Sustainability of the Energy Complex of the Regions Development
Maria G. Grishina
a
, Elena A. Kabachevskaya
b
, Svetlana G. Kosenko
c
, Ekaterina I. Lopatina
d
,
Ekaterina N. Novikova
e
Branch of Kuban State University in Armavir, Armavir, Russia
novikovakatya_06@mail.ru
Keywords: Coal-Mining Territories, Condition, Problems, Prospects Of Coal Industry.
Abstract: The scale of the sphere of economic, social development dictates the need to consider the issues caused by
the condition, problems, and prospects of the coal mining industry, which is the foundation of the regions'
energy complex. The capacity of the raw material base of the coal mining industry is determined by the
presence and localization of coal basins, rich in mineral resources, located in the eastern, European part of
Russia, where there are coal reserves of all types, grades, with high-quality characteristics and technological
properties. Consideration of the economic status, issues, and potential development of the coal industry will
be given by the Rostov region example, which is a vivid example of coal mining territory, which clearly
shows the prospects of development and problems of functioning of economic entities of the coal industry.
The choice of this area is conditioned by the fact that this sphere is an urban-forming branch of the coal-
mining industry for this region. The possibility of optimizing the coal-mining sphere as energy basis in
conditions of economic, social instability, and tension is revealed, which is characterized by the closing of
mines, decrease in volume of coal mining, availability of huge debts. Negative impacts, risk factors in the
coal-mining territories include the manifestations caused by external economic instability, low investment
attractiveness, and innovation activity. The abovementioned requires unceasing attention to today's realities,
displaying of which will activate actions aimed at revival and upliftment of coal sector enterprises, the
tendency of which will be an opportunity to improve the social environment, economic climate, assist
prospective development of regions.
1 INTRODUCTION
The vector of economic development is the coal
mining industry, the development of which forms the
stable functioning of all spheres of economic
management, predetermining the introduction of new
technologies, the maintenance of environmental and
economic efficiency of territories (Islamov, 2017),
the optimization of economic scenarios (Plakitkina
and Plakitkin, 2019).
The article aims to study the coal mining industry,
considering the issues of negative impact and
prospects for the development of this sphere of
management. The solution of the target orientation is
a
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1267-7081
b
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6009-0461
c
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3556-993X
d
https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6223-7968
e
https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3812-1567
conditioned by representing the functioning and
assessment of the coal mining industry, overcoming
risk situations with possible transformations in this
sphere of activity.
The issues conditioned by the functioning of the
coal mining industry are reflected in the works of the
following authors:
status, coal basin assessments, and export
potential analysis: articles by Linnik Y.N.
(Linnik et al., 2019), Galiyev J.K. (Galiyev and
Galiyeva, 2019), Yutyayev et al. (2019),
Gorbunova M.L. (Gorbunova et al., 2020),
Medvedev A.V. (Medvedev et al., 2019);
problems of product realization: article by
Bazhin V.Yu. (Bazhin et al., 2019);
260
Grishina, M., Kabachevskaya, E., Kosenko, S., Lopatina, E. and Novikova, E.
Sustainability of the Energy Complex of the Regions Development.
DOI: 10.5220/0010589102600265
In Proceedings of the International Scientific and Practical Conference on Sustainable Development of Regional Infrastructure (ISSDRI 2021), pages 260-265
ISBN: 978-989-758-519-7
Copyright
c
2021 by SCITEPRESS Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
development, competitiveness: an article by
Boyko N.A. (Boyko et al., 2019).
The magnitude of consideration of the state issues,
assessment, problems, prospects of the coal mining
industry in Russia requires consideration of the
regional positioning of the coal sector, detailing the
existing negative and optimizing factors of the above-
mentioned industry.
