Authors:
Siavash Valipour
1
;
Florian Volk
1
;
Tim Grube
1
;
Leon Böck
1
;
Ludwig Karg
2
and
Max Mühlhäuser
1
Affiliations:
1
Technische Universität Darmstadt, Germany
;
2
B.A.U.M Consult GmbH, Germany
Keyword(s):
Smart Grid, Micro Grid, Smart City, Blackout, Islanded Operation, Holon Model, Energy Network, Decentralized Power Sources.
Related
Ontology
Subjects/Areas/Topics:
Architectures for Smart Grids
;
Energy and Economy
;
Energy-Aware Systems and Technologies
;
Load Balancing in Smart Grids
;
Microgeneration
;
Planning and Design Challenges for Smart Cities
;
Renewable Energy Resources
;
Smart Cities
;
Smart Grids
Abstract:
Modern energy grids introduce local energy producers into city networks. Whenever a city network is disconnected
from the distribution grid, a blackout occurs and local producers are disabled. Micro grids circumvent
blackouts by leveraging these local producers to power a fixed subset of consumers. In this paper, we evolve
micro grids to Holons, which overcome the need for fixed subsets and power as much of the city network as
possible. We contribute a formal model of Holons and investigate the impact of the Holon concept in a simulation
with 10,000 randomly generated city networks. These city networks are based on parameters obtained
from a real-world test site in a medium-sized German city. Our results show that the Holon approach can
supply an average fraction of 22.08% of any city network, even when fixed micro grids would fail to power
the city network as a whole.