Migration Results to a Private Cloud by using the M2CCF

Abílio Cardoso

and Fernando Moreira

1,2

Institute for Legal Research and Departamento de Economia, Gestão e Informática, Universidade Portucalense,

Rua Dr. António Bernardino de Almeida 541, 4200-072 Porto, Portugal

IEETA, Universidade Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal

Keywords: Cloud Computing, Cloud Computing Adoption, ITIL.

Abstract: The cloud computing paradigm is transforming the way IT services are provided and consumed by changing

IT products to services. The migration of in-house IT services to cloud computing must be performed

carefully so as not to cause high losses in the institution. In this paper, we present the use of the framework

developed by the same authors, to the migration of services, applications, data and infrastructures to cloud

computing, M2CCF, compatible with Information Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL). The work also

discusses the results gathered from the real implementation of the framework in the migration of IT services

to a private cloud.

1 INTRODUCTION

A growing number of organizations is expected to

migrate their IT systems to cloud computing (CC)

(Tušanová, 2012). Conversely, the migration to CC

has a great growth potential with the current and

predicted total budget to be spent on its services

(Nkhoma and Dang, 2013). Indeed, there is few

literature available on the process and

methodological guidance on migrating existing

software systems to cloud computing (Chauhan and

Babar, 2011), namely because it is a new and

evolving field (Conway and Curry, 2013).

The difficulties organizations are faced with

when migrating their IT to CC, has started to gain

the attention of the research community with works

published on the topic such as (Ezzat, et al., 2011;

Khajeh-Hosseini, et al., 2011; Kumar and Garg,

2012). However, none of these works has presented

a systematic process, sufficiently detailed, in order

to be useful as a guide for IT managers throughout

the steps and decisions involved in a typical

migration to CC. Moreover, this work was also

triggered by the absolute need to improve research

in CC as well as in IT Service Management (ITSM)

identified by Robert Heininger (2012).

The migration to the CC paradigm by an

organization requires a deep understanding of the

institution IT as well as the dynamics of CC. By

other side, there is already an extensive set of

recommendations for IT management and IT

governance in general such as the Information

Technology Infrastructure Library (ITIL).

Accordingly, we developed the Migration to Cloud

Computing Framework (M2CCF) to support the

migration to CC which utilizes the information

gathered and the knowledge acquired with the ITIL

implementation.

This paper presents the results obtained after a

real migration, with the M2CCF, of University

Portucalense IT services to a private cloud.

The rest of the paper is organized as follows:

Section 2 presents the overview of the cloud

computing paradigm, its concerns and governance,

the ITIL framework and an overview of various

frameworks developed by other authors to support

the migration to cloud computing. In Section 3 is

presented the framework developed (M2CCF) and a

case study of a real implementation of the M2CC. In

Section 4 the results of the case study are discusses

and analysed. Finally, the paper concludes in Section

2 BACKGROUND

In this section is presented an overview of the CC

paradigm as well as ITIL, since, as we argue, it is a

companion of the M2CCF in the migration to cloud

computing.

Cardoso, A. and Moreira, F.

Migration Results to a Private Cloud by using the M2CCF.

In Proceedings of the 18th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (ICEIS 2016) - Volume 1, pages 95-102

ISBN: 978-989-758-187-8

2.1 Cloud Computing

The term “cloud computing” (CC) was coined in the

fourth quarter of 2007, in the context of a joint

project between IBM and Google (S. Zhang, Zhang,

Chen, and Huo, 2010). One definition recognized by

several authors, such as, (Foster, et al., 2008; Zhang,

et al., 2010), considered as being holistic (Swamy,

2013) and adopting a broad scope is the one

presented by The National Institute of Standards and

Technology (NIST). According to that definition the

CC is classified in four deployment models: public,

private, hybrid and community. Each of the

aforementioned deployment models is divided into

three layers (also known as service models),

according to the services it provides to the users

(Mell and Grance, 2011; Vaquero, et al., 2009).

These layers are, on the first level, Infrastructure as a

Service (IaaS), where the user can afford, upon

request, processor resources, storage and

networking, among others. On a second level, the

Platform as a Service (PaaS) layer allows users to

implement their applications in the cloud, by using

the programming languages and tools provided by

the cloud service provider. The third layer

corresponds to Software as a Service (SaaS), where

the applications, provided by the cloud provider, are

made available to the costumers.

