Modern Information and Communication Technologies in Professional

Training of Sociology Students: The Mainstreaming of the Needs and

Signiﬁcance

Liudmila V. Kalashnikova

1 a

, Alla S. Lobanova

1 b

, Iryna V. Hrabovets

1 c

Liudmila S. Chernous

1 d

, Viktoria A. Chorna

2 e

, Yevhen O. Davydenko

2 f

and

Feliks M. Zhuravlev

Kryvyi Rih State Pedagogical University, 54 Gagarin Ave., Kryvyi Rih, 50086, Ukraine

Petro Mohyla Black Sea National University, 68 Desantnykiv Str., 10, Mykolaiv, 54003, Ukraine

State University of Economics and Technology, 5 Stepana Tilhy Str., Kryvyi Rih, 50006, Ukraine

Keywords:

Digitalization of the Learning Process, Information and Communication Technologies for the Training of

Sociologists, Computer Data Analysis.

Abstract:

The article presents an overview of the main possibilities of using information and communication technolo-

gies in applied sociology, as well as the urgent need and importance of computer training of the students. Filed

the results of comparative analysis of universal, semi-universal statistical packages of computer processing of

sociological information and professionally focused software products on the market today. Outlining the

advantages and disadvantages of their use in empirical sociology to describe the quantitative and qualitative

characteristics of objects of study, explanations of causality, forecasting of social processes. Characterized

by modern information technology used for collecting and storing social data. It is proved that the leading

component of the computer literacy specialist-sociologist is the formation, the development of algorithmic

thinking, the ability to make the right choice in favor of a software package that satisﬁes all the requirements,

and that would efﬁciently and professionally perform all the tasks of an applied nature.

1 INTRODUCTION

Training specialists in humanities in Ukraine, in par-

ticular sociologists, given the growing need for soci-

ological interpretation of contemporary problems and

events, requires signiﬁcant improvement of the educa-

tional process of their training in institutions of higher

education.In accordance with the standard of higher

education in Ukraine training of bachelors of sociol-

ogy in the ﬁeld of knowledge 05 “Social and Behav-

ioral Sciences”, specialty 054 “Sociology” (MON,

2020) should be based on social sciences and human-

ities. However, the mathematical component of voca-

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9573-5955

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3852-2675

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0704-4167

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0916-7205

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6205-7163

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0547-3689

tional training is no less important.

The process of studying complex mass socioeco-

nomic, socio-political, socio-cultural phenomena and

processes can not be limited to theorizing. It involves

mathematical formalization, modelling of social real-

ity to formulate accurate, well-grounded conclusions

about the situation. Undoubtedly, various mathemati-

cal procedures are necessary, on the one hand, due to

the current stage of social processes development, the

dynamics of social transformation. On the other hand,

implementation of social management, forecasting

is impossible without deep knowledge of gathering,

processing and analysis of sociological information.

These are mathematical methods that already have a

wide range of applications. In this regard, actualized

the need of introduction of modern information and

communication technologies in the process of profes-

sional training of future sociologists.

The use of mathematical methods in sociology be-

gan long before the computer age. In the second half

Kalashnikova, L., Lobanova, A., Hrabovets, I., Chernous, L., Chorna, V., Davydenko, Y. and Zhuravlev, F.

Modern Information and Communication Technologies in Professional Training of Sociology Students: The Mainstreaming of the Needs and Signiﬁcance.

DOI: 10.5220/0010933700003364

In Proceedings of the 1st Symposium on Advances in Educational Technology (AET 2020) - Volume 2, pages 535-543

ISBN: 978-989-758-558-6

535

of the twentieth century, the possibilities of the math-

ematical apparatus expanded dramatically due to the

development of information and communication tech-

nologies. Today, there are software products aimed at

solving sociological problems, but they are not fully

used by sociologists-practitioners. They simply do

not like mathematics. On the other hand, not all soft-

ware products available for use a wide range of users,

proceeding from their high cost , the system require-

ments for their installation, the need for special skills,

knowledge of the language of the interface. Tatarova

(Tatarova, 2018) spoke very aptly about the problem

of teaching quantitative methods for sociology stu-

dents, noting that “they are allergic to formulas and

graphs”. However, there is an urgent need to form

digital literacy due to the fact that modern sociologist

can not do without mathematical formalization, with-

out computers in the use of not only quantitative but

also qualitative methodology and techniques of col-

lecting empirical sociological material.

