The Promotion of Agro-tourism in Terms of Agriculture

Ecologization in the Krasnodar Region

Lidia V. Kovalenko

, Andrey A. Kulik

Kuban State Agrarian University Named after I.T. Trubilin, Kalinina St. 13, Krasnodar, Russian Federation

Keywords: Agro-tourism, Agriculture, Ecologization, Industry, Development, Product.

Abstract: The Krasnodar Region is an agriculture-oriented territory where agriculture plays a significant role in the

economy. It provides a substantial percentage of gross regional product. To date, the agricultural sector needs

to develop new directions of functioning in the Krasnodar Region in connection with the growing

environmental threat and the need to preserve natural resources in the long term. In this regard, the

development of agro-tourism as an eco-friendly direction of the functioning of agriculture is of high relevance.

The provision of agro-tourism services is possible not only on the basis of agricultural organizations in the

traditional field of gastronomic, wine and other tourism. Enterprises specializing in the processing of

agricultural products can also form a competitive agro-tourism product, which will increase their efficiency

without harm to the environment.

1 INTRODUCTION

The agro-industry is one of the priority of economic

development in the Krasnodar Region.

In recent years, the environmental threat has been

formed in relation to the development of the agro-

industry in response to the increasing intensification

of agricultural production. This situation is due to the

growing number of enterprises in the agro-industry

which contravene environmental law (Wahyuni et al.,

2020).

In this regard, it is necessary to choose alternative

development of the agricultural sector, which would

allow, on the one hand, to ensure the efficiency of the

agricultural holdings, on the other hand, to maintain

the ecological balance in the Krasnodar Region and

to preserve the natural environment. One of the eco-

friendly direction of the agriculture functioning is the

agro-tourism development.

2 METHODOLOGY

Features of functioning, problems and prospects of

the agro-tourism development in the Russian

https://orcid.org/ 0000-0003-3219-4295

https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-4914-6591

Federation are presented in the works of M.T.

Davletova, A.E. Usynina and others. The works of

D.А. Shapova, R.A. Shikova, (Davletova and

Tursambaeva, 2013; Klochko and Kovalenko, 2020;

Shapova and Fomichenko, 2016; Shikova et al.,

2016) focus on the searching new directions of the

agro-tourism development taking into account the

characteristics of regional and rural territories

development.

It should be noted that the agro-tourism in the

modern scientific works is considered in the context

of its economic and social significance. However,

there is no consensus on the development model of

agro-tourism subjects, as well as on the system of

factors that affect its implementation within the

agricultural organizations which are not traditional

subjects of the agro-tourism.

Familiarization with the development experience

of agro-tourism in Western countries and some

constituent entities of the Russian Federation is the

main source for writing this article. The article is

based on the use of methods of theoretical research,

systemic analysis, allowing to consider processes and

phenomena in their interrelationship.

Kovalenko, L. and Kulik, A.

The Promotion of Agro-tourism in Terms of Agriculture Ecologization in the Krasnodar Region.

DOI: 10.5220/0010586600890093

In Proceedings of the International Scientiﬁc and Practical Conference on Sustainable Development of Regional Infrastructure (ISSDRI 2021), pages 89-93

ISBN: 978-989-758-519-7

3 RESULTS

Agriculture is the most important factor of the

economy development for such the agriculture-

oriented territories as the Krasnodar Region.

The main aim of the subjects of agricultural

production is to maximize harvests in the crop

production or to increase livestock production. In

accordance with the focus of the agro-industry on the

intensification of production, the activities of

producers of agricultural products imply a large-scale

use of technology and the implementation of

chemicalization of the production process. As a

result, the intensification of agricultural production is

in conflict with the need to maintain ecological

balance in the natural environment.

Farming had nothing to do with preserving the

environment in recent decades of the last century.

This has been a sustainable model for the food

production system throughout much of the world.

Now, due to this current situation, there is a

negative effect of the functioning of the agro-industry

in many countries represented by depleted soil,

chemical pollution of water resources, destruction of

traditional family farming, general deterioration in

public health and etc.

However, there is currently a positive dynamic in

agriculture, namely, an approach that combines

innovation and tradition which could change a

method of growing plants and food production in the

future has emerged.

Much of the world has traditionally budgeted for

costs of an industrial approach that determines the

development of much of the agriculture with its

dependence on chemicals and monoculture.

New accounting systems known as “true cost

accounting” provide data on the industrial agriculture

funding, impact of soil erosion, climate change and

public health. At the same time, an increasing number

of countries, motivated by small grocery chains and

medium-sized farms, are actively moving towards the

investment policies for agro-ecological food systems

(Zelinskaya and Kovalenko, 2020).

Today, the ecologization of agriculture is the

priority of the agro-industry development in the

Russian Federation.

