Authors:
Joseph P. Lane
and
Ritamae M. Lane
Affiliation:
University at Buffalo, United States
Keyword(s):
Knowledge States, Knowledge Generation Methodologies, Scientific Research, Engineering Development,
Industrial Production, Conceptual Discovery, Prototype Invention, Commercial Innovation, Intellectual Property, Value, Open Innovation, STI Policy.
Related
Ontology
Subjects/Areas/Topics:
Applications
;
Artificial Intelligence
;
e-Business
;
Education/Learning
;
e-Learning
;
Enterprise Information Systems
;
Human-Computer Interaction
;
Information Systems Analysis and Specification
;
Knowledge Management and Information Sharing
;
Knowledge-Based Systems
;
Semiotics
;
Symbolic Systems
Abstract:
This position paper explains that knowledge is generated through three related yet distinct methodologies, each codified within standard practices recognized by trained professionals. The outputs from each methodology are embodied in three different states much like the traditional states of matter: gas, liquid, solid. Effective Information Sharing (IS) and Knowledge Management both require a clear understanding of these distinctions and relationships. National policies designed to generating commercial innovations through public investment in the academic sector are particularly vulnerable to problems arising from confounding these methodologies, their outputs and the transitions between states of knowledge.