The formation of digital literacy is a continuous

process that begins with the study of such disciplines

as “Fundamentals of Informatics”, “Mathematical

and Statistical Methods in Sociology”, “Social Statis-

tics”, “Selective Method in Sociology”, “Methodol-

ogy of Sociological research” and logically contin-

ues during the course “Analysis and computer pro-

cessing of sociological information”. This type of

functional literacy should be understood as the level

of students awareness about the possibilities of us-

ing computer software to solve standard professional

problems. Based on the content of the latter, all infor-

mation technologies used in applied sociology should

be divided according to their functional purpose into

three groups: programs for processing sociological

data, collection, storage and presentation of the re-

sults.

Tatarova (Tatarova, 2018), Tolstova (Tolstova,

2015) studied the problems of mathematical and

digital competencies formation of future sociolo-

gists in their works. The use of information and

communication technologies in applied sociology

is shown in (Borovikov, 2003; B

uhl and Z

ofel,

2002; Filipova, 2001; Gorbachik, 2004; Mayer, 2015;

Panchenko et al., 2020, 2021; Tsypin and Sorokin,

2016; Tsyuhai, 2010). However, in most works, the

researchers focused on the features of only one or

more of the software products. Today, in the liter-

ature on sociology there are almost no publications

that would contain a comprehensive review of exist-

ing software packages outlining their leading advan-

tages and disadvantages. It would make it easier for

a sociologist-practitioner to choose a program at one

stage of empirical sociological research according to

the research objectives. Therefore, this article aims

to review the main opportunities of information and

communication technologies in applied sociology at

the stages of collection, processing and storage of

sociological data, as well as to determine the actual

needs and importance of the digital component in the

training of sociology students. The main criteria for

the selection of software products for further analy-

sis were the availability (presence or functionally free

demos) and Ukrainian/Russian interface.

2 INFORMATION

TECHNOLOGIES FOR

COLLECTING

SOCIOLOGICAL

INFORMATION

Regarding modern information technologies for col-

lecting sociological data and their capabilities, we

note that there are at least ten most common services

for empirical sociological research: e-mail; place-

ment of text questionnaires in newsgroups; inter-

net forums, teleconferences (bulletin boards); web-

pages of polls; online focus groups; CAWI (Com-

puter Assisted Web Interface) – online survey us-

ing web-resources without the participation of a re-

searcher; TAPI (Tablet Assisted Personal Interview-

ing) – tablet survey; CATI (Computer Assisted Tele-

phone Interviewing) – automated telephone survey

system; CAPI (Computer Assisted Personal Inter-

viewing) – electronic questionnaire via email ser-

vices or sites with the participation of the re-

searcher.For author’s research it is enough to use

such services as Survio (survio.com), SurveyMonkey,

Simpoll (https://simpoll.ru/), Multi-platform Social

Media Surveys (https://www.twtpoll.com/), Google

Forms, Microsoft Ofﬁce (Excel) and others (Geger

et al., 2015).

E-mail survey is a rapid and easy way to work with

the target audience of informants, for example dur-

ing expert evaluations. In the vast majority of cases,

this information and communication service is used to

send invitations to participate in Internet forums, tele-

conferences or focused group interviews. The main

problem is the inability to record the reluctance of po-

tential respondents to participate in the study, as well

as the reasons for their refusal (Filipova, 2001).