2 METHODOLOGICAL
APPROACHES DETERMINING
THE STATE, PROBLEMS OF
THE COAL MINING INDUSTRY
IN THE REGIONS
Situational definition of the state, problems, prospects
of development of the coal mining industry should be
based on a comprehensive assessment that
predetermines the construction of a system of priority
areas, highlighting the trends of negative factors,
positioning the possibility of a promising approach
aimed at minimizing the risk situations in the coal
mining industry. This trend predetermines the
following directions:
1. Analysis of the coal mining industry's state. In
assessing the coal mining industry's state, we note that
there are 129 coal deposits and 22 coal basins in
Russia. The coal mining sector is an urban-forming
sector in 15 Russian regions (Tarazanov and
Gubanov, 2020). Highlighting the volume of coal
production, we note the following trend: in 2016 the
value of the extracted raw material resource was
417.514 million tons, 2017. - 442.189 mln t, 2018. -
468.945 million tons, 2019 - 470.938 million tons,
2020. - 435.913 million tonnes. The data presented
speak of the alarming aspect caused by the decline in
production of the coal mining industry. The leaders in
the coal mining industry are the Kemerovo Region,
Krasnoyarsk Territory, Trans-Baikal Territory, and
the Republics of Buryatia and Khakassia. In
presenting the assessment of the state of the coal
mining industry in the Rostov region, we note that the
link coal base of Russia is the Rostov region, in which
43% of the area is coal-bearing. The value of coal
resources is indicated as 24.5 billion tons, reserves as
of the beginning of January 2019 - 13.5 billion tons.
The structure of reserves and grade composition of
coal is shown in Figure 1,2.
Figure 1: Structure of coal reserves, %.
Figure 2: Coal grade composition, %.
For the period 2018-2020, anthracite production was
16.48 million tonnes, and enriched anthracite
production was 11.85 million tonnes.
Let us highlight and evaluate the performance of
the coal industry in the Rostov region. The data of the
turnover value, production index, and volume of
shipped products in the Rostov Oblast coal mining
industry are presented in Table 1.
Table 1: Analysis of coal mining companies in Rostov region.
Name of indicators Time period
2018 2019 2020
Turnover, million 22,658.4 21,670.1 19,277.2
Volume of products shipped, RUR mln. 22,138.7 21,700.5 34,742.4
Share of the volume of shipped products in the turnover, % 97.71 100.14 180.23
The data presented shows that coal mining
companies' turnover value has decreased in 2019-
2020 compared to the same period in 2018. The
volume of shipped products undergoes positive
dynamics. The highest share of the volume of shipped
products is seen in 2020, which amounted to more
48,15
23,7
28,15
Explored Pre-estimated Off-balance sheet
86,2
13,4
0,4
Anthracite Stone Brown
Sustainability of the Energy Complex of the Regions Development
261
than 180% of the turnover of enterprises of the coal
mining industry of the Rostov Region.
The lowest volume of coal produced is indicated
in 2019 for the period 2018-2020. The volume of coal
mined in 2020 is similar to that in 2018.
The value of monthly coal production for the period
2018-2020 is shown in Figure 3.
Figure 3: Coal production 2018-2020, thousand tonnes.
The data presented in Figure 3 shows an increase
in coal production in 2018, 2020. The highest peak of
coal production in 2018 is in the month of October,
December. The year 2019 is characterized by a
decline in coal production at mines in the Rostov
Region. Beginning in March 2019, there has been a
decline in coal production. The critical volume of
coal production at mines in the Rostov region is
defined by the value of 490.3 thousand tons, which
was recorded in December 2019.
Potential increase of coal mining volumes is seen
in 2020, which is determined by the growth of
demand for this type of natural resource.
2. Problems of the coal industry in the regions.
The reflection of this aspect is determined by the
presence of the reduction of the coal industry risk
resilience index in 2020 by 0.2 units.
A variety of factors of instability in the coal
mining sector of the regions can be grouped into
groups, defined by problems of external and internal
nature. Despite their multiplicity, let us single out the
most capacious of them, which include:
uncertainties in the economic environment
caused by Covid-19 in the first quarter of 2020.