The CC paradigm offers various advantages, such

as the ability to dynamically adjust the resources

according to the needs, a great scalability in resource

utilization, a reduced initial investment, an easy

access, but also has number of challenges that must be

overcome. Note however, that some of these

challenges are old but in a new scenario (Jansen,

2011). Among the challenges are issues such as the

security (Armbrust et al., 2009), the service

availability, the lack of knowledge on where is the

information stored, the retrieval of the information

(for instance at the end of contract or provider

bankruptcy), the lack of legislation (it is mandatory to

obtain appropriate legal advice) and the costs (the

issues are somehow similar to rent or buy a car).

2.2 ITIL

Enterprise activities increasingly rely on the

fundamental support of IT to sustain the growth of

the business. Amongst the IT governance

frameworks, ITIL gains prominence on the

migration to CC because, as stated by (Sahibudin, et

al., 2008), implementers should use ITIL to define

strategies, plans and processes, which are the key

actions to migrate to CC. Furthermore, ITIL is

chosen by its acceptance. Indeed ITIL is the most

widely adopted approach for IT (Mourad and Johari,

2014), with an acceptance of 28% followed by

COBIT with 12,9% (ISACA, 2011).

The ITIL is a de facto standard and the reference

model for IT management processes. This model was

developed by the English government for use in IT

companies, and was quickly adopted across Europe as

the standard for best practice in service delivery IT.

Published by the Central Communications and

Telecommunications Agency (CCTA) and, more

recently, the Office of Government Commerce

(OGC), ITIL provides a practical, no-nonsense

framework for identifying, planning, delivering and

supporting IT services to the business. Consisting of

a set of good practices, described over five volumes

known as Service Strategy, Service Design, Service

Transition, Service Operation and Continual Service

Improvement, ITIL is currently in version 3 (known

as ITILv3 and ITIL 2011 edition). Its last update

was in 2011, ITILv3 it has been rapidly adopted

throughout Europe as the de facto standard for best

practices in IT service delivery.

2.3 Migration to Cloud Computing,

Frameworks

Several authors investigated the migration to CC.

Accordingly, in this section, we expose a summary

of these works. More details and a comparative

study of these works can be found in (Cardoso,

Moreira, and Simões, 2014).

Among the works developed for migration to CC

is the work of Vivek Kundra ( 2011) that proposes a

decision framework for CC migration. Adela

Tušanová (2012) suggest a six step framework. Ali

Khajeh-Hosseini et al., in (Khajeh-Hosseini, et al.,

2010b), describe the challenges that a decision

maker faces when assessing the feasibility of the CC

migration in their organizations, and presents the

Cloud Adoption Toolkit, which has been developed

to support this process.

Ezzat et al. in (2011) proposes a framework

focused to support decision makers, in their

migration to CC, depending on their own business

cases and predefined issues. They view the

migration to CC under three perspectives, the

business, the technical and the economic ones. In

(Chauhan and Babar, 2011) the authors summarize

their practical experience by reporting the

information gathered when they migrated the

Hackystat open-source software’s framework, to the

CC. Patricia V. Beserra et al., in (Beserra, et al.,

2012) present Cloudstep, a step-by-step decision

ICEIS 2016 - 18th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems

process aimed at supporting legacy application

migration to the CC. The process was exemplified

with the migration of a medical commercial

application to the CC. The approach followed by

Frey et al. (2012), CloudMIG for migration to CC,

aims at supporting SaaS providers in the comparison

and planning phases to migrate enterprise software

systems to IaaS or PaaS based clouds. Banerjee in

(2012) addresses the migration to CC of enterprise

level workloads without redesigning or re-

engineering the existing applications. The

Innovation Value Institute (IVI) from the National

University of Ireland Maynooth (“Innovation Value

Institute (IVI),” n.d.) consortium to address the

issues involved in the CC migration developed and

tested a life cycle for systematically managing cloud

migration projects, the IVI Cloud Computing Life

Cycle (Conway and Curry, 2013).

According to the analysed documents, the

majority of the studied frameworks do not include

an initial step to define a strategy for the migration

of services to CC. Besides that, they do not address

risk management nor legal issues either, nor

analyses the impact of migrating services to CC.

Additionally, the contracts management, the vendor

lock-in, the testing of the achieved solution, the use

of good practices and the continual improvement of

the solution are other issues that are not covered by

the analysed solutions.

