AUDIO WATERMARKING QUALITY EVALUATION

Andres Garay Acevedo

2004

Abstract

The recent explosion of the Internet as a collaborative medium has opened the door for people who want to share their work. Nonetheless, the advantages of such an open medium can pose very serious problems for authors who do not want their works to be distributed without their consent. As new methods for copyright protection are devised, expectations around them are formed and sometimes improvable claims are made. This paper covers one such technology: audio watermarking. First, the framework is set for the objective measurement of such techniques. After this, the remainder of the document proposes a test and a set of metrics for thorough benchmarking of audio watermarking schemes. The development of such a benchmark constitutes a first step towards the standardization of the requirements and properties that such systems should display.

References

  1. Acken, J. M. (1998, July 1998). How watermarking adds value to digital content. Communications of the ACM, 41, 75-77.
  2. Arnold, M. (2000). Audio watermarking: Features, applications and algorithms. Paper presented at the IEEE International Conference on Multimedia and Expo 2000.
  3. Arnold, M., & Schilz, K. (2002, January 2002). Quality evaluation of watermarked audio tracks. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the SPIE, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IV, San Jose, CA.
  4. Certimark. (2001). Certimark benchmark, metrics & parameters (D22). Geneva, Switzerland.
  5. Cox, I. J., Miller, M. L., & Bloom, J. A. (2002). Digital Watermarking (1 ed.). San Francisco: Morgan Kaufmann.
  6. Craver, S., Memon, N., Yeo, B.-L., & Yeung, M. M. (1998). Resolving rightful ownerships with invisible watermarking techniques: Limitations, attacks and implications. IEEE Journal on Selected Areas in Communications, 16(4), 573-586.
  7. Craver, S., Memon, N., & Yeung, M. M. (1996). Can invisible watermarks resolve rightful ownerships? (RC 20509): IBM Research.
  8. Craver, S., Perrig, A., & Petitcolas, F. A. P. (2000). Robustness of copyright marking systems. In F. A. P. Petitcolas & S. Katzenbeisser (Eds.), Information hiding: Techniques for steganography and digital watermarking (1 ed., pp. 149-174). Boston: Artech House.
  9. Craver, S., Yeo, B.-L., & Yeung, M. M. (1998, July 1998). Technical trials and legal tribulations. Communications of the ACM, 41, 45-54.
  10. Dannenberg, R., & Mazzoni, D. (2002). Audacity (Version 0.98). Pittsburgh, PA.
  11. Gordy, J. D., & Burton, L. T. (2000, August 2000). Performance evaluation of digital audio watermarking algorithms. Paper presented at the 43rd Midwest Symposium on Circuits and Systems, Lansing, MI.
  12. ITU. (2001). Method for objective measurements of perceived audio quality (ITU-R BS.1387). Geneva: International Telecommunication Union.
  13. Johnson, N. F., & Katzenbeisser, S. C. (2000). A survey of steganographic techniques. In F. A. P. Petitcolas & S. Katzenbeisser (Eds.), Information hiding: Techniques for steganography and digital watermarking (1 ed., pp. 43-78). Boston: Artech House.
  14. Katzenbeisser, S., & Veith, H. (2002, January 2002). Securing symmetric watermarking schemes against protocol attacks. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the SPIE, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IV, San Jose, CA.
  15. Kirovski, D., & Malvar, H. (2001, April 2001). Robust cover communication over a public audio channel using spread spectrum. Paper presented at the Information Hiding Workshop, Pittsburgh, PA.
  16. Kutter, M., & Hartung, F. (2000). Introduction to watermarking techniques. In F. A. P. Petitcolas & S. Katzenbeisser (Eds.), Information hiding: Techniques for steganography and digital watermarking (1 ed., pp. 97-120). Boston: Artech House.
  17. Kutter, M., & Petitcolas, F. A. P. (1999, January 1999). A fair benchmark for image watermarking systems. Paper presented at the Electronic Imaging 7899. Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, San Jose, CA.
  18. Kutter, M., & Petitcolas, F. A. P. (2000). Fair evaluation methods for image watermarking systems. Journal of Electronic Imaging, 9(4), 445-455.