However, online research in newsgroups is more

attractive. It is an interactive or autonomous survey of

people united by common interests on speciﬁc issues

of social life. Internet forums and teleconferences can

be considered as varieties of such a survey. Their ad-

AET 2020 - Symposium on Advances in Educational Technology

536

vantage is the ability to use open-ended questions, un-

structured or semi-structured questionnaires.

Web-pages of surveys are ordinary questionnaires

in HTML-format, which are posted on the WWW.

Their widespread use is complicated by the lack of

technical skills, as the construction of such question-

naires is made with the help of a scripting language

(GGI) which automatically processes all the data ob-

tained (Filipova, 2001).

All modern information platforms for conducting

online surveys Survio (https://www.survio.com/en/),

SurveyMonkey (https://www.surveymonkey.com/),

Simpoll (https://simpoll.ru/), Multi-platform Social

Media Surveys (https://www.twtpoll.com/), Google

Forms (https://www.google.com/forms/about/), Mi-

crosoft Excel (https://ofﬁce.live.com/start/excel.aspx)

differ in functionality in terms of the number of

questions types, the availability of directory service,

ways to attract respondents, services for automatic

results processing, graphical representation of re-

ports, feedback from the researcher to respondents,

and the availability of paid/free services.

Empirical research conducted via the Internet has

a number of obvious advantages: technical param-

eters (savings in resources compared to traditional

forms of population surveys); large sample size (low

level of material costs per respondent allows you

to maximize the sample size, thereby reducing the

amount of random measurement error); the speed of

the survey (a large-scale, global online survey of sev-

eral thousand people around the world can be con-

ducted in a few days); the possibility of rapid re-

sponse (combination of laboratory and ﬁeld stages,

making adjustments to the tools); wide coverage of

both the research audience and study topics; rele-

vance (when conducting online surveys, the effect

of the interviewer is completely excluded); organi-

zational ﬂexibility (the respondent chooses a conve-

nient time and place for ﬁlling out the tools); auto-

matic data recording and their initial analysis, etc.

However, such shortcomings and limitations as lack

of representativeness (online research data cannot be

extended to the entire general population, but only to

network users, in addition, due to the rapidity of in-

formatization processes, the general totality of users

is constantly changing); spontaneity of the sample (as

a rule, only willing users answer the questions of the

tools posted on the network. It is a “self-selection

method” which further complicates the ability to con-

trol the compliance of the sample and the general

totality); lack of possibility to establish the fact of

unique participation provided anonymity, in particu-

lar multiple participation; the difﬁculty of verifying

the accuracy of the data obtained; technical restric-

tions on the number of questions, their length; lack of

possibility to provide supporting information, expla-

nations in case of incorrect interpretation of the ques-

tionnaire by the respondents, control of omissions of

certain questions, etc.

3 UNIVERSAL/SEMI-

UNIVERSAL SOFTWARE

PRODUCTS FOR THE SOCIAL

DATA PROCESSING AND

THEIR SIGNIFICANCE IN THE

FORMATION OF COMPUTER

COMPETENCE OF FUTURE

SOCIOLOGISTS

While conducting empirical sample studies, sociol-

ogists have to process large arrays of primary data.

Carrying out such full-scale works takes a lot of

time and requires considerable effort. Probabilistic-

statistical methods and models are applied to gen-

eral totality in order to extrapolate the conclusions

obtained during the study of a sample of social ob-

jects. According to Tatarova (Tatarova, 2018), the

main condition for their use is the assumption of at

least approximate observance of the properties of the

so-called statistical ensemble: the possibility of re-

peated observations under the same conditions; the

presence of a large number of random factors that

characterize the conditions of observations, which do

not allow to make deterministic conclusions about

whether or not will occur as a result of these exper-

iments.

