Creative Economy Based on Community Education
Purnomo Purnomo, Achmad Hufad and Joni Rahmat Pramudia
Departemen Pendidikan Luar Sekolah, Universitas Pendidikan Indonesia, Jl. Dr. Setiabudhi No. 229, Bandung, Indonesia
Keywords: Creative Economy, Entrepreneurship Independence, Community Learning Activity Center (PKBM).
Abstract: This study explains that village entrepreneurship has now become a promising business prospect. The
potential and abundance of natural resources available in rural areas make it a distinct support for business
actors to concoct resources creatively. Community creativity in creating innovative products will add value
and competitiveness. Therefore, business actors need to be assisted in creating new ideas in increasing their
value added products through the process of assisting village entrepreneurship. This research applies
qualitative method of case study, conducted in three locations namely PKBM Ash-Shoddiq West Bandung
regency, PKBM Bhakti Pertiwi Regency Bandung, and PKBM Bina Sejahtera Subang Regency, as
community education institution which is domiciled in rural and develop some program of economic
empowerment of village . The results show that the formation of creative space is needed to stimulate the
emergence of creative ideas, because humans who are placed in a conducive environment will make the
creative products of economic value. The implication of this research is that community education has a major
contribution to improving rural economy, community education as a solution to build people's creativity.
1 INTRODUCTION
Globalization brings about the impact of change in
many areas of life in the world. One of which is the
economic field. The world economy continues to shift
as technology advances and human thinking. It is
currently known as the era of creative economy.
UNESCO (2013) defines creative economy as an
activity of creating original knowledge, products and
services, as a result of its own work (Anggraini, N.,
2008); (Potts, J., Cunningham, S., Hartley, J., and
Ormerod, P., 2008); (Galloway, S., and Dunlop, S.,
2006); (Sternberg, R., 2017); Towse, R. (2010).
Based on the understanding of the creative economy,
of course, each individual has the same opportunities
to be able to create works that have value to sell. This
will lead to industrial competition, where the
individuals who will survive are the innovators who
are reliable in finding opportunities.
The result of BPS Survey (BPS) with BEKRAF
(Badan Ekonomi Kreatif) in 2015 shows that the
creative economy sector contributes 7.38% or 852
trillion rupiah to total national economy. While from
the aspect of employment shows that the creative
economy has absorbed 13.90% workforce of 15.9
million inhabitants. The number is greater than the
previous year. West Java Province was selected by
the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) and the
Creative Economy Agency (BEKRAF) as one of the
objects of the Special Economic Survey (SKEK) with
four other provinces (North Sumatra, DI Yogyakarta,
East Java and Bali). The election of these five
provinces as sample samples with excellent creative
economic growth. Furthermore, the SKEK results
reveal three sub-sectors that excel in creative
economy in West Java namely, fashion, culinary and
craft. (Tempo, 2017).
The development of a good creative industry in
West Java is certainly born from the support of
development from various parties, both government
and non-government organizations. One of them is
the role of PKBM (Community Learning Activity
Center) as an institution that organizes various
education programs in accordance with the needs of
the community itself with community empowerment
approach. PKBM as a unit of Outside School
Education (PLS) develops learning activities aimed at
improving the quality of communities designed
together, by and for the community (Miradj, S., and
Sumarno, S., 2014); (Wamaungo, J. A., 2010);
(Wamaungo, J. A., 2013); (Auladi, I. R., 2013);
(Maeliah, M., 2010).
PKBM also has a function to develop skills based
on local potentials to encourage the creativity of the
Purnomo, P., Hufad, A. and Rahmat, J.
Creative Economy Based on Community Education.
In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Educational Sciences (ICES 2017) - Volume 2, pages 115-120
ISBN: 978-989-758-314-8
Copyright © 2018 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
115

community to be known to characterize its territory
by maintaining local culture. This research
formulation examines the development of rural
industry based on community education, which is the
contribution of PKBM in developing rural potency to
be more productive and competitive. Several other
studies have discussed the position of PKBM in
empowering rural communities. (Zhang, W., 2011);
(Sharma, T. N., 2015); (Vollmann, W., 2013); (Hasbi,
M., 2013); (Yuriani, K. K., and Sampurno, Y. G.,
2010).