(Dagilis,2020);
high level of taxation and low level of available
credit resources, presence of financial
difficulties. The average tax rate in 2019 for
coal mining industry is 52.5%. The amount of
credit resources provided can be judged from
the information provided by the Bank of
Russia. In 2019, the share of lending to
industries engaged in the extraction of fuel and
energy minerals in the total volume of lending
to the industrial production sector was 1.11%.
In 2020, this indicator is undergoing a positive
trend, increasing by 0.24%. Financial
difficulties in the coal mining industry are
determined by the growing financial burden
and limited attraction of borrowed, credit
resources. The financial instability of
enterprises, low liquidity ratios make it difficult
to obtain loans and generate low investment
activity. Thus, in the first 9 months of 2020
compared to the same period of 2019, the level
of investment decreased by 7.13%;
wear and tear on equipment. Let us note the
following data: the share of fully worn-out
fixed assets in 2019 was 25.2%, which is higher
than the same period in 2018 by 1.3%, the level
of depreciation is more than 54%, the renewal
rate in 2019 was 8.1%, the reduction of
activities aimed at modernization,
reconstruction works (Zhukova and Lobunets,
2014);
high level of logistics costs and import
dependence. When highlighting the logistics
costs in the coal mining industry, it can be
noted that barriers constitute a constraint on the
industry's infrastructure. The presence of
underdeveloped logistics of railroad
transportation, restrictions in the acceptance of
goods by sea ports predetermine the presence
of arrhythmic work of the industry, untimely
delivery of products. High costs of coal
transportation to the destination impact the
price of products, increasing it, which
negatively affects the competitiveness of coal
mining enterprises. Import dependence is
determined by the underdevelopment of the
Russian machine-building industry. The high
level of import dependence of domestic
0
500
1000
1500
123456789101112
2020 г. 2019 г. 2018 г.
ISSDRI 2021 - International Scientific and Practical Conference on Sustainable Development of Regional Infrastructure
262
machine-building enterprises has caused
investment tensions in the machine-building
industry, which has affected all economic
sectors' functioning problems, including the
coal mining industry (Parakhina et al., 2017).
Purchasing special coal-mining equipment, spare
parts from foreign companies, coal-mining
enterprises incurs additional costs. Rising costs are
driven by large project capacity and high capital
expenditures.
- changing demand for the products of coal mining
enterprises. Global coal demand is undergoing a
decline of 8% in early 2020 compared to 2019. 8%
compared to 2019, driven by pandemic processes in
China, lower gas prices, increased use of renewable
energy sources, and transition to low-carbon
strategies by foreign territorial units;
- low innovative motivation manifested in the
following aspects. First, innovation processes carried
out in terms of updating the active part of the main
production assets. The slowdown of innovation
processes in this area is determined by the low level
of adaptation of foreign equipment to Russian
deposits' geological conditions; lack of consistency in
the reconstruction work; low qualification level of
employees of coal mining enterprises, which affects
the development of new technologies, equipment.
Second, weak innovation processes in terms of
product innovation.
Impacting negative factors affecting regional coal
mining operations include (Dulin et al., 2019):
1. Management of business processes
determined by the presence of not fully developed
and approved plans; low efficiency of conducted
operational processes; actions of inconsistency in the
procurement field; occurrence of emergency
processes.
2. Weak innovation project management
processes, caused by: lack a central apparatus whose
functional feature is strategic and tactical decision-
making; fuzzy prioritization in design processes; low
cross-functional interaction; lack of unified
standards.
3. Ongoing personnel management processes
including: presence of factors of information tension,
low level of personnel activity, level of corporate
culture and ethics, professionalism; lack of
motivational processes.
4. General industry problems, which include:
mining of favorable high-quality reserves, deep
mining, availability of multistage transport supplies,
which increase the cost of production, raising the
price, the end result of which is a decrease in the
competitiveness of products of the coal mining
industry of the Rostov region.
The coal mining industry's considered negative
factors are typical in most cases for all territorial units
and coal basins. The general nature of the highlighted
problems requires consideration of the potential of
coal mining areas, an example of which will be the
Rostov region's territory.
