Application of Optical Communication Technology of User Access

Network

Xie Chunmao

School of Physics and Electronic Information, China West Normal University, Nanchong, Sichuan, 637000, China

Keywords: User Access Network, Optical Communication Technology, Optical Signal Multiplexing Technology.

Abstract: The development of information technology has brought human society with opportunities. The culture and

economy of human society has been developed in the information age. As one of the core techniques in

information age, optical communication technology applies exchange of optical and electrical signals to

achieve transmission, communication and sharing of information. User access network can realize

information transmission to users and make them enjoy the whole information services according to the

relations among service nodes. Optical communication technology is the main form of user access network

and the carrier of full-service development. It plays an important role in full-service broadband

communication.

1 INTRODUCTION

With the development of information transmission

technology, information can travel to the given

direction on optical fiber with the speed close to

light. The optical fiber is the key vehicle of

information transmission, and light carrier is the load

bearing of information. With the development of

information technology, more stable and convenient

combination of them has brought great opportunity

for human society. Optical communication

technology, invented in 1960s, has got great progress

after going through half a century. Optical signal

multiplexing technology is the core problem of

research of optical communication technology. At

present, wavelength division multiplexing

technology is the main application of optical

communication technology. In addition, frequency

and space division multiplexing techniques are

widely used in application of optical communication

technology.

2 RISE OF OPTICAL

COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY AND USER

ACCESS NETWORK

2.1 User Access Network and Optical

Communication Technology

As a huge network system including the main line,

wiring line and entrance line, user access network

bears transmission and carrying functions of

information. It is the carrier of information

communication among user network interfaces and

service nodes, as well as the network system for

connection among users and service provision

points. At present, user access network contains

cable, wireless and integrated networks. Optical

communication technology is the main form of cable

access network. Cable optical communication

technology applies the fiber to communicate. It is the

main form of user access network. Wireless optical

communication technology free space optical

communication (FSO) is widely used. Optical

communication technology provides the users with

full-service access network, so the users can enjoy

more convenient information network services.

198

Chunmao X.

Application of Optical Communication Technology of User Access Network.

DOI: 10.5220/0006022101980201

In Proceedings of the Information Science and Management Engineering III (ISME 2015), pages 198-201

ISBN: 978-989-758-163-2

2.2 Rise of Optical Communication

Technology

Optical communication technology, started in 1960s,

was blocked by disturbance of weather and

electromagnetic wave. It was brought to

commercialization by a revolution of WDM

technology in 1980s. Since 2000, optical

communication technology has made great progress

in optical transmission media, optoelectronic devices

and optical communication systems. Optical

communication technology plays an important role

in future economic development.

The development of optical communication

technology, as the inevitable trend of science and

technology progress, can meet the requirements of

full-service in access network transmission. Firstly,

rise of optical communication can promote

information communication of people, thus breaking

the technical limit. Secondly, with the development

of technology, the cost decrease of optical

communication provides users with convenient,

quick, economic and efficient access network

services, thus promoting communication industry.

Thirdly, optical communication technology, with

wide capacity and high speed, has been widely

applied in society of large communication and fast

life rhythm. Fourthly, information can be transferred

timely and accurately based on small loss and error

rate of optical communication technology.

3 COMPOSITION AND

TOPOLOGY STRUCTURE OF

OPTICAL ACCESS NETWORK

3.1 Composition of User Access

Network

Optical fiber is the main carrier of optical

communication. Fiber is applied to connect local side

with user side and form convenient and quick

information transmission, thus transferring

information resources to the user terminal devices.

At first, information source is transformed into

source encoding, and into channel encoding in

transmitting terminal. The transmitting terminal,

affected by electric signal, sends electrical signal.

Then, the light carrier travelling on fiber is received

in the receiving terminal. The source and channel

information is encoded to transform the light carrier

into optical signal. At last, the optical signal is

amplified to form electric signal for the users.

Optical detector plays an important role in

optical signal transmission. Fibers, as the

transmission medium of electric signal, consist of

single-mode and multimode ones. Light carrier is the

supporter of electric signal, with three generations of

wavelength. The first generation is the multimode

fiber with the wavelength of 0.85 pm; the second and

third are the hybrid of multimode and single-mode

fibers with a wavelength of 1.31 pm; the fourth is the

single-mode fiber with a wavelength of 1.55 pm. In

optical communication, the light carrier with longer

wavelength has less loss and higher efficiency in

transmission, thus providing services with higher

quality.

3.2 Topology Structure of Optical

Access Network

The main form of optical access network involves

bus, star and ring structures. Fiber is taken as the

common bus in bus structure. User access network is

achieved by direct connection with bus. Bus

structure can be seemed as canals (user connection

lines) derived from the same great river (common

bus). This structure, with little disturbance to users,

can flexibly expand services and save investment by

trunk fiber sharing. The largest disadvantage is that

the large dependence on trunk fiber and accumulated

loss can affect user access. In star structure,

information exchange is controlled by the central

node. With simple dilatancy, convenient updating

and large complex coefficient, this decoupling has

solved the accumulated loss and saved fiber number

and construction cost. The disadvantage is high cost

of initial construction and large dependence on

central node. Ring structure is a closed circuit

formed by a fiber, with the largest characteristic of

strong self-repair. Besides, tree and net structures

have potential in application in future.