Speaking of application program packages de-

signed for processing sociological data, we note that

there are universal/semi-universal (in terms of their

functional purpose, applicability and technology of

calculations almost does not depend on the subject

area of research) and professionally oriented (aimed

at processing sociological information that allows to

identify patterns against the background of coinci-

dences; to make sound conclusions, forecasts and as-

sess the probability of their validity). Until the 1990s,

most domestic sociologists carried out empirical re-

search and used mostly questionnaire methods to col-

lect data. Computer programs developed up to that

time were based on the statistical approach. However,

the wide interest in the use of quality methods neces-

sitated the development of adequate specialized ana-

lytical software for their processing. Currently, avail-

able software products can also be classiﬁed based on

data they process (or data obtained using traditional

Modern Information and Communication Technologies in Professional Training of Sociology Students: The Mainstreaming of the Needs

and Signiﬁcance

537

Table 1: The comparative analysis of online services for surveys.

Features / Services Survio Survey Simpoll Multi- Google Microsoft

Monkey platform Forms Ofﬁce

Social (Excel)

Media

Surveys

The base of respondents + - - + - -

Services automatic processing of the obtained results + + + + + -

Graphics + + + + + +

Changing the settings, design - + + + + +

Service support - - - + + +

The possibility of using mobile devices + + - + + +

Availability (free version, demo version) - + + - + +

quantitative or qualitative methods of collecting so-

ciological information). However, since there is no

clear distinction between the latter in applied sociol-

ogy and taking into account that any qualitative in-

formation can be digitized, this classiﬁcation is less

successful. As for the classiﬁcation by functional pur-

pose, the ﬁrst group includes software products such

as OCA, Vortex 10.7, IBM SPSS Statistics 26, Stadia

8.0, Statistica 13.3, StatPlus 5.0, DA-System 5.0 and

others, the second group – SociometryPro 2.3, Con-

tentAnalyzer 0.52, TextusPro 1.0, TextAnalyst 2.01,

WordStat 1.1 etc. We will consider each of them in

detail separately.

To ﬁnd answers to relevant research questions, the

sociologist is faced with the task of choosing an opti-

mal statistical package from the available universal or

semi-universal ones. The best option is one that com-

bines the necessary functionality, high-quality work

and a reasonable price. When choosing an applica-

tion package, it is necessary to take into account, ﬁrst

of all, its conformity with the tasks to be solved, the

amount of processed data, the requirements for the

available computer equipment.

Most of the statistical packages presented on the

market today have a ﬂexible modular structure that

can be supplemented and expanded by user modules,

which are additionally purchased or available for free

access on the Internet. Such ﬂexibility allows you to

adapt most packages to the needs of a particular soci-

ologist.

A sociologist who organizes the applied research

must determine the list of tasks and agree them with

a client before choosing a package of applications to

process sociological data of. In research practice, the

main three types of such tasks are most common:

1) description of the object (collection of quantita-

tive and qualitative characteristics), which allows

you to form a general idea of the object of study,

to compare two or more objects. It is a statisti-

cal analysis of data. To implement this research

task, the following statistical indicators are used:

arithmetic mean, mode, median, deviation, stan-

dard deviation, dispersion, measures of variation

(range, maximum, minimum, average linear devi-

ation, standard deviation, oscillation coefﬁcients,

relative linear deviation), etc. The procedure of

statistical analysis is key to clarify statistical pat-

terns, test hypotheses about the presence and na-

ture of dependencies;

2) explanation of causal relationships – correlation,

regression, factor, variance, latent and other types

of analysis, construction of one-, two-dimensional

tables of data distribution;

3) forecasting of socio-economic processes – the

processing of time series, construction of regres-

sion equations, trend calculations (patterns of de-

velopment), modelling, extrapolation, etc.

