RESEARCH ON INTELLIGENCE TREND OF ENTERPRISE

LIBRARY BASED ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING

Ruixia Li, Dan Chang

School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing, China

Siyuan, East Building, Beijing Jiaotong University, Haidian District, Beijing, China

Ying Chen

School of Economics and Management, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing China

Siyuan, East Building, Beijing Jiaotong University, Haidian District, Beijing, China

Keywords: Pervasive Computing, Management Information System, Library, Intelligent.

Abstract: This paper describes pervasive computing, library intelligent space base on pervasive computing, then

introduces library information systems based RFID. In the library management system, it uses advanced

RFID technology to optimize and integrate the libraries’ collection of resources and management mode.

This library system realizes automation and intelligent of library management, maximizes the effectiveness

of collection, and improves the library’s current management mode, and receives the highest reader service

efficiency. Library management becomes more and more intelligent.

1 INTRODUCTION

With the development of companies information

technology and people thirst for knowledge,

companies begin to have their own libraries.

Enterprise Library as a documentation and

information center is academic institutions of

enterprise for learning and scientific research

services, so when design library, it is necessary to

meet the needs of collection and also to meet service

needs. With entering 2lth century, the combination

of smart space and the library information system

become more closely. Information era makes the

library service model begin to innovate and be more

and more intelligent. Library based on pervasive

computing is built on three features those are the

digital library resources, network services and

characteristic technology. All libraries want to be

intelligent library. It is clear that the existing bar

code-based automatic identification system has been

unable to meet the needs of intelligent, while RFID

technology meets these needs very well, so it begins

to emerge in the library automated management.

Using RFID technology can drive reader service

quality and documentation management level from

the content and form, and make libraries intelligent.

Intelligent library management system based on

RFID can greatly enhance library efficiency.

2 PERVASIVE COMPUTING

Pervasive computing is a new computing model,

which is different from mainframe computing or

desktop computing. In 1991, Mr. Mark Weiser said

that using pervasive computing aims to enable

computers are available throughout the physical

environment, while users are not aware of the

existence of the computer. Pervasive computing is

not to develop new computing equipment, but to

develop a new calculation model and the

corresponding human-computer interaction way.

With this interactive model, computing equipment

and technology being used in the user tasks of daily

life makes users can get the computing services

without needing to be aware of the existence of

computers, which maybe make the users distraction,

at the same time, make the attention return to the

task.

476

Li R., Chang D. and Chen Y..

RESEARCH ON INTELLIGENCE TREND OF ENTERPRISE LIBRARY BASED ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING.

DOI: 10.5220/0003595804760481

In Proceedings of the 13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems (EIT-2011), pages 476-481

ISBN: 978-989-8425-55-3

 2011 SCITEPRESS (Science and Technology Publications, Lda.)

Pervasive computing has two essential

characteristics: ① Integration of cyberspace and

physical space. The pervasive computing model of

cyberspace and physical space will be integrated.

(Satyanamyanan M， 2001) On the one hand, the

matters in physical space and the object in

cyberspace will be bound in various forms. On the

other hand, the computer system will fully recognize

and utilize a variety of context information in the

physical space, and then show different actions. ②

Calculation is transparent to the humans. That is,

people do not need to go out first and find the

computer. The computer's point of interaction should

be embedded or removable; Secondly, computers

should have the initiative to provide services, not

just passively waiting for orders; The last, various

modules require that organization and coordination

process should be more autonomy in the provision

of services.

3 BUILD A PERVASIVE

COMPUTING ENVIRONMENT

FOR THE LIBRARY

People need information interaction and information

services during the processing of specific task, and

eager to get information services at anytime and

anywhere to realize “ubiquitous information

services” in pervasive computing environment.

Therefore, libraries need to create a pervasive

computing environment and integrate into the whole

process of user's current task and understand the

before and after relation of information need and

information exchange. Then, they need to establish

context information of user’s tasks, and provide

proactive and dynamic information services based

on that.

