BiPS – A Real-time-capable Protocol Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks

Dennis Christmann, Tobias Braun, Markus Engel, Reinhard Gotzhein

2016

Abstract

Distributed real-time systems present a particular challenge, because two key problems have to be solved during their development: First, deployed protocols must provide deterministic behavior to enable a predictable outcome. Second, the implementations of the protocols have to be in compliance with the stringent timing constraints stated by the protocols to ensure that their runtime behavior remains deterministic. This, particularly, requires an adequate isolation of time-critical protocols from less preferential applications installed on the same node. In this paper, we present the protocol framework BiPS, which tackles these challenges for wireless sensor networks and Imote 2 hardware platforms. Besides summarizing the various MAC protocols – both best effort and real-time-capable protocols – and operating system functionalities provided by BiPS, this paper presents comparative evaluations with TinyOS, a state-of-the-practice operating system for wireless sensor networks, and the real-time operating system RIOT. The results show that protocols realized with BiPS outperforms these solutions w.r.t. predictability of execution times, thereby providing evidence of the advantages of BiPS for real-time systems.

References

  1. Basmer, T., Schomann, H., and Peter, S. (2011). Implementation Analysis of the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Mobile and Wireless Networking (iCOST), Int. Conference on Selected Topics in.
  2. Braun, T., Christmann, D., Gotzhein, R., and Mater, A. (2014a). SDL Implementations for Wireless Sensor Networks - Incorporation of PragmaDev's RTDS into the Deterministic Protocol Stack BiPS. In System Analysis and Modeling: Models and Reusability - 8th International Conference, SAM 2014, Valencia, Spain, September 29-30, 2014. Proceedings, volume 8769 of Lecture Notes in Computer Science, pages 271-286. Springer.
  3. Braun, T., Gotzhein, R., and Kuhn, T. (2014b). Mode-based Scheduling with Fast Mode-Signaling - A Method for Efficient Usage of Network Time Slots. Journal of Advances in Computer Networks (JACN), 2:48-57.
  4. Christmann, D., Gotzhein, R., and Rohr, S. (2012). The Arbitrating Value Transfer Protocol (AVTP) - Deterministic Binary Countdown in Wireless Multi-Hop Networks. In Computer Communications and Networks (ICCCN), 21st International Conference on.
  5. Cunha, A., Koubaa, A., Severino, R., and Alves, M. (2007). Open-ZB: an Open-source Implementation of the IEEE 802.15.4/ZigBee Protocol Stack on TinyOS. In IEEE 4th Int. Conference on Mobile Adhoc and Sensor Systems, MASS 2007, 8-11 October 2007, Pisa, Italy, pages 1-12. IEEE Computer Society.
  6. Dunkels, A., Gronvall, B., and Voigt, T. (2004). Contiki - a lightweight and flexible operating system for tiny networked sensors. In Local Computer Networks, 2004. 29th Annual IEEE Int. Conference on, pages 455-462.
  7. Elyengui, S., Bouhouchi, R., and Ezzedine, T. (2015). LOADng Routing Protocol Evaluation for Bidirectional Data flow in AMI Mesh Networks. CoRR, abs/1506.06357.
  8. Farooq, M. O. and Kunz, T. (2011). Operating Systems for Wireless Sensor Networks: A Survey. Sensors, 11(6):5900-5930.
  9. Gilani, M. H. S., Sarrafi, I., and Abbaspour, M. (2013). An Adaptive CSMA/TDMA Hybrid MAC for Energy and Throughput Improvement of Wireless Sensor Networks. Ad Hoc Networks, 11(4):1297-1304.
  10. Glaropoulos, I., Vukadinovic, V., and Mangold, S. (2014). Contiki80211: An IEEE 802.11 Radio Link Layer for the Contiki OS. In High Performance Computing and Communications, 2014 IEEE 6th Intl Symp on Cyberspace Safety and Security, 2014 IEEE 11th Intl Conf on Embedded Software and Syst (HPCC,CSS,ICESS), pages 621-624.
  11. Gotzhein, R. and Kuhn, T. (2011). Black Burst Synchronization (BBS) - A Protocol for Deterministic Tick and Time Synchronization in Wireless Networks. Computer Networks, 55(13):3015-3031.
  12. Hahm, O., Baccelli, E., Günes, M., Wählisch, M., and Schmidt, T. C. (2013a). RIOT OS: Towards an OS for the Internet of Things. In INFOCOM.