The most universal data processing program is

SPSS (the software name originally stood for Sta-

tistical Package for the Social Sciences, reﬂecting

the original market, then later changed to Statistical

Product and Service Solutions) has been developed in

1968 by three PhD students at the University of Stan-

ford (Norman H. Nie, C. Hadlai (Tex) Hull and Dale

H. Bent). The latest version of IBM SPSS Statistics

28 was released in May 2021. Its main advantages are

a developed apparatus of statistical analysis, versatil-

ity, a wide range of graphical procedures, reporting

tools, high computing speed, simple and user-friendly

multilingual interface, detailed context-oriented help

system. Disadvantages of the program include high

computer requirements (1.56 GB of RAM, 1.11 GB

of hard disk memory and a processor with a frequency

of 1 GHz and above) and pricing policy compared to

statistical packages of the same level (B

uhl and Z

ofel,

2002).

In Ukraine, the ﬁrst application package (“OCA” –

processing of sociological questionnaires) was devel-

AET 2020 - Symposium on Advances in Educational Technology

538

oped in 1989 by A. Gorbachyk with the support of

the Institute of Sociology of the National Academy of

Sciences of Ukraine. It is designed to organize the

introduction and statistical analysis of the results of

various sociological surveys (Gorbachik, 2004).

A new updated version of OCA for Windows ap-

peared in 2001, in 2004 – OCA New Line, and in

2019 – OCA CATI Android. The package provides

all basic operations with numerical data sets, in par-

ticular, input of questionnaires, logical control of en-

tered information, construction of ﬁlters for selection

of questionnaires under a certain condition or random

selection, tables of one-, two-dimensional distribu-

tion, calculation of central trend measures, variations

and indicators of connections, calculation of sampling

and error, testing of statistical hypotheses, implemen-

tation of factor and cluster analysis, construction of

linear regression equations, etc. The main advantages

of this Ukrainian software product are the conciseness

of the interface, relative cheapness, while the main

disadvantage is the limited functionality.

D. Shkurin (Ural Federal University named after

A. M. Gorky) created the ﬁrst version of the Vor-

tex program in 1994. The latest updated version of

the program appeared in 2013 (Shkurin, 2016). It

is a modular program based on a data entry mod-

ule. There are different versions of the program which

differ in functionality: basic (data entry module, ba-

sic functions); professional (data entry module, ba-

sic functions, professional functions); full (data entry

module, basic functions, professional and additional

functions); student, academic and version for edu-

cational institutions. There may be separate subpro-

grams such as the module for conducting personal in-

terviews, FTP-server for conducting surveys, the mas-

ter of digitization of the territory map, the module

of pasting ﬁles, etc. Additional features of the Vor-

tex program include the ability to process data col-

lected during surveys by the following means: CAWI

(Computer Assisted Web Interface); CATI (Computer

Assisted Telephone Interviewing);TAPI (Tablet As-

sisted Personal Interviewing);CAPI (Computer As-

sisted Personal Interviewing). Unlike other software

products, it has the option of developing data collec-

tion tools (questionnaire, interview or testing form,

etc.).

The Stadia (Statistical Dialogue System) program

was developed by A. Kulaichev in 1985 (Kulaichev,

2013). The program provides comprehensive data

analysis using a set of modern and effective methods

for determining descriptive statistics, criteria for dif-

ference, categorical, variance, correlation and regres-

sion analysis, to visualize the data by means of busi-

ness and scientiﬁc graphics. Its main drawback is the

inability to process data presented in nominal scales

with compatible alternatives, as well as the option to

export / import data with other statistical packages of

applied programs.

Universal statistical package Statistica was devel-

oped by StatSoftInc in 1991 (Borovikov, 2003). Its

latest 14th version was released in 2020. In addition

to the generally deﬁned statistical and graphical tools,

the system has specialized modules, for example, for

sociological or biomedical research, for solving tech-

nical and industrial problems as construction of qual-

ity control maps, process analysis modules and ex-

periment planning. Similar to Stadia, this software

product does not have the ability to process socio-

logical variables on a nominal scale with compati-

ble alternatives. The advantages of the package in-

clude: the ability to exchange data with MS Windows

applications, analysis results can be displayed in the

form of graphs, tables and text ﬁles, macro recording

to automate the same tasks, the ability to process a

database of 32,000 variables and almost unlimited ob-

servations, the ability to build 2D, 3D and 4D graphs,

matrices, icons.

