutelstahl, 2008).
From six techniques mentioned above, based on
observations in every volleyball game, smash
technique is a technique that is often used to
generate scores. In every volleyball game, more than
50% of the achieved scores are the results of smash
technique. When analyzed, almost all teams
currently applies the "Power game" type in
volleyball game. This type is the type of attack with
the hope in a short time the ball fall on the
opponent's field (Yudiana, 2013). We can see the
service alone can be used to attack. Not a few
players do jump service, in which this technique is
like doing smash. This type of "power game" is
strongly supported by the muscle‘s explosive power
component, especially when performing very hard,
fast, and precise smash techniques on the intended
target.
There are several weight training systems,
among others; System Set, Super Set System, Split
Routines, Multi Poundage Method, Burn out and
Pyramid System.
As for other weight training forms that are used
to train muscle‘s explosive power for volleyball
athletes which are very supportive to smash ability,
are: wrist curl to train the wrist muscle towards
flexion, two arm curl to train biceps muscle, pull
over to train the chest muscles, sit up to train the
abdominal muscles. For the development of muscles
to be "balanced," the antagonist muscles should be
trained like protogonic muscles. Such forms of
exercise are reverse wrist curls, to train the wrist
muscles towards the extension, triceps stretch to
train the triceps muscles, the shoulder muscle
training press, and back up to train the back muscles.
Of all the exercises mentioned above, weight
training system set and super set system were used.
(Hamilton, 2011)
Repetitive exercises given to the group in form
of super-set system load training and weight-bearing
system sets will increase the body fatigue rate due to
the accumulation of metabolic remnants such as
lactic acid in the body and reduced muscle energy
reserves. Therefore, there must be a way to
accelerate the discharge of lactic acid, i.e. by resting
in each set of weight training, both active and
passive rest. (Brooks, 1996)
Coordination is the ability to perform movement
or work precisely and efficiently. Coordination
states harmonious relation of various factors that
occur in a movement. (Widiastuti, 2015)
The smash skills performed by a volleyball
player must have a harmony of footwork while
jumping, upper and lower arm muscles, and hands
towards the intended target, in which the
coordination refers to the eye, hand and foot
coordination. (Ma’mum, A. & Subroto, T., 2001)
Based on the description above, it is necessary to
do a more in-depth study using weight training, rest
and coordination of the results of volleyball smash
skills.
2 METHODS
For the analysis purposes, blocks of diagrams are
required. Each block contains the same subject and
is homogeneous. Therefore, the design in this study
is the factorial experiment design in block design,
since the experimental units within the blocks are
relatively homogeneous and many experimental
units within a block are equal to many of the studied
treatments. (Sudjana, 2005). The method used in this
research is experimental method with 2x2x2
factorial design.
Table 1: Factorial Design 2 x 2 x 2.
Method
Exercise
Coordination
Weight training Super
system set (A1)
Weight Training
System Set (A2)
BreakActiv
e (C1)
Passive
Break (C2)
BreakActi
ve (C1)
Passi
ve
Brea
k
(C2)
Coordination
High Alarm
(B1)
A1 B1C1
A1 B1C2
A2 B1C1
A2
B1C2
Low
Coordination
(B2)
A1 B2C1
A1 B2C2
A2 B 2
C1
A2
B 2
C2
Population amounted to 172 people. Samples
were 148 people, using purposive sampling
technique. To measure the results of volleyball
smash skills using the instrument prepared by the
researcher, to know the reliability of the smash
achievement skills test, there was process of
correlating the first test and the second test (test-
retest), while the test result of the achievement
smash reliability is 0.97 while the test validity skill
achievement smash was 0.98. The test results of
Eye-Foot-Foot Coordination Reliability is 0.97
while the Validity of the Eye-Foot-Foot
Coordination test is 0.99. The validity of this
instrument is searched through the “Correlation
ICSSHPE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education
140

With Criterion” technique. This test was consulted
with 7 experts in the field.
Analysis of research data using variants analysis,
if there is difference, will be continued with Test-
Tukey. The normality test concluded that the
research sample came from population with normal
distribution, while the homogeneity test results
concluded that the eight data sets tested came from
populations with homogeneous variants.
3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
From the first hypothesis, it can be concluded that,
overall, there are differences in the results of the
Volleyball Smash Skill between Super Set System
Load Exercise (A1) and the System Load Set
Exercise (A2). Tukey test results are as follows:
Table 2: Results of First Hypothesis Testing.
Compared
groups
Absolute
price
difference
Mean
Sig value
The
value
of α
Information
A1 with A2
14,034
0,000
0.05
Significant
In the testing for the second hypothesis, there is
an interaction effect between weight training,
breakthrough coordination (ABC) on the results of
Volleyball Smash Skill.
From the data calculation result, it was obtained
that the value of Sig (ABC) was equal to 0,009 <
value of α = 0,05. Thus, Ho was rejected. This
indicates that there is a very significant ABC
interaction effect between the Weight Training (A),
Coordination (B) and Rest (C) on the results of the
volleyball smash skills.
Table 3: Results or Third Hypothesis Testing.
Compared groups
Absolute
price
difference
Mean
Sig value
The
value
of α
Information
A
1
B
1
C
1
with
A
2
B
1
C
1
19,221
0.00
5
0.05
Significant
It can be concluded that the super set system load
training (A1) is better when compared to the system
load training set (A2) in the active high-coordination
student group break (B1C1) on the volleyball smash
skill results.
Table 4: Results of Fourth Hypothesis Testing.
Compared
groups
Absolute
price
difference
Mean
Sig
value
The
value
of α
Information
A
1
B
2
C
1
with
A
2
B
2
C
1
18,525
0.007
0.05
Significant
It can be concluded that the Super Set System
Load Set (A1) is better when compared to the
System Load Set Exercise (A2) in the active low-
coordination student group (B2C1) on the results of
the volleyball smash skills.
Table 5: Results of Fifth Hypothesis Testing.
Compared
groups
Absolute
pricedifference
Mean
Sig
value
The
value
of α
=
0.05
Information
A
1
B
1
C
2
with
A
2
B
1
C
2
9,903
0.048
0.05
Significant
It can be concluded that the Super Set System
Load Exercise (A1) is better when compared to the
System Load Set Exercise (A2) of the High Passed
Break Coordination Student Group (B1C2) on the
results of the Volleyball Smash Skill.
Table 6: Results of Sixth Hypothesis Testing.
Kelompok
yang
dibandingkan
Selisih harga
mutlak
Rerata
Nilai
Sig
Nilai α
Keterangan
A
1
B
2
C
2
dengan
A
2
B
2
C
2
8,486
0,006
0,05
Signifikan
Can be concluded that the super-set system load
exercise (A1) is better when compared to the system
load training set (A2) in the low passive passive
coordination student group (B2C2) on the volleyball
smash skill results.
Volleyball Smash Skills
141