4 APPLICATION OF OPTICAL

COMMUNICATION

TECHNOLOGY IN USER

ACCESS NETWORK

4.1 Application Situation of Optical

Communication Technology

Optical communication technology is an information

communication technique derived from application

of optical complex characteristics such as acousto-

optic effect, electro-optic effect, etc. Information is

resolved to the form of light carrier by technical

methods and transferred on fiber. After reaching the

user terminal, light carrier is transformed into

Application of Optical Communication Technology of User Access Network

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Application of Optical Communication Technology of User Access Network

199

information to achieve full information service of

communication. Fiber can be taken as sensitive

element for detection of physical quantity, thus

achieving overall, high speed and accurate

information transmission. It is widely used in fields

as the guidance of base network construction and

information communication. In application, optical

communication technology should be innovated to

improve technical methods for human service at first.

Then, the coincidence of optical communication

technology and user access network requirement

should be emphasized. Optical communication

should be deeply researched to improve application

potential and technology. In addition, feedback,

collection and analysis of user information should be

emphasized to meet the market requirement. At last,

optical communication technology is applied to build

a full service transmission platform of information

application for the connection of human society. This

plat form should be researched in security and

stability, thus proving users with quality full

information services.

4.2 Wavelength Division Multiplexing

Technology in Optical

Communication Application

As the most common optical communication

technology, Wavelength division multiplexing

(WDM) has been widely used in optical transport

and access networks. It applies WDM devices to

transfer optical carriers with different wavelengths

by one fiber. The advantage is to expand capacity of

the original cable for service development.

Meanwhile, transmission of electric signal is

invertible, and different demultiplexing and

multiplexing can be completed in one device, thus

enhancing flexibility of user access network and

transmission capacity. In addition, the transparent

data transmission by WDM is easy for detection,

with long transmission distance. The most common

is the multiplexing of waves with wavelengths of

1.31 and 1.55 pm. WDM is used to achieve

information transmission and full information

services. At first, the electric signals with different

wavelengths sent by transmitter (e.g., r

and r

) are

transformed into complex wave by multiplexer

(combiner) and transferred into fiber. Then, light

carrier is decomposed into electric signals (e.g., α

and α

) with different wavelengths by wave separator

and transferred to receiver in the receiving terminal.

At last, user terminal receives and applies

information by the receiver. With great advantages

and developed technology, WDM has been widely

used in user access network.

Networking mode of WDM application contains

ring, point-to-point and linear network. The

transmission capacity can be greatly improved based

on dilatancy. Dense wavelength division

multiplexing (DWDM) has huge capacity to expand

fiber transmission capacity to 8, 16 and 32 times. In

addition, with flexible networking, it can apply light

carriers with different lengths in different directions

to achieve bipolar transmission on one fiber and a

large number of data transmissions. Unpredictable

service of user access network can be solved.

Support of multi user and application can ensure

expansion of user access network. Firstly, WDM can

greatly decrease application cost of optical

communication technology. Ring network is

convenient for expansion and application of main

network. Secondly, waves with different

wavelengths can be integrated to transfer as the form

of complex wave by WDM, thus decreasing overload

devices and risks in transmission. The service can be

inverted to secure path by different wavelengths,

thus ensuring fast, reliable and safe full information

transmission. Consequently, application of optical

communication technology can be easily detected

and controlled.

4.3 Other Optical Communication

Techniques in Application

Frequency division multiplexing (FDM), as the

extension of WDM, is an optical technique derived

from frequency-wavelength relation of optical and

electric signals. The key of FDM frequency

division multiplexer requires high resolution. Optical

signals with different frequencies pass through

tunable filter to achieve information transmission by

coherent light communication technology. With

mature application and high complex coefficient, this

technique has been widely used in user access

network. Optical time division multiplexing

(OTDM) applied time differences of optical signals

on the same cable to spread information after

information transformation. The coordination of

devices and accuracy at high transmission speed are

researched for application. OTDM has the largest

advantage of huge capacity information

transmission. Optical signal processing at high speed

realizes convenient AON compatibility. In subcarrier

multiplexing (SCM) process, optical or electric

signal after frequency division is loaded by light and

modulated to transfer on fiber. The compatibility of

information data services is improved to strengthen

independence of signals and security of optical

communication in user access network application.

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4.4 Development of Fiber Techniques

in Optical Communication

Application

With the development of optical communication

technology, optical communication technology has

great space to develop in user access network.

Optical signal multiplexing technology realizes

electric information transmission with high speed,

large capacity and digitization. It is the one of the

key factors of fiber transmission capacity. As the

transmission medium, fiber is another key factor in

optical communication application. The wave band

of fiber should be expanded to satisfy optical signal

multiplexing technology, thus improving

transmission capacity. Fiber provides strong support

for the development of optical information

technology. E.g., G.665 and G.666 fiber, widely used

in China, has made a great contribution to

application of optical communication.

5 CONCLUSIONS

The development of science and technology has

brought us a modern information technology age.

Full information transmission service is improved to

develop optical communication technology and

achieve diversified selection in user access network.

It has advantages including high efficiency, large

transmission capacity, stable applications and low

cost. The increased business requirement makes

space for the development of optical communication

technology. Some new techniques are researched.

Application of optical communication technology

should be emphasized to develop theoretical

knowledge for the development of information

network technology and requirement of internetwork

communication.

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Wang Yanjin, Shao Yufeng, Chi Nan, 2013(03):380-385.

Passive optical access network based on new self-

correlation technology and HOM. Pan-media

Communication Laboratory of Fudan University.

Zhang Haiyi, 2013(01):19-21. Optical communication tech

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