This research describes the position of
Community Learning Center (PKBM) in developing
the creative economy based on rural industry. The
study was conducted in three locations, namely
PKBM Ash-Shoddiq West Bandung regency, PKBM
Bhakti Pertiwi Bandung Regency, and PKBM Bina
Sejahtera Subang Regency. Each area of Pagerwangi
Village, Cimenyan Village and Ciseupan Village is a
rural area. All three PKBM are located in highland
areas that have a fertile texture of land, so that the
majority of the population livelihood as the owner of
agricultural land but not a few who become farm
laborers. The low educational background of the
community, even there are still illiterate people, the
majority of youths working in urban areas, while the
parents still maintain their daily life as farmers.
Figure 1: Number of Villager of Pagerwangi Village and
Cimenyan Village Based on Background of Education.
Graph 1 above shows that the educational
background of the population of the two villages is
only SD (Pagerwangi), 1478 (56%) and Cimenyan
Village 6,822 (78%). (West Bandung Regency BPS,
2016); Bandung District BPS, 2016). The area of
PKBM Bina Sejahtera in Tanjungsiang sub-district
was the same, which amounted to 19,120 people
(43.37%) of elementary school graduates and 9,119
people (20.68%) of the population did not / had not
attended school at all. (BPS Kabupaten Bandung,
2016).
PKBM as a forum of community education
according to its mission is to strive to serve the
learning community in order to develop towards
improving the quality of life. PKBM organizes a skill
/lifeskills program to solve the problem. The
existence of PKBM as a driver of economic
empowerment, gives a satisfactory impact.
Government's support and cooperation with PKBM
stimulates the community to form a Sustainable
Business Group that produces local products to date.
Based on several studies of researchers on poverty
alleviation through community empowerment
(Sutikno, S., Soedjono, E. S., Rumiati, A. T., and
Trisunarno, L., 2015); (Hufad, A, Jajat, Purnomo);
(Saludung, J., 2012); (Abidin, M. Z., Siswoyo, B. B.,
and Rahayu, W. P., 2016); (Wijayanti, DT, and
Artanti, Y. (2017), indicates that assistance in
economic empowerment by non-formal organizations
has an impact on the attitudes and behaviors of the
community to increase self-reliance in
entrepreneurship The learners have shown their
confidence to open their own businesses. insight into
thinking and motivating people to learn to change for
the better.
2 RESEARCH METHODS
The approach used in this research is a case study
leather approach in 3 PKBM (Community Learning
Activity Center) namely PKBM Ash-Shoddiq West
Bandung regency, PKBM Bhakti Pertiwi Kabupaten
Bandung, and PKBM Bina Sejahtera Subang
Regency, with emphasis on emic, informants without
coercion from researchers. The data were collected by
interview, documentation and participant observation
(Moleong, L J., 2007). The informant of this research
is the learning community and program facilitator
from PKBM. The end result is depicted in the process
of developing a rural industry based on community
education.
3 RESULTS OF THE STUDY
3.1 Case of Industrial Development in
PKBM
PKBM Ash-Shoddiq in Pagerwagi Village together
with the community to cultivate the potential of the
area, namely cassava into kicimpring traditional food.
Cassava as the raw material obtained from local
farmers at a cheap price because it has established
partnerships. This kicimpring has become a down-
and-down processed that used to be enjoyed in
everyday life. PKBM accompaniment resulted
kicimpring with various variants of taste and various
new forms. This manufactured kicimpring product
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already has the identity of "Nugraha Rasa" and is
registered in BOM with halal certified. Its products
are sold with the cooperation of several stores and
utilize the internet media. In fact, the creativity of this
kicimpring effort has been published in television
shows and other printed publications. This shows that
the product has received high attention among the
community.
Figure 2: Transformation of Cassava into Product
Kicimpring Guided PKBM Ash-Shoddiq Pagerwangi
Village.