Table 7: Results of the Seventh Hypothesis Testing.
Compared
groups
Absolute
price
difference
Mean
Sig
value
The
value of
α
Information
C
1
with
C
2
24.418
0,000
0.05
Significant
It can be concluded that overall active rest is
preferable when compared with passive rest on the
results of volleyball smash skills.
Table 8: Results of the Eighth Hypothesis Testing.
Compared
groups
Absolute
price
difference
Mean
Sig
value
The
value
of α
Information
A
1
B
1
C
1
with
A
1
B
1
C
2
28,139
0,000
0.05
Significant
It can be concluded that Active Break (C1) is
better when compared to Pass Pass (C2) on High
Coordination Student Weighted Coordination
Student Group (A1B1) on the results of Volleyball
Smash Skill.
Table 9: Results of the Ninth Hypothesis Testing.
Compared
groups
Absolute
price
difference
Mean
Sig
value
The
value
of α
Information
A
2
B
1
C
1
with
A
2
B
1
C
2
18,821
0.006
0.05
Significant
It can be concluded that active rest (C1) is better
when compared to passive rest (C2) in the student
group of high-coordination system set workload
(A2B1) on the results of volleyball smash skills.
Table 10: Results of Tenth Hypothesis Testing.
Compared
groups
Absolute
price
difference
Mean
Sig
value
The
value
of α
Information
A
1
B
2
C
1
with
A
1
B
2
C
2
30,376
0,000
0.05
Significant
It can be concluded that active rest (C1) is better
when compared to passive rest (C2) on the Student
Group of Low Coordination Set System (A1B2) on
the results of volleyball Smash Skill.
Table 11: Results of Eleventh Hypothesis Testing.
Compared
groups
Absolute
price
difference
Mean
Sig
value
The
value
of α
Information
A
2
B
2
C
1
w
ith
A
2
B
2
C
2
20,337
0.002
0.05
Significant
It can be concluded that active rest (C1) is better
when compared with passive rest (C2) on the
Student Group of Weight Training of Low
Coordination Set System (A2B2) on the results of
volleyball Smash Skill.
4 CONCLUSIONS
From the results of hypothesis testing and discussion
of the research results, it can be concluded that for
volleyball smash skills, super-load system load
training is better than the system load training set,
super-load system load training is better than the
system load training set at high coordination with
active breaks, super load system training set is better
than on the system load training set at low
coordination with active breaks, super load system
training set better than the system load training set at
high coordination with passive break, super load
system training set better of the system weight
training sets at low coordination with passive breaks.
There is a difference in the results of volleyball
smash skills between active breaks with passive
breaks in groups of students training super high load
set coordination system, weight training system set
of high coordination, super low load system
coordination set training, active break with passive
breaks in the group of students weight training
system set low coordination.
REFERENCES
Amung Ma’mum & Toto Subroto. 2001. Pendekatan
Keterampilan Taktis DalamPermainan Bola voli
Konsep & Metode Pembelajaran. Direktorat Jenderal
Pendidikan Dasar dan Menengah Bekerjasama
Dengan Direktorat jenderal Olahraga. Jakarta:
Depdiknas, 2001
Beautelstahl, Dieter. Belajar Bermain Bolavoli. Bandung:
CV Pionir Jaya, 2008.
Brooks, G. A., Fahey, T. D., White, T. P. 1996. Exercise
physiology: Human bioenergetics and its applications
(No. Ed. 2). Mayfield publishing company..
ICSSHPE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Sports Science, Health and Physical Education
142

Hamilton, N. P. 2011. Kinesiology: scientific basis of
human motion. Brown & Benchmark.
Sudjana. 2005. Metoda Statistika. Bandung: Tarsito
Widiastuti. 2015. Tes dan Pengukuran Olahraga. Jakarta:
PT Raja Grafindo Persada.
Yudiana, Y., Subroto, T. 2013. Permainan Bolavoli.
Bandung: FPOK UPI.
Volleyball Smash Skills
143