Authors:
Harry Rogers
1
;
Beatriz De La Iglesia
1
and
Tahmina Zebin
2
Affiliations:
1
School of Computing Science, University of East Anglia, U.K.
;
2
School of Computer Science, Brunel University London, U.K.
Keyword(s):
Class Activation Maps, Deep Learning, Quantization, XAI.
Abstract:
The deployment of Neural Networks on resource-constrained devices for object classification and detection has led to the adoption of network compression methods, such as Quantization. However, the interpretation and comparison of Quantized Neural Networks with their Non-Quantized counterparts remains inadequately explored. To bridge this gap, we propose a novel Quantization Aware eXplainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) pipeline to effectively compare Quantized and Non-Quantized Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs). Our pipeline leverages Class Activation Maps (CAMs) to identify differences in activation patterns between Quantized and Non-Quantized. Through the application of Root Mean Squared Error, a subset from the top 5% scoring Quantized and Non-Quantized CAMs is generated, highlighting regions of dissimilarity for further analysis. We conduct a comprehensive comparison of activations from both Quantized and Non-Quantized CNNs, using Entropy, Standard Deviation, Sparsity metric
s, and activation histograms. The ImageNet dataset is utilized for network evaluation, with CAM effectiveness assessed through Deletion, Insertion, and Weakly Supervised Object Localization (WSOL). Our findings demonstrate that Quantized CNNs exhibit higher performance in WSOL and show promising potential for real-time deployment on resource-constrained devices.
(More)