3.1 The Integration of Libraries’

Physical Space and Cyberspace

Pervasive computing makes it clear that the

integration of physical space and cyberspace is to

provide a seamless, transparent computing

environment. Libraries want to create a pervasive

computing environment and to realize the

integration of libraries’ physical space and libraries’

cyberspace. Physical spaces of libraries are all

entities, things and activities what people engaged in

of the real world that require the libraries

information services, such as the user “enter

electronic reading room browser.” Libraries

cyberspace includes various computers and

telecommunications equipment, digital resources

and information services of libraries, and also

includes various information devices used by users

(such as Mobile, PDA etc).The integration of

physical space and cyberspace in libraries fully

reflects the “ubiquitous” and interactive capabilities

of pervasive computing.

In order to realize this function, we need to

establish mutual corresponding relationship and

interaction mechanism automatically between

cyberspace object and the physical space object in

libraries. Some sensor technologies (such as touch

screen), tagging technology which used to identify

the physical entity can be well applied, so that these

physical entities become a direct entrance to access

cyberspace services. Cyberspace can automatically

sense change of physical state in the physical space,

and also automatic understand human behavior, and

on the basis of the understanding provide active

information services without human intervention.

This wait-service has been called as “active

computing” or “implicative human-computer

interaction”. When a user enters a given scene, the

library cyberspace will set personalized

automatically for the user. While when the user

carry out a specific task, the libraries cyberspace will

feel the user's specific behavior and provide

personalized information service.

3.2 Fully Integrate Context

in the Process of User Activity

and Provide Dynamic Information

Services

In the integration of physical space and cyberspace

in the libraries, the libraries fully integrate into the

process of the user’s activities, understand users’

needs, identify the relationship between user activity

and information needs, get the physical space status

and user behavior actively, then provide dynamic

information services for users. The process of

understanding user activity generally takes the way

of “context computing”. The importance of libraries

cyberspace for context understanding in the user

activity lies in: The interface of the physical space is

multiplayer share rather than individuals;

Implicative interaction can reduce users’ distractions

and make them focus on actual tasks. For different

users, they input the same context may have

different semantics results.

From the perspective of pervasive computing,

context is information that can be used for

characterizing the state of entity and the user’s

RESEARCH ON INTELLIGENCE TREND OF ENTERPRISE LIBRARY BASED ON PERVASIVE COMPUTING

477

action and context calculation is when the user needs

to provide information and services which is suitable

for the task at that time. The context of libraries

dynamic information services include: (1) Context

of the scene that needs to provide information

services, such as information resources which are

available for teaching in the classroom. (2)The

context of the user features, such as the professional

background of users, users’ previous research and so

on. (3)The context of user action, the dynamic

information needs of the user’s current task.

The context information of the physical space in

libraries can be obtained through a variety of sensors,

existing information, users’ tasks and interaction

between devices or user direct setting. High and low

are two level of context information. A number of

low-level information can be obtained by the sensor

or pre-set. High-level information such as the user's

current action can be obtained by computer vision to

track and identify. Then, it creates a probability

model.

3.3 Library is an Intelligent Knowledge

Space

Intelligent space is defined as a work space which is

embedded computing and information equipment

and multi-modal sensors by American National

Standards Institute.It’s purpose is to enable users

access information easily and access to the computer

services in order to separate work and work with

others efficiently. The purpose of establishing

intelligent knowledge space based on pervasive

computing for a library is to make computing and

information services integrate into the people’s

living space. Intelligent knowledge space of libraries

should at least provide the following functional

services: (1) Recognize and perceive users and their

behavior information, understand and predict

information needs in the process of completing the

task by users. (2)Users can easily interact with a

variety of information sources, including explicit

and implicative interact. (3)The library should

provide the user seamless connection with intelligent

space using mobile devices carried at any time and

any place.(4)Libraries should provide abundant

information resources and proactive information

services.(5) Libraries should be able to support

collaborative work between the users or tasks. Based

on this goal, intelligent space framework based on

pervasive computing for libraries was proposed. (Xu

Qiang, 2006) The intelligent libraries should be

considered as an object-oriented, distributed network

architecture model. It is composed by the client,

server, scheduling systems, retrieval systems, library

server, object libraries, and resource processing

system, and adapts to a variety of different computer

systems, and It supports the user through the mobile

phone, PDA and other mobile computing devices

which call a large number of computing resources

embedded in the environment at any time in order to

access to information and computing services. With

the deepening of pervasive computing theory and the

platform of software, the library can get involved in

the applications of intelligent knowledge room,

intelligent meeting, intelligent home, intelligent

health care, intelligent distance education,

knowledge among the community and other

applications, and also can realize invisible

information exchange between users at anytime and

anywhere, and provide information services

everywhere.