The agro-industry management practice of the

Krasnodar Region shows the implementation of

massive ploughing, as well as the repeated use of

chemical soil treatment, which leads to the systemic

land degradation.

The soils of the Krasnodar Region are unique and

diverse in accordance with their natural and economic

features. In addition to a substantial chernozem soils

volume, the region has gray and brown forest soils,

brown podzolic forest soils, brown chernozem soils,

soddy calcareous soils, as well as unique mountain

meadow soils located in the Alpine highlands.

The useful characteristics of the presented soil

system provide the formation of a significant capacity

for the agro-industry development, the production of

high-quality agricultural products.

However, the intensification of agriculture,

incorrect (excessive or insufficient) using mineral

fertilizers have a negative impact on the soils in the

Krasnodar Region (Klochko and Kovalenko, 2020).

Figure 1 shows the characteristics of the current

soil degradation in the region.

Figure 1: The characteristics of the soil degradation in the

Krasnodar Region.

According to the graphical data presented, 16.3%

of soils in the Krasnodar Region are deflated, 15.5%

- eroded, more than 8% - waterlogged, which is

caused by the intensification of the agro-industry.

Also, a significant share of degrading agricultural

land is occupied by compacted, acidic and

waterlogged soils.

A number of experts in the field of economics and

agriculture are of the opinion that the spread of the

conservation agriculture technologies is the solution

to this situation. However, it is necessary to create

qualitatively new integrated directions for the agro-

industry development to eliminate the growing

environmental threat in the Krasnodar Region,

affecting both the functioning of the agriculture sector

and related industries of the national economy.

Experience of the agricultural production subjects

shows that many agricultural enterprises get fines as

a result of violation of the environmental law and

ISSDRI 2021 - International Scientiﬁc and Practical Conference on Sustainable Development of Regional Infrastructure

non-adherence to the relevant norms and standards

(Table 1).

According to the results of the presented analysis,

it can be seen that the number of enterprises that got

a fine of 400 to 700 thousand rubles has increased by

almost one third over the past five years, and of 700

thousand rubles - by two-thirds, which indicates an

increase in the environmental threat to the functioning

of the agro-industry.

Table 1: The structure of the number of the enterprises that

got fines as a result of violation of the environmental law,

units.

Indicator

2016 2017 2018 2019 2020

2020 to

2016,

Up to 400

thousand

rubles

1344 1321 1396 1380 1410 104,9

400 – 700

thousand

rubles

817 856 921 944 1080 132,2

Over 700

thousand

rubles

21 29 18 26 35 166,7

Thus, to date, the agro-industry of the Krasnodar

Region needs large-scale ecologization, the aim of

which is to minimize the negative impact of the

agricultural enterprises in relation to the ecological

system, as well as to form qualitatively new directions

for the industry functioning that do not cause

significant harm to the environment.

According to the constructive experience of a

number of Western countries in this field, the

development of agro-tourism is an effective direction

of the eco-friendly functioning of the agricultural

sector.

In the world market, agro-tourism is a highly

profitable branch of the tourism industry (Dunets et

al., 2020), functioning within the framework of the

agriculture development.

It is important to note that the creation of a

tourism product in agro-tourism is impossible without

the use of high-quality natural, agricultural and other

resources, which are also used in the production of

agricultural products. At the same time, agro-tourism

seems to be of high quality if the functioning of the

agro-tourism subjects is as close as possible to nature

and the natural movement of its subsystems, which

ensures the environmental friendliness of the

presented direction.

According to the international practice research of

the agro-tourism development, this direction can be

most effectively developed in regions with rich ethnic

diversity (Klochko and Zelinskaya, 2019). Despite

the fact that gastronomic and wine tourism occupies

a significant share in agro-tourism, tourism activities

related to the cultural and educational programs

dealing with the peculiarities of national land use and

agricultural production, taking into account cultural

and ethnic factors, are also important (Wahyuni et al.,

2020).

From this point of view, the Krasnodar Region has

substantial potential for the agro-tourism

development. The modern practice of the agro-

tourism covers the following areas of tourism

activity:

 research of the results of agricultural

production, as well as taking a direct

involvement in the production (harvesting,

inclusion in the processing agricultural

products, etc.);

 tasting of agricultural products, both in raw

form (for example, fresh fruits, vegetables) and

provided from processing (canned products,

baked goods, wines);

 conducting the tours, the aim of which is to

study the functioning of the agricultural sector

using the specific subjects as an example.

Figure 2 shows the structure of agro-tourism

subjects in the Krasnodar Region.

As can be seen from the presented graphical data,

to date, agro-tourism activities in this region are

carried out by the peasant farm holdings, offering, as

a rule, one specific type of agro-tourism services, for

example, harvesting, tasting honey or wine, and etc.