  13. Hahm, O., Baccelli, E., Günes, M., Wählisch, M., and Schmidt, T. C. (2013b). RIOT OS: Towards an OS
  14. Harvan, M. and Schönwälder, J. (2008). TinyOS Motes on the Internet: IPv6 over 802.15.4 (6lowpan). Praxis der Informationsverarbeitung und Kommunikation, 31(4):244-251.
  15. Hauer, J.-H. (2009). TKN15.4: An IEEE 802.15.4 MAC Implementation for TinyOS 2. Technical Report TKN-08-003, Technical University Berlin.
  16. IEC (2010). Industrial Communication Networks - Wireless Communication Network and Communication Profiles - WirelessHART (IEC 62591 ed 1.0).
  17. IEC (2012). Industrial Communication Networks - Wireless Communication Network and Communication Profiles - ISA 100.11a (IEC 62734 ed 1.0).
  18. IEEE (2011). IEEE Standard 802 Part 15.4: Low-Rate Wireless Personal Area Networks (LR-WPANs). IEEE Computer Society, New York, NY, USA.
  19. ISO (2004). Controller Area Network (CAN), ISO 11898.
  20. ITU-T (2012). ITU-T Recommendation Z.100 (12/11) - Specification and Description Language - Overview of SDL-2010.
  21. Kopetz, H. (1997). Real-Time Systems - Design Principles for Distributed Embedded Applications. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  22. Koubaa, A., Alves, M., and Tovar, E. (2006). A Comprehensive Simulation Study of Slotted CSMA/CA for IEEE 802.15.4 Wireless Sensor Networks. In Factory Communication Systems, IEEE Int. Workshop on.
  23. MEMSIC Inc. (2013). Imote2 datasheet.
  24. Pereira, N., Andersson, B., Tovar, E., and Rowe, A. (2007). Static-Priority Scheduling over Wireless Networks with Multiple Broadcast Domains. In RTSS 7807: Proceedings of the 28th IEEE International RealTime Systems Symposium, pages 447-456, Washington, DC, USA. IEEE Computer Society.
  25. Rhee, I., Warrier, A., Aia, M., Min, J., and Sichitiu, M. L. (2008). Z-MAC: a Hybrid MAC for Wireless Sensor Networks. IEEE/ACM Trans. Netw., 16(3):511-524.
  26. Silva, R., Silva, J. S., and Boavida, F. (2009). Evaluating 6LowPAN Implementations in WSNs. Proceedings of 9th Conferncia sobre Redes de Computadores Oeiras, Portugal, 21.
  27. Sitanayah, L., Sreenan, C. J., and Brown, K. N. (2010). Emergency Response MAC Protocol (ER-MAC) for Wireless Sensor Networks. In Abdelzaher, T. F., Voigt, T., and Wolisz, A., editors, Proceedings of the 9th Int. Conference on Information Processing in Sensor Networks, IPSN, Stockholm, Sweden. ACM.
  28. TI (2013). CC2420 Datasheet. Revision SWRS041c.
  29. Wang, X. and Kar, K. (2005). Throughput Modelling and Fairness Issues in CSMA/CA-based Ad-hoc Networks. In INFOCOM 2005. 24th Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies. Proceedings IEEE, volume 1, pages 23-34.
  30. Ziouva, E. and Antonakopoulos, T. (2002). CSMA/CA Performance under High Traffic Conditions: Throughput and Delay Analysis. Computer Communications, 25(3):313 - 321.
Download


Paper Citation


in Harvard Style

Christmann D., Braun T., Engel M. and Gotzhein R. (2016). BiPS – A Real-time-capable Protocol Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks . In Proceedings of the 6th International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems - Volume 1: PEC, (PECCS 2016) ISBN 978-989-758-195-3, pages 17-27. DOI: 10.5220/0005938300170027


in Bibtex Style

@conference{pec16,
author={Dennis Christmann and Tobias Braun and Markus Engel and Reinhard Gotzhein},
title={BiPS – A Real-time-capable Protocol Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks},
booktitle={Proceedings of the 6th International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems - Volume 1: PEC, (PECCS 2016)},
year={2016},
pages={17-27},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0005938300170027},
isbn={978-989-758-195-3},
}


in EndNote Style

TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the 6th International Joint Conference on Pervasive and Embedded Computing and Communication Systems - Volume 1: PEC, (PECCS 2016)
TI - BiPS – A Real-time-capable Protocol Framework for Wireless Sensor Networks
SN - 978-989-758-195-3
AU - Christmann D.
AU - Braun T.
AU - Engel M.
AU - Gotzhein R.
PY - 2016
SP - 17
EP - 27
DO - 10.5220/0005938300170027