3.4 Ubiquitous Learning Environment

of Libraries

An important reason of libraries creating a pervasive

computing environment is to build a “ubiquitous

learning environment”. Rich information resources,

the integration of the mobile environments and

pervasive computing technology affects people’s

learning mode and process. The learning can be

obtained at anytime and anywhere and can call

“ubiquitous learning”. A “ubiquitous learning

environment” is an integrated learning environment,

which integrates multiple layers and dimensions

including physical, social, information and

technology. The face of ubiquitous learning

environment, the challenges of libraries is not only

providing information for learners by what manners,

but also whether or not this can make learners use

accurate information in the right way at the right

occasion. In a ubiquitous learning environment, a

variety of educational institutions, workspace,

community and home will be organically integrated.

Intelligent knowledge space of libraries is the

organic component of the ubiquitous learning

environment and will help to ubiquitous learning of

people.

Libraries want to become intelligent libraries, it

is clear that the existing bar code-based automatic

identification system has been unable to meet the

needs of pervasive computing, so we need a new and

non-contact automatic identification system without

human intervention. RFID technology meets these

needs very well, so it began to emerge in the library

automation management.

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4 THE APPLICATION

AUTOMATIC

IDENTIFICATION IN LIBRARY

INFORMATION SYSTEM

Automatic identification technology is a technology

which automatically obtains relevant information of

objects that been identified by approaching activities

between identification devices using identification

device of certain the application, and provides those

information for the background computer processing

system completing relevant and following handling.

Automatic identification technology has been widely

used in many service areas since the beginning of

research in the 20th century.

4.1 Advantages and Disadvantages

of Bar Code Technology in Library

Information System

Bar code is now widely used. Bar code technology

has several advantages as following: First, input fast.

Speed of bar code input is 4 times than keyboard and

can achieve instant data inputs. Second, it has high

reliability. Error rate of bar code technology is less

than 1/1000000. Third, it has an ability of the large

amount of information gathering. Two-dimensional

bar code can carry thousands of characters

information. Fourth, the cost of inputs is low. Bar

code labels are easy to make without special

requirements for equipment and materials.

Bar code technology in library management

information system also has the following

shortcomings: First, the use of bar code is inefficient.

Bar code cannot be changed after printed. Second. A

bar code reader can scan when light source irradiates

bar codes. People need open the book and find the

bar codes to scan bar codes in the existing processes

of circulation of books. This operation process is

cumbersome and inefficient. Bar codes are easy to

be damaged. This will not only affect the efficiency

of borrowing and returning books, but also affect the

readers’ satisfaction of the library (Cai Mengxin,

2006).

4.2 RFID Technology and Library

Information System

4.2.1 Radio Frequency Identification

Technology

Radio frequency identification technology is an

automatic identification technology by the way of

radio frequency for non-contact and bidirectional

data communication to identify and obtain the target

and relevant data. RFID technology can finish

information input and hand without manual

intervention, direct contact and can work in a variety

of harsh environments. Rapid moving objects and

multiple tags can be identified by RFID quickly and

conveniently.

Using RFID technology is not simply replace bar

codes, but need to change the existing management

model. To create new service concepts and business

models as a guide, this drives improvement of the

reader service quality and document management

from the content and form. RFID-based intelligent

library management system can manage the location,

distribution, circulation and flow of books and

objects in the library, and can enhance the

classification of books, markers, positioning and

data collection, thus greatly improve efficiency of

libraries (Radmanesh, Matthew, 2007).

4.2.2 Library Intelligent Space

based on Pervasive Computing

Intelligent space technology has a very important

position in the development of ubiquitous computing,

and is universally regarded as a test bed that

embodies the pervasive computing thought and

researches key technology of pervasive computing.

Library intelligent space is the essential

characteristic of pervasive computing on the scale of

library building, as following:

The entire space of intelligent space that is the

entire library becomes a continuous three-

dimensional interactive channel, at the same time

embedded computing systems can fully identify and

utilize the context of space. This reflects the

integration of cyberspace and physical space.

