Authors:
Rahmad Setia Budi
1
;
Yusniwati
2
;
Irfan Suliansyah
2
and
Sobrizal
3
Affiliations:
1
Agriculture Department of Doctoral Program, Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
;
2
Agriculture Department of Andalas University, Padang, Indonesia
;
3
Isotop and Radiation Application Center (IRAC) BATAN Jakarta, Indonesia
Keyword(s):
biodiversity, exploration, food security, induced mutations, upland red rice.
Abstract:
Genetic resources is very important biodiversity and the basic capital needed in development agricultural industry including new varieties invention in order to increase production to support food security and sustainable agriculture. One type of local upland rice in North Sumatra that is widely planted by the community is the type of upland red rice, which adapts well to the area of origin with the taste of rice and aroma according to the tastes of the local community and health function for the body. Local varieties usually have disadvantages such as inner age, high stems so that it is easy to fall, unresponsive to fertilization and low production. The income of superior varieties to increase production in support of food security and sustainable agriculture needs to be carried out in one exploration activity, and mutation breeding. The study was carried out in two stages; (1) Exploration was carried out in North Sumatra from August 2015 to March 2016 through literature studies, in
terviews and direct visits to farmers' fields in regencies which are rice-producing areas and have the potential for local upland rice. Of the 22 cultivars collected, the information obtained were environmental conditions, farming systems, farmer characteristics, and cropping conditions,1 local upland rice cultivar (Sigambiri Merah) was selected to be improved through mutation breeding (induced mutation). (2). Induced mutations carried out from April 2016 to June 2017 aim to improve genetic Sigambiri Merah, especially related to the age of plants to be early matured and dwarf/ semi-dwarf stems. The seeds are irradiated with gamma rays Co-60 at the Center for National Isotopes and Radiation Applications of the Nuclear Energy Agency (PAIR-BATAN), Jakarta. M1 planting was carried out at BPTP North Sumatra. From the observation of the percentage of seedling growth, plant height and root length in the nursery phase, and the percentage of grain blanket in M1 plants obtained irradiation dose 200 - 300 Gy is an effective dose in generating genetic diversity. M1 plant seeds will certainly be very useful as an initial plant material in the improvement of red rice varieties in the future stages of plant breeding programs.
(More)