  19. Meerwald, P., & Pereira, S. (2002, January 2002). Attacks, applications, and evaluation of known watermarking algorithms with Checkmark. Paper presented at the Proceedings of the SPIE, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents IV, San Jose, CA.
  20. Pereira, S., Voloshynovskiy, S., Madueño, M., MarchandMaillet, S., & Pun, T. (2001, April, 2001). Second generation benchmarking and application oriented evaluation. Paper presented at the Information Hiding Workshop, Pittsburgh, PA.
  21. Petitcolas, F. A. P. (2000). Watermarking schemes evaluation. IEEE Signal Processing, 17(5), 58-64.
  22. Petitcolas, F. A. P., & Anderson, R. J. (1998, September 1998). Weaknesses of copyright marking systems. Paper presented at the Multimedia and Security Workshop at the 6th ACM International Multimedia Conference, Bristol U.K.
  23. Petitcolas, F. A. P., & Anderson, R. J. (1999, June, 1999). Evaluation of copyright marking systems. Paper presented at the IEEE Multimedia Systems, Florence, Italy.
  24. Petitcolas, F. A. P., Anderson, R. J., & G., K. M. (1998, April 1998). Attacks on copyright marking systems. Paper presented at the Second workshop on information hiding, Portland, OR.
  25. Petitcolas, F. A. P., Steinebach, M., Raynal, F., Dittmann, J., Fontaine, C., & Fatès, N. (2001, January 22-26). A public automated web-based evaluation service for watermarking schemes: StirMark Benchmark. Paper presented at the Electronic Imaging 2001, Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, San Jose, CA.
  26. Piron, L., Arnold, M., Kutter, M., Funk, W., Boucqueau, J. M., & Craven, F. (1999, January, 1999). OCTALIS benchmarking : Comparison of four watermarking techniques. Paper presented at the Proceedings of SPIE: Security and Watermarking of Multimedia Contents, San Jose, CA.
  27. Robinson, D. J. M., & Hawksford, M. J. (1999, September 1999). Time-domain auditory model for the assessment of high-quality coded audio. Paper presented at the 107th Conference f the Audio Engineering Society, New York, NY.
  28. Swanson, M. D., Zhu, B., Tewfik, A. H., & Boney, L. (1998). Robust audio watermarking using perceptual masking. Signal Processing, 66(3), 337-355.
  29. Thiede, T., & Kabot, E. (1996, 1996). A new perceptual quality measure for bit rate reduced audio. Paper presented at the 100th AES Convention, Copenhagen, Denmark.
  30. Thiede, T., Treurniet, W. C., Bitto, R., Sporer, T., Brandenburg, K., Schmidmer, C., Keyhl, K., G., B. J., Colomes, C., Stoll, G., & Feiten, B. (1998, 1999). PEAQ - der künftige ITU-Standard zur objektiven messung der wahrgenommenen audioqualität. Paper presented at the Tonmeistertagung Karlsruhe, Munich, Germany.
  31. Voloshynovskiy, S., Pereira, S., Iquise, V., & Pun, T. (2001, June 2001). Attack modelling: towards a second generation benchmark. Paper presented at the Signal Processing.
  32. Voloshynovskiy, S., Pereira, S., Pun, T., Eggers, J. J., & Su, J. K. (2001, August, 2001). Attacks on digital watermarks: Classification, estimation-based attacks and benchmarks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 39, 118-127.
Download


Paper Citation


in Harvard Style

Garay Acevedo A. (2004). AUDIO WATERMARKING QUALITY EVALUATION . In Proceedings of the First International Conference on E-Business and Telecommunication Networks - Volume 3: ICETE, ISBN 972-8865-15-5, pages 290-300. DOI: 10.5220/0001387202900300


in Bibtex Style

@conference{icete04,
author={Andres Garay Acevedo},
title={AUDIO WATERMARKING QUALITY EVALUATION},
booktitle={Proceedings of the First International Conference on E-Business and Telecommunication Networks - Volume 3: ICETE,},
year={2004},
pages={290-300},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0001387202900300},
isbn={972-8865-15-5},
}


in EndNote Style

TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the First International Conference on E-Business and Telecommunication Networks - Volume 3: ICETE,
TI - AUDIO WATERMARKING QUALITY EVALUATION
SN - 972-8865-15-5
AU - Garay Acevedo A.
PY - 2004
SP - 290
EP - 300
DO - 10.5220/0001387202900300