Another important feature of intelligent space is a

nomadic service. Wireless handheld device users

carried or electronic devices in physical space can

take advantage of its surrounding infrastructure

resources. While its’ modules can also interact and

collaborate with the other modules in order to allow

users’ get a variety of related services in local space.

A third characteristic of smart spaces is that interact

channel is a three-dimensional and continuous, while

computing systems are hidden. People can receive

computer services at anytime and anywhere without

a clear sense of the existence of computing systems

in space.

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4.3 The Application of RFID

Technology in Libraries

Information System

Intelligent space is a work or living space which is

embedded computing, information equipment and

multi-modal sensing devices, with natural and

convenient interactive interface to support the

people access to computer systems services easy.

Working and living in intelligent space is the

process of using the computer system and process of

ongoing interaction between people and computer

systems. In this process, the computer is no longer

just a passive executor of the operation command

explicit information processing tools, but the helper

of the collaboration of people to complete the task,

is a human partner both parties interact in harmony

with the collaborative relationship. The harmony of

this interaction is mainly reflected of people using

computers which will reduce the burden of the

operation effectively, and interaction is entirely a

spontaneous act of the people. Spontaneous means

free, non-mandatory and not learning, while

spontaneous interaction is that the people can

interact with the computer system using the natural

first category of data (such as language, gestures and

writing, etc.).

The daily services in library usually involve

people management and materials management. It is

need to use of RFID technology as the identification

method in order to realize access control and

statistics a large number of readers and books, etc.,

and to drive reader service quality and

documentation management level from the content

and form. This makes modern library realize

intelligent. RFID-based intelligent library

management system can manage the location,

distribution, circulation and flow of books and

objects in library and also can enhance the

classification, markers, positioning and data

collection of books, even greatly improve the

efficiency of library. Implementation of the RFID-

based library management information system can

complete many functions that bar codes cannot

complete and can provide a lot of convenience for

the library management. The application modules of

RFID technology in libraries information system as

following:

4.3.1 Self-borrowing and Returning Service

of Books

Readers often need to take a long time to wait in line

because a very large number of people want to

borrow or return books from libraries. If we use

RFID devices, such as RFID tag not only can search

for bibliographic information and loan information,

but also can search for the exact location of specific

libraries holdings in the library. This can speed up

the rate of circulation jobs, simplify borrow and

return aspects, and improve quality of services in

library.

4.3.2 Entrance Guard System of Libraries

For all the libraries, book theft has been a small

problem. For the library it results in economic losses.

While for rare books, it cannot be measured by

money. The RFID technology itself is one of anti-

theft technologies. It is access control system using

RFID technology that makes library anti-theft

system easier. It will automatically alarm if

unauthorized library collection be removed from the

house to remind the reader coming back to the

library and completing procedures. Besides, it can

trigger the camera system to prevent books and files

been stolen. Combining lending card and work card

of readers and managers, you can access to know the

situation of who come in and come out, calculates

these numbers to provide accurate data for

improving the work mechanism.

4.3.3 Simplify Intensity of Library

Management System

RFID transfers signals by radio wave. It can read a

few RFID tag data at a time and simplify inventory

work. Sensor using radio waves make the library

work become extremely easy. Disorder and book

find difficult problems have been resolved.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Use of advanced technology can optimize and

integrate of the library’s collection of resources and

management model in library information system. It

can realize intelligent of library and improve the

library’s current management operation mode.

Through RFID tags attach to all objects can make

the objects in physical space and objects in

cyberspace build the corresponding relations. This

can provide a practical way for building intelligent

information processing entities (Jiang Lifen, Lu

Guizhagn, Xin Yunwei, 2007).

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Satyanamyanan M ． Pervasive Computing: Vision and

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Xu Qiang, Preliminary study of the library based on

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(10):88-89, 92.

Cai Mengxin, The feasibility of RFID in libraries[J],

Journal of Academic Libraries, 2006(4)；91-96

Radmanesh, Matthew．Radio frequency and microwave

electronics illustrated[J]. Pearson Education North

Asia Limited, 2007(12)．

Jiang Lifen, Lu Guizhagn, Xin Yunwei, The formal

context model pervasive computing environment

based on RFID, Computer Engineering, 2007(6).

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