Notwithstanding each of the studied frameworks

offer a solution to migrate IT to CC, none of them

points a way to enforce that the actions developed to

complete each process (that make up the framework)

are managed, done appropriately and in an organized

way. To solve this, an IT governance framework,

such as ITIL or COBIT, could be used as a reference

to define each of the framework processes to achieve

the best solution for the organization.

3 MIGRATION TO CLOUD

COMPUTING

In this section we shortly present our M2CC

framework (Cardoso, et al. 2015), and discuss its

application on a real migration of IT services to CC

scenario.

3.1 Framework

In the outsourcing processes there is always an

interaction between IT’s service provider and the

customer. Accordingly, we have grouped the

activities of the M2CCF, into two major groups, the

on premise and the off premise, both aggregating the

activities that an organization has to perform when

migrating services towards the CC. These groups

match the key’s stakeholders of this process, that is,

the customers and the CSPs.

The on premise group embraces the activities

that the organization must solve on their own to

migrate services to the CC. Accordingly it consists

in four steps, “Define a strategy”, “Identify and

understand”, “Define, select analyse and map” and

“Migrate and govern”. On its side, the off premise

group encompasses processes to provide

“Information about cloud services” and the cloud

services. Before starting the process of migrating to

the CC, the organization must at first identify and

understand the business and technical issues, which

lead to a migration of services and applications to

the CC. Among these issues, there are cost savings,

agility and scalability offered by the CC. At the

“Define a strategy” process, the organization

comprehends the CC concept, identifies the reasons

why to migrate services to the CC and develop a

strategy plan. In the “Identify and understand”

process, the customer performs a full assessment of

the infrastructure, services, applications and data, to

perceive in full detail its IT, to identify what to

migrate and to later compare in-house versus CC

solutions. After comprehending his IT, the customer

is ready to define a migration’s plan in the “Select

analyse and map” process. Based on the information

of the earlier processes, on the migration plan and in

the information gathered from the CSPs, he chooses

the most appropriate suppliers for the migration.

A sub-process analyses and ponders the whole

information to produce the input to the “Map” sub-

process mapping out services to their cloud

counterparts or creating new ones. Lastly, in the

“Migrate and govern” process, the organization

migrates the selected services and applications to the

CSPs according to the defined migration’s plan. The

migration is performed with the joint participation of

the IT department, business, CSPs and with the

service integrator (where appropriated). This

migration may be phased, and there must be a

validation by the end of each phase, according to the

customer needs. Finally, the customer collects

information regarding the performance of the CSPs

and checks if they are in accordance as specified in

the contracts and the SLA.

3.2 Case Study

Taking into account, on the one side, the benefits

Migration Results to a Private Cloud by using the M2CCF

that the methodology of the case study expose in

investigating real life phenomena (Yin, 2003) and

for the other hand the prescription the same author

does of it, we consider the case study to be the

adequate choice of a methodological approach to

comprehend and validate the problem under the

research. In the subsequent paragraphs, a case study

of migrating services and applications to the CC

(developed at the University Portucalense Infante D.

Henrique - herein referred to as UPT, a typical

higher education institution) is presented. The aim of

this case study is to understand, explore and describe

the migration’s process to the CC under the

framework developed in (Cardoso et al., 2015) as

well as its relationship with ITIL.

The working methodology towards this case

study entailed a close monitoring of all stages

leading to the migration of services to the CC, the

participation in the decision-making process and the

intervention in the whole process of installing a

private cloud and on the migration of services to the

implemented environment.

All of the work in this case study took place in

accordance with the guidelines of the framework

developed. Thus, the UPT IT’s area starts the whole

process by defining the initial strategy with broad

outlines and guidelines for the whole process. This

phase is followed by the stage of identification and

understanding of all services, applications and data

in use by the UPT area of IT. This stage is vital to

establish a strong foundation of information for

pursuing the subsequent phases of the framework.

The next process, “Define, select, analyse and

map” begins by defining a migration’s plan, which

delineates all the details of the migration process

itself. Concomitantly, it runs the “Select providers”

sub-process where the proposals are analysed and

the suppliers that best fit the needs identified are

selected. Following these processes and according to

the information added so far, the team responsible

by the migration’s process analyses the aspects of

the solution and conducts, in collaboration with the

supplier, a test to the solution. The “Map” sub-

process follows near the end of this process. It is a

sub-process where the services’ applications and

data, defined to be migrated to the CC, and the

corresponding CC services are matched. The

migration’s process ends with the physical migration

of the selected services to the CC’s environment.

