Factors Affecting Lecturers’ Performance

Lilik Sri Hariani

Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang

liliksrihariani@unikama ac.id

Keywords: Attitude, discipline, circumstance, work performance.

Abstract: This paper examines the factors that affect lecturer performance. The purpose of this study to determine and

examine the influence of attitudes on the profession. Discipline and work environment on the performance of

lecturers. The research by using quantitative approach, the sample in this research is 51 people. The data were

collected by questionnaire. Analysis of data using SPSS statistics program computer version 22.0. The results

showed that attitudes in the profession, discipline, and work environment have a significant influence on the

performance of lecturers, either simultaneously or partially. It is advisable to the lecturer to constantly improve

the ability possessed and to the leadership of universities to provide rewards to the lecturers who have the best

performance, the lecturer's performance can increase.

1 INTRODUCTION

The performance of lecturers is the ability to carry out

the work that becomes the responsibility, namely in

the field of education and teaching, research, and

community service. The performance of lecturers will

have a major impact on the effective implementation

of education (Ali, 2015). The performance of

lecturers in the field of education is the ability to

apply the competence in carrying out their duties to

plan, apply learning and assess learning outcomes

(Kempa & Herenz, 2016).

The performance of lecturers can be influenced by

various factors, in this research the factors that are

suspected to affect the performance of lecturers are

attitudes toward the profession, discipline, and work

environment. Attitude is an internal situation that can

affect a person in performing activities or actions. As

things can affect one's actions, then attitude can foster

courage in doing something. A person's attitude is

related to the person's personality and the value he or

she believes. Attitudes are always concerned with

objects, and attitudes toward these objects are

accompanied by positive and negative feelings.

Attitudes to the occupational profession can cause

differences in one's performance (Trivedi, 2012;

Bhargava and Pathy, 2014). Work discipline is a

process of constructive development for an employee

with an interest because the discipline of work is

demonstrated in the action rather than the person.

Discipline is also an exercise process for employees

so that employees can develop self-control and to be

more effective at work. Work discipline can affect

employee performance (Apalia, 2017). Work

discipline can also increase employee productivity

(Arsyad, 2014). Work environment is a sphere in

which a person performs activities in his work. Work

environment is one factor that can support in the

creation of performance for employees. Basically

within the working environment it provides a certain

booster or reward in relation to individual needs. If

the individual needs can be met from a working

environment it will lead to a satisfaction in work.

Working environment conditions are said to be good,

if humans can carry out activities optimally, healthy,

safe, and comfortable. As a lecturer, the working

environment is inseparable from the social

environment or the interaction of the academic

community with the surrounding, the environment

related to the learning facilities, the environment

related to classroom layout, the environment related

to air temperature, and also the environment related

to noise or disturbing noise . In the world of work

environment education also affects the performance

of teachers (Affandi and Supeno, 2016)

Research on attitudes in the profession to the

lecturer performance important to do because of

previous research that the results have not been

consistent. In his research, Ahmed concluded that

attitudes toward students were at the lowest level

Hariani, L.

Factors Affecting Lecturers’ Performance.

In Proceedings of the 2nd Inter national Conference on Economic Education and Entrepreneurship (ICEEE 2017), pages 393-396

ISBN: 978-989-758-308-7

393

compared to teaching methods and teacher

characteristics (Ahmed, Maqsood, et al., 2012). Later

in his research Trivedi also concluded that, attitudes

to the occupational profession cause differences in

one's performance (Trivedi, 2012). Thus, the study on

the performance of this lecturer is expected to obtain

a profile of lecturer's performance at the University of

Kanjuruhan Malang (Unikama) as an improvement of

lecturer's competence.

2 METHODS

Research approach used in this research is

quantitative research, where quantitative method is

conducted to examine hypothesises taken by

measuring research variables with numbers.

Population of this research include all lecturers in

Faculty of Teacher Training and Education lecturers

in Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang. And the sample

was 51 people. The data were analyzed descriptively

and statistically. Descriptive analysis is used to

describe research’s variables. Statistical analysis was

used to examine hypothesis formulated in this

research. Hypothesis examination was processed by

using SPSS 22.00 for windows. All of the statistical

examination used significance level of 0.05.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The results of data processing to describe the

variables in the research presented in Table 1.

Table 1: Frequency distribution of research variables.

Categories

Lecturers’

Performance

Profession

Attitude

Work

Discipline

Work

Circumstance

Very Good

29,41%

23,53%

21,57%

Good

58,82%

50,98%

60,78%

49,02%

Enough

11,77%

19,61%

15,69%

29,41%

Bad

Very Bad

Total

100%

Source: Processed data prime

Based on Table 1 it can be explained: 1) that the

performance of lecturers within the Faculty of

Teacher Training and Education Universitas

Kanjuruhan Malang showed a very good performance

of 29.41% and 58.82% good, cumulatively 88.23%.

The results of this study indicate that lecturers have

good performance in implementing the Tri Darma

Perguruan Tinggi. 2) That attitude on profession in

the area of Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

in Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang shows a very good

attitude 28.41% and good 50.98%, cumulatively

80.39%. The result of this research shows lecturers

have good attitude on profession in the

implementation of duties along with the ability in

knowledge and enough experience. Profession as

lecturer can be understood well, that it supports

lecturers to work better. 3) That work discipline of

lecturers in the Faculty of Teacher Training and

Education in Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang shows

a very good work discipline 23.53% and good

60.78%, on cumulatively 84.31%. The result of this

research shows lecturers have good work

performance in implementing the duties. Work

discipline as lecturers can be understood well, that

supports lecturers to work better. And 4) that

lecturers’ work discipline in the Faculty of Teacher

Training and Education in Universitas Kanjuruhan

Malang shows a very good work discipline 21.57%

and good 49.02%, cumulatively 70.59%. The result

of this research shows lecturers have good work

circumstance which can be used to implement the

assignment. A good work circumstance will support

lecturers to work better.