Figure 2: The structure of agro-tourism subjects in the

Krasnodar Region, %.

The Promotion of Agro-tourism in Terms of Agriculture Ecologization in the Krasnodar Region

Individual entrepreneurs as the agro-tourism

subjects are also distinguished by specialization in a

certain direction of the research field.

Large and medium-sized agricultural

organizations that carry out activities in the agro-

tourism (such as JSC “Sad-Gigant”, CJSC “Abrau-

Dyurso”, etc.) often provide services for product

tasting.

At the same time, many agricultural enterprises of

the Krasnodar Region currently do not carry out agro-

tourism activities because the production is not of

mass interest for consumers of the tourism product.

However, the development of this direction can

become an additional source of income without harm

to the environment.

Let us consider the opportunity of agro-tourism

within the framework of enterprises that process

agricultural products using OJSC “Malorossiysk

Elevator" as an example.

Figure 3 shows the characteristics of the products

manufactured by the enterprise.

Figure 3: The dynamics of agricultural production volumes

at OJSC “Malorossiysk Elevator”, thousand tons.

The analysis shows that the volume of gross

output of flour, cereals and mixed feed has increased

at the enterprise.

However, as can be seen from the data in Figure

4, the revenue and net profit of OJSC "Malorossiysk

Elevator" is decreasing in the study period.

Figure 4: The structure of the revenue and net profit of

OJSC "Malorossiysk Elevator".

It is due to the fact that the enterprise does not

develop alternative activities, does not update the

methods of intensifying production.

It is necessary to develop alternative ways of

profit-making to increase the economic efficiency of

the OJSC "Malorossiysk Elevator" development in

the long term, which is possible by providing agro-

tourism services by the enterprise both in the regional

and federal markets.

According to the authors, OJSC "Malorossiysk

Elevator" has substantial potential to carry out agro-

tourism.

As it was revealed by the research, activities in the

agricultural products processing has a number of

specific features. Grain production is seasonal. Large

amounts of grain accumulate in a very short period.

Grain is consumed daily throughout the year.

Consequently, it is necessary to have grain reserves

that would satisfy the daily consumer need for grain

and products of its processing in the Tikhoretsky

Municipal District and the Krasnodar Region as a

whole.

The enterprise not only store grain in its granaries,

but also expend great effort to ensure its long-term

preservation, improvement of quality without

quantitative losses (Klochko and Kovalenko, 2020).

In the grain turnover, which is associated with the

movement of grain from producer to consumer, the

enterprise occupies the central place. In fact, it is the

material and technical base of this grain turnover.

The presented processing activities may be of

interest to potential consumers of agro-tourism

services.

Table 2 presents the characteristics of the

projected directions of agro-tourism services at OJSC

"Malorossiysk Elevator".

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Both the technological process of processing

grain products and the study of its quality in a

laboratory may be of significant interest for potential

consumers, due to the fact that such services are

virtually absent from the structure of modern agro-

tourism in the Krasnodar Region.

Table 2: The projected directions of agro-tourism services

at OJSC "Malorossiysk Elevator".

The projected direction of

agro-tourism services

Summary

Excursion and educational

activities

Research of the technology

of processing grain products

Involvement in processing

of agricultural products

Taking part in assessment of

the processed products

properties on the basis of the

laboratory

Gastronomic activities Tasting products made from

processed raw materials

In addition, tasting products made from processed

raw materials will attract a wide range of consumers

of agro-tourism because gastronomic activities are

popular with tourists.

4 DISCUSSION OF THE RESULTS

By analyzing the activities of organizations providing

agro-tourism services in the Krasnodar Region, the

authors came to the conclusion that these services are

mainly provided by farms that directly produce

agricultural products in a certain direction

(winemaking, production of honey or dairy products,

etc.) at present. Thus, the provided agro-tourism

services are quite repetitive, which leads to the

potential loss of competitiveness.

At the same time, the effective agro-tourism

activities can be provided by enterprises of the

agricultural products processing. The technology of

product processing, participation in laboratory

assessment of its quality, as well as tasting products

made from processed raw materials may be of interest

to potential consumers of tourism services. In

addition, the environmental friendliness of the agro-

tourism development of this direction which allows to

preserve the environment is critical.

5 CONCLUSION

The proposed recommendations to enhance the

effectiveness of the agro-tourism services provision

will increase the pace of the agro-tourism

development in the Krasnodar Region. The efficiency

of the related industries (agriculture, resort and tourist

complex, etc.) can be improved with an increased

number of agricultural services provided at

enterprises that process agricultural products.

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The Promotion of Agro-tourism in Terms of Agriculture Ecologization in the Krasnodar Region