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Authors: Jerry Schnepp 1 ; Rosalee Wolfe 2 ; John McDonald 2 and Jorge Toro 3

Affiliations: 1 Bowling Green State University, United States ; 2 DePaul University, United States ; 3 Worchester Polytechnic Institute, United States

Keyword(s): Avatar Technology, Virtual Agents, Facial Animation, Accessibility Technology for People who are Deaf, American Sign Language.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics: Animation and Simulation ; Animation Systems ; Computer Vision, Visualization and Computer Graphics ; Gesture Generation ; Social Agents and Avatars ; Social Agents in Computer Graphics ; Social and Conversational Agents

Abstract: Translating between English and American Sign Language (ASL) requires an avatar to display synthesized ASL. Essential to the language are nonmanual signals that appear on the face. In the past, these have posed a difficult challenge for signing avatars. Previous systems were hampered by an inability to portray simultaneously-occurring nonmanual signals on the face. This paper presents a method designed for supporting co-occurring nonmanual signals in ASL. Animations produced by the new system were tested with 40 members of the Deaf community in the United States. Participants identified all of the nonmanual signals even when they co-occurred. Co-occurring question nonmanuals and affect information were distinguishable, which is particularly promising because the two processes move an avatar’s brows in a competing manner. This brings the state of the art one step closer to the goal of an automatic English-to-ASL translator.

CC BY-NC-ND 4.0

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Paper citation in several formats:
Schnepp, J.; Wolfe, R.; McDonald, J. and Toro, J. (2013). Generating Co-occurring Facial Nonmanual Signals in Synthesized American Sign Language. In Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications and International Conference on Information Visualization Theory and Applications (VISIGRAPP 2013) - GRAPP; ISBN 978-989-8565-46-4; ISSN 2184-4321, SciTePress, pages 407-416. DOI: 10.5220/0004217004070416

@conference{grapp13,
author={Jerry Schnepp. and Rosalee Wolfe. and John McDonald. and Jorge Toro.},
title={Generating Co-occurring Facial Nonmanual Signals in Synthesized American Sign Language},
booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications and International Conference on Information Visualization Theory and Applications (VISIGRAPP 2013) - GRAPP},
year={2013},
pages={407-416},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0004217004070416},
isbn={978-989-8565-46-4},
issn={2184-4321},
}

TY - CONF

JO - Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer Graphics Theory and Applications and International Conference on Information Visualization Theory and Applications (VISIGRAPP 2013) - GRAPP
TI - Generating Co-occurring Facial Nonmanual Signals in Synthesized American Sign Language
SN - 978-989-8565-46-4
IS - 2184-4321
AU - Schnepp, J.
AU - Wolfe, R.
AU - McDonald, J.
AU - Toro, J.
PY - 2013
SP - 407
EP - 416
DO - 10.5220/0004217004070416
PB - SciTePress