Results of data processing using SPSS 22.00 for

windows obtained the results of the calculation

presented as Table 2:

Table 2: ANOVA

Model

Sum of

Squares

Mean

Square

Sig.

Regression

Residual

Total

423,420

125,207

548,627

141,140

2,664

52,981

,000

a. Dependent Variable: Lecturer Performance

b. Predictors: (Constant), Work Environment, Attitude to

the Profession, Discipline Work

Table 2 above shows the result or F

count

that is

52.981, the next for hypothesis examination, that

score is compared to F

table

on the level α = 0.05 free

ICEEE 2017 - 2nd International Conference on Economic Education and Entrepreneurship

394

degree (n-k-1) = 51-3-1 = 47 that is 3.305. Thus, F

count

(52.981) > F

table

(3.305)

or sig. 0.000 < 0.05 means Ho

is rejected (Ha is accepted) means attitude on

profession, work discipline, work circumstance

simultaneously give significant effects on lecturers’

work performance.

Table 3: Coefficients

Model

Unstandardized

Coefficients

Standardized

Coefficients

Sig.

Std.

Error

Beta

(Constant)

Attitude on

Profession

5,069

,208

5,442

,078

,241

4,931

2,673

,016

,010

Work

Discipline

,467

,134

,425

3,489

,001

Work

Circumstance

,455

,129

,360

3,536

,001

Table 3 above shows affected examination on

each of free variable, that is attitude on profession

), work discipline (X

), and work circumstance

). Submission was conducted by comparing t

count

with score on t

table

on the level α = 0.05 with free

degree (n-k-1) = 51-3-1 = 47 where t

table

= 2.086.

 Examination of attitude influence in profession

on lecturers’ work performance.

Based on the result of the analysis t

count

2.673 while t

table

is 2.086 or t

count

> t

table

with

significance 0.010 < 0.05 thus Ha is accepted

(Ho is rejected), it can be concluded there is a

significant influence between attitude on

profession and lecturers’ work performance in

the Faculty of Teacher Training and Education

Univeritas Kanjuruhan Malang.

 Examination of work discipline influence on

lecturers’ work performance.

Based on the analysis result t

count

is 3.489

while t

table

is 2.086 or t

count

< t

table

with

significance 0.01 < 0.05 thus Ha is accepted (Ho

is rejected), that can be concluded there is a

significant influence in work discipline on

lecturers’ work performance in the Faculty of

Teacher Training and Education Univeritas

Kanjuruhan Malang.

 Examination of work circumstance influence on

lecturers’ work performance.

Based on the analysis result t

count

is 3.536 and

table

is 2.086 or t

count

> t

table

with significance

0.01 < 0.05 thus Ha is accepted (Ho is rejected),

that can be concluded there is a significant

influence in work circumstance on lecturers’

work performance in the Faculty of Teacher

Training and Education in Univeritas

Kanjuruhan Malang.

Based on the results of data analysis performed

shows that attitudes on the profession, work

discipline, and work environment either

simultaneously or partially have a significant

influence on the performance of lecturers. The results

of this study indicate that there is a significant effect

of attitudinal variables on the profession on the

performance of lecturers Faculty of Teacher Training

and Education Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang,

meaning the better attitude on the profession the

better the performance of the lecturer concerned. As

a professional lecturer educator must always have an

attitude on a good profession. If the lecturer can show

a good attitude, then a person can be a role model for

his environment, that is how lecturers improve their

services especially services to students, increase their

knowledge, give direction and encouragement to their

students and how lecturers dress, talk, get along well

with students, as well as community members.

Work discipline is the ability of lecturers to

understand the rules and implement the right rules,

both in the process of teaching and learning in the

classroom and in relation to other activities.

Discipline for a lecturer is an integral part in carrying

out duties and obligations in implementing tri darma

high deviation. The results of this study in line with

the study concluded that there is influence between

work discipline depleted employee performance

(Iriani, 2010; Amran, 2010).

Work environment in a college is important to

note, because the work environment has a direct

influence on the lecturers in carrying out their work.

If the working environment conditions are good or

appropriate, then the lecturer can carry out activities

optimally, healthy, safe, and comfortable. Working

relationships between fellow lecturers and

educational personnel is needed in doing the daily

Factors Affecting Lecturers’ Performance

395

work. A good working relationship between one and

the other can increase morale for lecturers, where they

work together or help each other in completing tri

darma perguruan tinggi. The results of this study are

in line with the research conducted by Widodo, 2014;

Parlinda and Wahyudin, 2004); Tri Widodo, 2010).

4 CONCLUSIONS

Attitude on profession, work discipline, and work

circumstance have significant effects on lecturers’

work discipline in the Faculty of Teacher Training

and Education in Universitas Kanjuruhan Malang,

both simultantly and partially. Thus, to improve

lecturers’ work performance, the leader must guide

the attitude of lecturer as a profession, implement

work discipline, and create good work circumstance

for lecturers to support the achievement of

organization purpose. The leader can also give

chances or opportunities for lecturers to develop

potencies or skills they have. Besides, the leader

should also give reward and punishment by creating

a proper and objective system for lecturers, as a kind

of leader founding to lecturers.

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