3 RESULTS OF RESEARCH
Representation of the coal mining industry,
significant in the sphere of energy supply, despite the
appearance of new resources, innovative technologies
for energy conversion, suggests that a more thorough
development of issues, limiting the destruction of this
industry, is required, as the scale of application of this
raw material resource accompanies the sectoral
development of various spheres of economic
management. The current situation in the coal mining
industry, which is characterized by a decrease in
production and sales volumes, is caused by a decrease
in export supplies, a high level of taxation, low
innovation activity, a high degree of physically and
morally obsolete equipment used. The presence of
low qualification of employees in the coal mining
industry, lack of motivation reduces the activity of
staff in the process of technology innovation.
4 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Based on the results of the assessment, highlighting
the problematic situations in the coal mining industry,
the potential of the coal mining industries is:
possibility of wider application of coal mining
products, allowing the functioning of all
spheres of economic activity, reducing
unemployment, supporting various industries;
study and management strategy aimed at the
possibility of the proximity of coal mining
areas to the points of implementation,
availability of transport infrastructure, network
of roads, railways, sea, airports;
development of the transport sector's
throughput capacity during export operations
of coal mining companies' products. The
likelihood of a decline in demand for coal
mining products from the European continent
is quite high, increasing demand from China
requires the availability of modern sea routes.
The creation of specialized coal terminals using
Sustainability of the Energy Complex of the Regions Development
263
modern technologies will ensure the growth of
export operations, which will help the coal
industry enterprises to get out of the crisis. The
groundwork for modern terminal construction
is being designed and implemented on the
territory bordering the Rostov Region -
Krasnodar Territory. Commissioning of the
bulk terminal will make it possible to export
coal to the Middle East, Africa, Asia, America,
and South Europe, which will predetermine
increasing external supplies and avoid risk
situations caused by a domestic decline in
demand for the products of coal mining
companies. The functioning of the terminals
will not only occupy an additional market
niche, but will also provide revenues to the
budgets and extra-budgetary funds of Russia
and the region, there will be approaches aimed
at reducing logistics costs, through the unity,
the interconnection of industrial policy of the
enterprise and the sphere of coal mining
products sales (Nifontov et al., 2019).
activation of strategic planning processes and
elaboration of scenarios of development of this
sphere of management. The coal mining
industry's strategic directions should be
implemented with the coordination of actions
of governing bodies, representatives of all
spheres of economic management.
Implementation of coal mining industry
scenarios should be built, positioning the
relationship with the indicators of the value of
domestic and external demand, price
categories.
development of processing industries, since in
most cases coal mining enterprises act as a
supplier of raw materials to the coal industry,
buying then the products of coal industry
processing. An example of sectoral
development of the sphere of business
interested in purchasing coal industry products
is the sphere of sorbent production. The volume
of foreign purchases of sorbents is evidenced
by their value, which amounts to more than
75%. Extensive use of coal in chemical,
construction, fuel and energy, food industry,
agriculture, construction industry make coal
products in demand. To maintain the potential
of the coal industry, it is necessary to revive the
extensive spheres of economic management,
which will allow to increase and provide the
interesting spheres of activity with products,
reducing the unemployment rate, activating the
impact on raising the economic, social sphere
of the territories of the whole state. The
increase in export operations to African and
Latin American countries, which currently
have no oil, gas processing plants, nuclear
power plants, deserves special attention.
activation of processes of renewal of the active
part of fixed assets, taking into account such
indicators as: volume of demand for products
of coal mining enterprises, level of use of
equipment of main and auxiliary production,
which will allow rationalizing investments of
funds in reconstruction processes of the coal
mining industry. For flexibility, the optimal
rate of replacement of obsolete and obsolete
equipment at coal mining enterprises, we
propose to use a formula based on economic
and mathematical modeling, the use of
reporting data of business entities in the
industry, reflected in the thesis research of one
of the authors of the article (Kabachevskaya,
2007). The validity of the application of the
derived formula is the possibility to avoid risk
factors due to insufficient demand and take into
account the factors limiting the volume of
production (Parakhina et al., 2019).
