Authors:
Day-Uei Li
1
;
Bruce Rae
1
;
David Renshaw
1
;
Robert Henderson
1
and
Eleanor Bonnist
2
Affiliations:
1
Institute for Integrated Micro and Nano Systems, The University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
;
2
School of Chemistry and the Collaborative Optical SpectroscopyMicromanipulation and Imaging Centre (COSMIC), University of Edinburgh, United Kingdom
Keyword(s):
Fluorescence lifetime imaging microscopy (FLIM). Error analysis. On-chip implementation. Rapid lifetime determination (RLD). Single photon avalanche diode (SPAD). Time-correlated single-photon counting (TCSPC). Data fitting.
Pipe-lined RLD. Instrumental response function (IRF).
Related
Ontology
Subjects/Areas/Topics:
Applications and Services
;
Biomedical Engineering
;
Biomedical Signal Processing
;
Computer Vision, Visualization and Computer Graphics
;
Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics
;
Laser and Opto-Electronics Signal Processing Applications
;
Medical Image Detection, Acquisition, Analysis and Processing
;
Real-Time Systems
;
Signal Processing, Sensors, Systems Modeling and Control
;
Time and Frequency Response
;
Time-Frequency Analysis
Abstract:
A synchronous gating technique was proposed for fluorescent photon collecting. The two- and multi-gate rapid lifetime determination (RLD) technique was applied to implement on-chip fluorescence lifetime extraction. Compared with all available iterative least square method (LSM) or maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) based general purpose FLIM analysis software, we offer a method for the direct calculation of lifetime based on the photon counts stored in on-chip memory and deliver faster analysis to enable real-time applications. Theoretical error analysis of the two-gate RLD technique was derived for comparison. The performance of the algorithms were tested on a single-exponential histogram obtained from a CMOS SPAD detector chip using a 468nm laser diode light source with optimized gate width. Moreover, a multi-exponential pipelined RLD FLIM technique was also proposed and tested on a
four- exponential decay DNA sample containing a single adenine analogue 2-aminopurine.