The StatPlus application package was developed

by AnalystSoft in 2006 and the latest version ap-

peared in 2016. It allows the calculation of basic

descriptive and non-parametric statistics; it is pos-

sible to import/export documents in Microsoft Ex-

cel, StatSoft, SPSS, etc. However, its options are

very limited for the main tasks of empirical socio-

logical research compared to other software packages

(Tsyuhai, 2010).

The DA Standard 5.0 (determination analysis of

data) was developed in 2011 by Context Media to

process the results of marketing and sociological re-

search, ﬁnancial data of the company’s activities, etc.

The system software contains two programs – DICT

(provides data preparation for processing, input of

variables vocabulary and data, export/import of data)

and DA (designed for data analysis, linear and even

distributions, multidimensional determination tables,

subsample formation, construction of new variables,

etc.). The program is built as a traditional database

(there are tables for storing information and query

system, which is intellectually built into the arrays

of tables) (Context Media, 2011). Its advantages are

adaptability to marketing problems, simple interface,

low technical requirements. However, it works only

on the basis of Windows 95, 2000, NT, XP; it has a

special format for data storage, the lack of ability to

export/import data with other statistical packages.

Summarizing, we note that the universal versa-

tility of the packages enables the analysis of differ-

ent data types using a wide range of statistical meth-

Modern Information and Communication Technologies in Professional Training of Sociology Students: The Mainstreaming of the Needs

and Signiﬁcance

539

ods. Most of the existing software products have

some built-in statistical procedures and are compet-

ing against each other. Their main difference are the

ways in the interface.

The software packages are almost identical in

their function, the amount of input data is limited by

the capacity of computer memory that allows you to

use them to conduct large-scale sociological studies.

Compared to other Vortex has the advantage regard-

ing the possibility of the formation of research tools

and automatically create a dictionary of variables for

further input and analysis of the array data. But OCA

unlike other software has the ability to process data

presented in a nominal scale with compatible alterna-

tives. SPSS is the only one among the presented soft-

ware has capabilities of rendering 3D graphical im-

ages. All the packages are paid and have trial versions

available to download on ofﬁcial sites.

Next, consider a professionally-oriented (special-

ized) packages.

So, the program SociometryPro 2.3 has a special

purpose. It is created by the specialists of LeDiS

Group (Moscow, Russia) to simplify the processing of

sociometric survey data (LeDis Group, 2017). There

is a Ukrainian analogue of the program. It is called

“Sociometry” developed by the Academy of Informa-

tion Technology. This software product allows you

to create a database of sociometric research, calculate

group and individual sociometric indices, to visualize

the results in the form of targets and graphs.

We will focus on a few available text analyz-

ers that have the ability to implement the quantita-

tive component of content analysis of text documents.

Textus Pro 1.0 is one of the simplest text analysis pro-

grams created by D. Kaplunov and D. Abramov. The

main objectives of the program are: to calculate the

use of keywords, their frequency and density; deter-

mining the number of words and symbols in the text

(with spaces and without); analysis of the “nausea”

of the text; calculation of the cost of the text based

on the initial price per 1000 symbols of text analysis

speciﬁed by the user (Chernyatinskiy, 2020).

The program TextAnalyst 2.01 is a tool for analyz-

ing the content of texts, meaningful search for infor-

mation, the formation of electronic archives. It was

developed in 1991 by the specialists from the inno-

vation center “Microsystems”. The program options

allow text analysis with automatic formation of a se-

mantic chain with hyperlinks, meaningful search of

text fragments by constructing a hierarchical tree of

topics, text abstracting, clustering of text information

by constructing a thematic tree, forming a hypertext

structure.

WordStat2.0 is a free utility software for quantita-

tive analysis of text submitted in html and txt formats.