This process also includes a pilot test of the entire

solution as well as the training of actors and the

beginning of a continuous process of monitoring and

improvement of the solution as a whole.

3.3 Results Obtained

In technical terms the implemented solution

improved the operating conditions of the services

migrated to the private cloud. This improvement was

reflected at the level of management, which became

centralized and was carried out in a much more

automated way and the services provided require

now considerably less time in order to produce

results.

Based on the research developed and on the UPT

IT needs identified it was confirmed that the private

cloud is the best suitable solution. The tasks of the

M2CC framework were performed according to

ITIL. For every process of the M2CC’s framework,

we found out that ITIL has support, except in what

relates to the management of the IT’s staff.

4 DISCUSSION

To support the validation of the framework

developed, amongst other actions that are not within

the scope of this paper, a case study was

accomplished.

4.1 Migration Results

The findings of the case study indicate a close

relationship between the process identified in the

M2CC’s framework to migrate IT to the CC and

ITIL, although some aspects, like the management

of IT’s human resources and the project

management, are not covered by ITIL. All other are

sufficient to cover the demands of the M2CC’s

framework.

The first ITIL book, “Service Strategy”, provides

guidance on clarification and prioritization of

service provider investments in services. As such,

the major usage occurs is in the first two processes

of the M2CC’s framework – the first defining a

strategy and the second gathering information

concerning the current state of the in-house IT’s

infrastructure. The second book, “Service Design”,

aims to design appropriate and innovative services to

meet the business requirements. Hence, its major

usage is on the gathering information from the

current IT’s infrastructure and definition of the

services in the cloud. Hereinafter is the “Service

Transition” book, and as the name suggests, it takes

care of the transition of services, that is, builds and

deploys IT services. Its major usage, is in the

“Migrate and Govern” M2CC framework’s process,

which is the process that is responsible for the real

ICEIS 2016 - 18th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems

migration of services, applications and data to the

CC. This last process of the M2CC’s framework, is

also responsible for the services in the cloud

environment functioning and its improvement. As

such, the last of the ITIL books, “Service Operation”

and “Continual Service improvement” provides

major support to this process.

Despite the M2CC framework widely benefits

from ITIL, it is not required that the organization

previously implements ITIL so that it is able to

perform the migration to the CC. The team

responsible for the migration to the cloud may only

implement the necessary ITIL processes to gather

the required information or to manage some

processes. However, it should be pointed out that if

the organization already follows the ITIL

framework, the usage of the M2CC framework is

simplified.

The case study allowed us to validate the

framework developed and solve minor issues. For

example, the task “Test the solution in a controlled

environment” was added because of a practical

necessity by the time of the cloud’s implementation.

According to our study, the use of good practices to

implement the migration of services to the CC

benefits the organizations, mainly because they can

reuse the majority of the work performed by them

when deploying the good practices’ framework and

their results in the migration to the CC. Additionally,

when both the customer and the CSP have

implemented the same good practices, they have a

common language facilitating therefore their

communication.

To further, validate the results achieved, three

interviews were conducted with the UPT staff that

has a direct contact with the services migrated to the

private cloud.

4.2 Interviews

The first interview, done to 16 employees, is

intended to validate the tests performed in a

controlled environment to validate the details of the

achieved solution. The interviews questions and the

results are depicted on Figure 1

According to the results, the tests provide the

expected outcomes - the migration to the CC of the

selected services and applications was successful

and the technical difficulties were overcome.

Interview II was accomplished to evaluate the

perception of the staff directly affected by the

migration to the CC (a total of 16 interviews).

Taking into account the answers to questions, one,

two and three, of the conducted survey, see Figure 2,

we can conclude that 100% of the users consider that

the functionalities of the applications remains

unchanged and not suffer any access breaks during

the migration’s period.

In terms of access, the users also recognize that

there had been no change in accessing the

applications they already had. The previous and

detailed analysis of the applications used and the

users’ habits led to selecting a period for the

migration of applications that would have less

impact to the users.

This analysis was performed in the process of

“Identify and Understand” and reinforced in the

“Define, select, analyse and Map” particularly in

“Define a Migration Plan" for example in the access

definition.

Questions four and five refer to the

troubleshooting, equated in the initial phase of

implementation of the framework, in the process

“Define a strategy” when defining “Why move to

cloud”. It is widely spread view that the speed of

access to services has been improved and the

availability problems were solved. Some of these,

still felt by some users, are due to intermediate

servers that have not yet migrated to the new

solution, such as proxy servers.