𝑆
= 6,80 + 0,04𝐷 0,06𝑉
−0,01𝑉
(1)
where
𝑆
equipment update rate;
𝐷
value of demand for the
subject's products;
𝑉
the amount of unused
equipment, machinery of the
main production;
𝑉
value of unused equipment,
auxiliar
y
production machines.
Noting the diversity of approaches to support,
development of this sector, it is necessary to note the
presence of interacting factors, which have a
comprehensive nature of development, allowing a
positive impact on the economy and social
transformation.
5 CONCLUSIONS
Singling out the territories of energy resources,
availability of coal mining, we conclude the necessity
of revival and development of this sector of the
economy, which is explained not only by the
availability of qualitative coal reserves but also by the
possibility of development and support of the
economic and social balance of this territorial unit.
ISSDRI 2021 - International Scientific and Practical Conference on Sustainable Development of Regional Infrastructure
264
Representation of the negative factors identified
by the uncertainty of the external environment,
instability, loss of markets, the presence of physically
and morally obsolete equipment, facilities, high
logistics costs, low professionalism of employees in
the field of coal mining demonstrate the need to
highlight the potential opportunities, carrying the
positive revival of interest in the industry, its support
and development. The vast potential defined by the
issues of taxation optimization, crediting, reducing
depreciation of fixed assets, intensification of
motivation, reconstruction activities aimed at opening
transport corridors, reduction of logistics costs will
combine the efforts of comprehensive approaches to
optimize the functioning of the coal mining sector.
New prospects for revival, support, development of
the coal mining industry increase the likelihood of
development of numerous spheres of economic
activity, which is a major vector factor in the
environment of the economy and society of the
region, the state as a whole.
REFERENCES
Bazhin, V.Yu., Kuskov, V.B., Kuskova, Y.A.V. (2019).
Problemy ispol'zovaniya nevostrebrebovannykh
ugol'nykh i otikh uglesoderzhashchikh materialov v
kachestve energeticheskikh briketov. Ugol', 4:50-55.
Boyko, N.A., Chvileva, T.A., Romasheva, N.V. (2019).
Razvitiye ugledobyvayushchey otrasli regiona:
modelirovaniye i predvaritel'nyy analiz. Ugol', 11:43-
48.
Dagilis, Ye.V. (2020). Vliyaniye pandemii koronavirusa na
rossiyskiy eksport energeticheskogo uglya. Rossiyskiy
vneshneekonomicheskiy vestnik, 9:106-114.
Dannyye Ministerstva energetiki RF.
https://minenergo.gov.ru/opendata
Dannyye territorial'nogo organa Federal'noy sluzhby
statistiki po Rostovskoy oblasti. Sotsial'no-
ekonomicheskoye polozheniye Rostovskoy oblasti za
2018-2020 gg. https://rostov.gks.ru/.
Dannyye Federal'noy sluzhby gosudarstvennoy statistiki.
Osnovnyye fondy.
http://old.gks.ru/wps/wcm/connect/rosstat_main/rosstat
/ru/statistics/enterprise/fund/
Dannyye Tsentra kon"yunkturnykh issledovaniy Instituta
statisticheskikh issledovaniy i ekonomiki znaniy
Natsional'nogo issledovatel'skogo universiteta
«Vysshaya shkola ekonomiki». Delovoy klimat v
promyshlennosti v avguste 2020 g.
https://issek.hse.ru/data/2020/09/19/1581422995/DK_i
ndustry_august2020.pdf
Dulin, A.N., Dulin, R.A., Gabitov, R. M. (2019).
Vozmozhnosti strategicheskogo razvitiya
ugledobyvayushchikh kompaniy na regional'nom
urovne, Gumanitariy Yuga Rossii, №4, 8(38):146-256.