It was developed by O. Dubinskyi in 2001. The ad-

vantages of this program are the ability to combine

similar words, despite changes in word forms, as well

as the accumulation of measurement results. As a re-

sult it simpliﬁes work with large arrays of information

(Dubinskyi, 2019).

ContentAnalyzer 0.52 was developed in 2005 by

the specialists from the Elibriz Software company. It

is aimed at analyzing thematic web-documents on the

number of keywords and their word forms and creat-

ing an abstract. The program contains an integrated

interface, calculates the coefﬁcient required for struc-

tural analysis of documents (Mayer, 2015).

In conclusion, we note that the main feature of

specialized packages is the presence of functional

limitations relative to the analysis of the data associ-

ated with the speciﬁc method of collection of primary

sociological information. The use of this type of prod-

uct requires the user knowledge of the list of statis-

tical procedures characteristic for a speciﬁc method,

which, of course, becomes an obstacle to their mass

usage.

4 INFORMATIZATION OF THE

PROCESS OF PRESERVING

SOCIOLOGICAL

INFORMATION: EUROPEAN

AND UKRAINIAN

EXPERIENCE

Another area of using information and communica-

tion technologies in applied sociology is the preser-

vation of data in the format of archives, infor-

mation banks (big data).Their main functions are

quite clearly deﬁned: the development of methods

and means of accumulating sociological information;

standardization of methods; information and refer-

ence support for sociologists; coordination of socio-

logical research; exchange of primary empirical data;

creating conditions for secondary and comparative

analysis of data; carrying out settlement and comput-

ing operations at the request of users.

The ultimate goal of working on the sociological

archive and sociological information bank is to trans-

form it into a transnational center for the exchange of

social information to attract a wide range of special-

ists (scientists, politicians, journalists, NGO activists,

government ofﬁcials) to in-depth systematic analysis

of various aspects of society.Due to the constant re-

plenishment of the archive, it is advisable to introduce

a special bulletin. There will be along with informa-

AET 2020 - Symposium on Advances in Educational Technology

540

Table 2: The comparative analysis of universal/semi-universal statistical packages.

Features / Program SPSS OCA Vortex Stadia Statistica StatPlus DA Standard

Forming tools - - + - - - -

Basic statistical methods + + + + + + +

Filter data + + + - - - +

Linear modeling + + + + + + -

Multidimensional modeling + - + - + + -

Nonparametric methods + + + + + + -

Correlation analysis + + + + + + +

Factor analysis + + + + + + +

Cluster analysis + + + + + + -

Veriﬁcation of statistical hypotheses + + + - - + -

Scaling + - + + - - -

Calculate the sample - + + - - - -

Graphical representation of the data + + + - + + -

tion about new receipts to the archive, comparative

materials of surveys of different years and trends in

social change.

The Council of European Social Science Data

Archives (CESSDA) was established in 1976. It is

an informal association of European national data

archives of about 70,000 studies in the social sciences

and humanities. The main task of this organization is

to ensure the functioning of a full-ﬂedged sustainable

research infrastructure. This association helps the sci-

entiﬁc community to conduct high-quality research in

the social sciences to form effective solutions to the

main challenges facing society today and to facilitate

teaching and learning in social sciences. CESSDA

must fulﬁll its mission by participating in the devel-

opment and coordination of standards, protocols and

the dissemination of best training practices.

The history of national archives began in 1985

when the ﬁrst large-scale database of sociological re-

search at the Institute of Social Research of the USSR

Academy of Sciences was created.

In December 2014, the National Sociological Data

Bank “Kyiv Archive”was established at the initiative

of the Kyiv International Institute of Sociology and

Center “Social Indicators” in cooperation with the

Kyiv-Mohyla Academy under a grant from the In-

ternational Renaissance Foundation (ukraine.survey-

archive.com, 2014).