Unlike the previous product, the product built by
PKBM Bhakti Pertiwi Desa Cimenyan is still stage of
development. Citizens started their business by
producing rangining by utilizing raw materials of rice
and craftsmen who are average housewives.
Rangining has been there since ancient and is a
traditional food region. Initially residents produce
rangining for their own consumption, but now already
have a business group ready to receive product orders.
This business group has not conducted promotional
activities, just use the information mouth to mouth
only. Thus, the product is produced when there is an
order not ready stock. The rangining product was
marketed at the Sub-district exhibition, the Regional
Government exhibition, the Education Office's
exhibition and distributed to Saung Udjo.
Figure 3: Transformation of Rice Flour into Rangining
Guided PKBM Bhakti Pertiwi Desa Cimenyan.
Figure 4: Transformation of Sticky Rice into Opak Built
PKBM Bina SejahteraDesa Cibuluh
Furthermore, business products developed PKBM
Bina Sejahtera in Cibuluh Village together with
residents learn to produce traditional food Opak.
Traditional preparations are hereditary-based
glutinous rice, because it is easily obtained at an
affordable price. The traditional products have not
undergone any modification at all, materials and
shapes have remained to this day. This business group
usually receives orders for celebrations and big events
but those who order for resale purposes.
All three products are developed by PKBM by
utilizing local potentials available in the region.
Community empowerment program which is based
on populist economy, emphasizing that the potential
owned by society and the environment is the main
capital or resources, in order to form an independent
and creative society. Kicimprig, Rangining, and Opak
are traditional foods of West Java. Indirectly, the
development of industrial villagers who have been
fostered by PKBM has been keeping the traditional
food as local wisdom and superior product of West
Java.
3.2 Industrial Inhibiting Factors
Factors inhibiting the development of industry in the
three business groups namely capital affecting the
production process, distribution, and
commercialization. Production is still using
technology that has not been modern, such as cassava
grinder or dough printing equipment. The limitations
of the production equipment affect the speed of
production and the amount of product produced. As
for the drying process itself is still utilizing sunlight
so that the weather will affect the product production
process. As a traditional product, distribution permits
issued by the Food Control Board such as BPOM and
the Public Health Service do not have, but the patent
rights of the products are not made, but they are
important as evidence of cultural results.
Based on the observations of researchers, that
traditional products have its own charm, especially
for visitors who want to know the process of
traditional food production. Moreover, the village is
famous close to the tourist attraction in the Province
of Resilience, which is well known by local and
international tourists. However, the design and
promotion has not been well established between
industry doers and the government.
While the weaknesses themselves are first, the
lack of education of rural communities. Facilities of
educational facilities in rural areas are still low so that
the quality of human resources has not been well
developed. People need to be motivated to get a
Creative Economy Based on Community Education
117

quality education. Second, the lack of capital to
develop community enterprises. This is an obstacle in
the business, so it is only able to produce small scale.
Third, there is no institutional support for the
marketing of developed products, so the product is
difficult to develop.
3.3 Factors Supporting the Industry
The strengths that support the improvement of the
rural economy are First, Rural people have a
distinctive characteristic of society compared to
urban areas, still can be seen the attitude of tolerance
and mutual help that is often seen in everyday life.
Second, interest and entrepreneurial spirit is good
enough, with support from various programs from
PKBM, government and other institutions. The
people are already eager and have the courage to start
the business, thanks to the PKBM assistance.
Business that focus on the typical food products of the
region so as to preserve local cultural heritage. Third,
the population already has business groups in their
respective areas, so that they can share experiences
and solutions to problems. Fourth, the location of the
area is not densely populated and the availability of
clean water.
4 DISCUSSION
The product developed by PKBM consists of three
categories, namely a) the original product without any
development or modification, b) the product of
modification or development by adding or reducing
the component of production, thus becoming a new
product, and c) a new product of creativity or
innovation citizens learn to create a particular product
that is distinctive. PKBM position for these three
categories is to act as an initiator and mediator to
develop regional superior products.
The region's superior product is one of the
outcomes of a culture-based creative economy.