Galiyev, Zh.K., Galiyeva, N.V. (2019). Effektivnost'
funktsionirovaniya krupnykh ugledobyvayushchikh
predpriyatiy. Ugol', 6:59-64.
Gorbunova, M.L., Livanova, Ye.Yu., Morozova, T.S.,
Kuassi, D.YA. (2020). Analiz eksportnoy deyatel'nosti
liderov rossiyskoy ugol'noy promyshlennosti. Ugol', 2:
55-62.
Islamov, S. R. (2017). Ugol' kak nizkouglerodnoye toplivo.
Ugol', 4: 50-54.
Kabachevskaya, Ye.A. (2007). Avtoreferat dissertatsii na
soiskaniye uchenoy stepeni kandidata ekonomicheskikh
nauk «Vliyaniye urovnya ispol'zovaniya i obnovleniya
oborudovaniya na protsess stabilizatsii
funktsionirovaniya mashinostroitel'nykh predpriyatiy».
Linnik, Yu.N., Linnik, V.Yu., Zhabin, A.B., Polyakov, A.V.
(2019). Analiz mineral'no-syr'yevoy bazy
perspektivnykh ugol'nykh basseynov i mestorozhdeniy
Rossii. Ugol', 4: 26-30.
Medvedev, A.V., Nikitenko, S.M., Mesyats, M.A. (2019).
Analiz rezul'tativnosti ugledobyvayushchikh kompaniy.
Ugol', 11:36-43.
Mirovyye zapasy uglya. http://global-finances.ru/mirovye-
zapasy-uglya/.
Nalogovaya nagruzka po vidam ekonomicheskoy
deyatel'nosti: tablitsa v 2019 godu ot FNS RF.
https://www.26-2.ru/files/nal-n-19.pdf
Nifontov, A.I., Chernikova, O.P., Kushnerov, YU.P. (2019).
Metody ekonomicheskoy effektivnosti logisticheskoy
sistemy i upravleniya urovnem logisticheskikh zatrat,
Vestnik KemGU, 4(2):239-245.
Parakhina, V. N., Boris, O. A., Timoshenko, P.N. (2017).
Innovative development of Russian industry: regional
problems and opportunities for their solution. Trends of
Technologies and Innovations in Economic and Social
Studies (TTIESS 2017), 38:506-511.
Parakhina, V.N., Timoshenko P.N., Simonov A.A.,
Chernyshov M.A. (2019). Spline models in forecasting
the balance of development of the industrial complex.
The European Proceedings of Social &Behavioural
Sciences EpSBS. LIX:657-667.
https://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2019.04.70.
Plakitkina, L.S., Plakitkin, YU.A. (2019). Novyye stsenarii
razvitiya ekonomiki Rossii: otsenka tsen i finansovo-
ekonomicheskikh pokazateley razvitiya ugol'noy
promyshlennosti do 2025 g. Ugol', 2:40-46.
Programma razvitiya ugol'noy promyshlennosti Rossii na
period do 2035 goda.
http://static.government.ru/media/files/OoKX6PriWgD
z4CNNAxwIYZEE6zm6I52S.pdf
Svedeniya o razmeshchennykh i privlechennykh sredstvakh.
https://cbr.ru/statistics/bank_sector/sors/
Tarazanov, I.G., Gubanov, D.A. (2020). Itogi raboty
ugol'noy promyshlennosti Rossii za yanvar'-dekabr'
2020 goda. Ugol', 3:54-69.
Yutyayev, A.Ye., Yakunchikov, Ye.N., Oganesyan, A.S.,
Agafonov, V.V. (2019). Otsenka proyektnykh resheniy
tekhnologicheskikh sistem ugol'nykh shakht s uchetom
riska. Ugol', 7:52-58.
Zhukova, I.A., Lobunets, V.S. (2014). Sostoyaniye ugol'noy
promyshlennosti Rostovskoy oblasti: problemy i
perspektivy yeye razvitiya, Problemy regional'noy
ekonomiki, 2, 12(3):174-177.
Sustainability of the Energy Complex of the Regions Development
265