Question six aims to assess the initial study of

the information that each application uses.

According to the feedback from the users, all the

information used by applications has been preserved

Figure 1: Interview I.

1. Was the outcome of the tests performed the

expected?

2. Has the access speed to the applications has

been improved?

3. Were there breaks in the applications

availability?

4. Were the accesses to the applications kept

unchanged?

Migration Results to a Private Cloud by using the M2CCF

1. Were the applications were migrated with the same

functionalities?

2. Were there were breaks in the application accesses at

migration time?

3. Were the accesses to the applications kept unchanged?

4. Has the access speed to the applications has been

improved?

5. Have the applications’ availability problems have been

solved?

6. Was the information migrated to the new platform was

complete?

7. Did your processes, dependent on migrated applications,

suffer any changes?

8. Were the applications chosen to be migrated to the cloud

were appropriate?

9. Was it important to maintain the existing applications?

10. Was it important to maintain the applications on the

premises of UPT?

Figure 2: Interview II.

The implemented solution allowed:

1. To improve the backup process?

2. To dynamically change the resources allocated to

machines?

3. To increase the service’s availability?

4. To improve the access speed to the applications?

5. To help you create new machines?

6. Decreasing the amount of time needed to create a new

machine and providingnew services?

7. To reduce the number of physical machines?

8. To reduce the consumption of electrical energy?

9. To turn on and off machines according to the

needs?

10. To create machines for testing and delete them

when they are no longer needed?

11. To generated new machines from a template?

Figure 3: Interview III.

in the new environment. This information was

collected in connection with the “Identify and

Understand”.

According to the answers obtained to questions

seven, eight and nine, we found out that the

migration did not cause any disruptions during

normal day-to-day of the users. These issues resulted

from the validation of processes “Identify and

Understand”, “Analyse and test” and “Migrate and

govern”, for example in gathering information about

services in the process “Identify and Understand”, in

analysing the impact on the sub-process “Analyse

and test” and in selecting applications to migrate

from sub-process “Define a migration plan”, namely

“What to move”.

Question 10 relates to the cloud type chosen in

the sub-process “Defines the migration plan”.

However, it also comprehends the security required

by the institution validated in the sub-process

“Define a migration plan”, with the risks discussed

in the sub-process “Analyse and test” and the sub-

process “Select the providers”.

Interview III, see Figure 3, aims to validate the

fact that the solution achieved encompasses the CC’s

technical advantages. This interview has showed that

the solution achieved includes various CC

advantages such as, the capacity to dynamically

change the resources of the machines, facilitate the

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Migration results

(16 respondents)

ICEIS 2016 - 18th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems

100

task of creating new machines, activate and

deactivate machines according to the needs and the

possibility of having templates to create new

machines based on a common configuration.

Moreover, the solution also solves some problems

found, such as improving the backup processes,

increase the service’s availability and the speed to

access these services.

5 CONCLUSIONS

IT managers are increasingly concerned in

minimizing investments; capitalize on investments

already made and the way the services are

performed to achieve greater productivity with lesser

costs. The CC is a paradigm that allows customers to

start new services or expand already existent ones

without requiring large upfront investments,

enabling customers to acquire and release resources

dynamically according to their needs in a pay-as-

you-go form. One of the main challenges facing the

migration to this new paradigm is the need to review

and to adapt the services and IT processes to operate

in the new paradigm. Another issue arises from the

difficulty of bringing services back to the

environment they had before, after they have

migrated to the cloud. One other issue occurs from

the costs involved in the migration. Therefore, the

migration to CC must be carefully planned and

performed. So, it is important to investigate how the

organizations can efficiently and effectively migrate

IT from the conventional model to CC.

Taking into account, the need to better meet the

user requirements with lower costs, the advantages

of the CC, the advantages of ITIL in managing IT

services (with its major acceptance and adoption’s

index compared with other service management

frameworks) and the possibility to use the

information gathered by ITIL, the work developed

examined the adequacy of ITIL in the migration of

traditional IT environments to CC. By creating a

framework to migrate services to CC and mapping

the processes of the framework to the ITIL

processes, we validate the applicability of ITIL to

the migration to CC.

Bearing in mind that there are some

interdependencies among the ITIL processes and

that implementing the whole ITIL is not an easy

task, we purpose, as a future work, to develop a

“mini-ITIL” to support the Small and Medium

Enterprises (SMEs) that have not implemented ITIL,

in the migration to the CC.

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