Culture-based creative economy can be the backbone
of the Indonesian economy that will affect the lives of
its people. Based on the results of the study, this can
be measured from contributions to GDP, job creation,
poverty reduction, and SME empowerment. (Honor,
E., 2010); (Rini, P and Siti C., 2010); (Purwaningsih,
E. (2010); (Marwanti, S., and Astuti, I. D. (2012); (RI,
J. K. L., 2012).
Culture-based creative economy products will go
fast if supported by the tourism sector. Both will be
mutually influential if managed well (Romarina, A.,
2016); (Ooi, Can-Seng., 2006); (Triardodo, S. and
Damanik, PJ, 2015) If viewed from the geographical
situation, the rural heritage has the potential of agro
tourism. The area of the hills with the livelihood of
the population comes from agricultural products and
plantations have the opportunity to become a tourist
attraction to come to visit.
The concept of tourism activities is defined in
three broad categories, something to buy (Yoeti, O.,
1985). The three categories are, creative economy can
be started with something to buy that is creating a
product that characterizes the region. Typical
products are already owned by the three villages
above, although still to be developed in order to have
more distinctive characteristics of the region. Further
development is in the category of something to see,
that is, the village attempts to arrange the place of
business so that the visitor can see the production
process of the produced product. This effort needs to
be supported by facilities and infrastructure that
support for the presence of visitors. Once the process
is achieved, then on the aspect of something to do,
visitors can actively participate in the production
process.
This creative economic development will be
better if the area has innovative products that are
competitive. This processed product will indirectly
involve individuals and business entrepreneurs who
come into contact with the cultural sector
(Suparwoko, 2010). PKBM as an institution that
accommodates community education will surely fully
support the development of creative economy. PKBM
needs to provide assistance to the community to
realize the creative economy. PKBM can organize
trainings to the community. PKBM can be a
community communication center in the progress of
the creative economy, a forum for sharing
information and formulating solutions with regard to
obstacles in the development of creative economy.
PKBM as an institution can also establish
partnerships with other institutions in terms of
marketing, as well as the collection of investments.
PKBM support is in line with the PKBM
philosophy in more detail as the center, activities,
learning, and society. First, the center that PKBM
becomes an easy place for people to communicate,
coordinate, and cooperate with various parties, both
PKBM and outsiders, such as Government, national
institutions, international institutions, and so forth.
Second, the activities that PKBM exists to organize
useful and quality activities for the local community.
Third, learn that PKBM organizes activities that can
improve the people's self-capacity for a better life.
Finally, the community that PKBM was created based
on the joint efforts of the community, by society, and
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for the community (Directorate General of PAUDNI,
2011); (Himayaturohmah, E., 2017); (Rizka, M. A.,
and Gustiana, D., 2015); (Irwan, S., Ahmad, H. D.,
and Fathin, D., 2016).
PKBM is very dependent on the needs of the
community that must be accompanied by the support
of government and other developer institutions to
continue to grow in supporting regional development.
Development is done will reduce the barriers in
economic and social life, such as lack of knowledge
and skills as well as lack of job opportunities.
Development of rural agribusiness can be an
alternative for future village development.
5 CONCLUSIONS
The era of entering creative economy, including the
village that has abundant natural potential also has its
own chances. However, limited human resources
make the opportunities smaller. Here, the role of
PKBM as a forum for community learning is needed
to jointly develop product creations that have their
own competitiveness. Lifeskills program has
motivated citizens to learn to be entrepreneurial with
products that characterize the region. The
development of this simple industry is a distinct
achievement for West Java, as it supports the
resilience of superior food products and local
wisdom.
However, in the development of business
certainly not running smoothly, many obstacles will
be faced. For the sustainability of these efforts, it is
necessary to establish cooperation and gain support
from various parties to protect the creativity of
business groups. Supporting the geographic location
of villages and human resources can shape the
development of more advanced villages.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Acknowledgments to the Institute for Research and
Community Service, University of Indonesia
Education and Ministry of Research and Technology
Higher Education Republic of Indonesia who has
funded this research.
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