The directory contains a list of sociological

research, available for download from the web-

site of the National Bank research (https://ukraine.

survey-archive.com). While the website contains

only part of the available data, and the archive con-

tinues to grow. Registered users have the ability

to download survey data directly through the web-

site. Downloadable materials include an array (SPSS

/ OCA), questionnaires, survey description, descrip-

tion of the methodology, supporting materials.

The monitoring study presented at the Bank in the

format of a coherent set of ﬁles. The archive search

is by keywords, and indexing subjects of research

for their name, the name of the author of the study,

date collection, and other parameters that character-

ize research in General. The purpose of the search in

this part of the archive is to receive the data ﬁle and

accompanying documentation for further secondary

analysis. Storage unit in the archive is determined by

a separate research question.

Nowadays, the number of organizations that trans-

mit information to the National Bank of Sociologi-

cal Data includes Kyiv International Institute of So-

ciology, TNS, Institute of Sociology of NASU, Taras

Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Ukrainian

Center for Economic and Political Studies named

after O. Razumkov, Ilko Kucheriv Democratic Ini-

tiatives Foundation, Ukrainian Institute for Social

Research named after O. Yaremenko, Kyiv Center

for Political Research and Conﬂict Studies, Cen-

ter for Social and Marketing Research “SOCIS”

(ukraine.survey-archive.com, 2014).

Since the professional activity of sociologists-

empiricists is mass, the archives of sociological data

as an institutional entity will be used productively

in the case of their active cultivation at the level

of both individual and collective social practices.

Such transnational archives are user-friendly means

of solving research problems. They are characterized

by mobility, accessibility for understanding, represent

a high level of professionalism of scientists, without

exaggeration is a more convenient modern form of re-

search not only in sociology but also in related sci-

ences.

The ﬁnal stage of any empirical sociological study

involves the preparation of a ﬁnal document (informa-

Modern Information and Communication Technologies in Professional Training of Sociology Students: The Mainstreaming of the Needs

and Signiﬁcance

541

tion, press release, information note, analytical note,

report). Its choice is determined by the type of study

and the wishes of the customer. MS Windows ap-

plications or alternative services available to the re-

searcher are used to make the report and prepare for

the presentation of the research results.

5 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

As the study of scientiﬁc literature and personal prac-

tical experience, professional training of specialists-

sociologists in higher education, has wide opportuni-

ties to use information and communication technolo-

gies, without which no full-ﬂedged implementation of

empirical sociological research. The variety of infor-

mation technologies, as well as their capabilities, is

impressive. However, we should not forget that the

most important component of digital literacy of a so-

ciologist is the formation and development of algo-

rithmic thinking. It is a set of speciﬁc ideas, skills and

abilities related to the concept of the algorithm, meth-

ods of its development, use and recording.Mastering a

rich arsenal of application packages of computer pro-

grams, cloud technologies for the collection and pro-

cessing of sociological data is an important compo-

nent of the training of future sociologists.

Each of the above-mentioned software products

has its characteristics of use in applied sociology, pri-

marily related to their functional purpose, compat-

ibility with alternative programs, pricing and tech-

nical conditions of use.The modern statistical pack-

age must meet the following minimum set of require-

ments: modularity; use of simple problem-oriented

language to formulate user’s tasks; automatic orga-

nization of data processing; introduction of a data

bank and compiling reports on the results of the anal-

ysis; dialogue mode of work of the user with a pack-

age; compatibility with other software.The develop-

ers of most statistical packages often claim that the

program they have developed is the best for data pro-

cessing. Given the variety of proposals, it is difﬁcult

to make the right choice in favor of a particular pack-

age of applications. However, if a sociologist does

not have sufﬁcient knowledge and competencies, then

even the most advanced software product will not al-

low making quality collection and analysis of socio-

logical data. At the same time, an incorrectly selected

software package that does not have the proper tech-

nical characteristics can slow down the work of even

an experienced analyst, making it difﬁcult to identify

the necessary patterns and obtain the results of data

analysis.

However, it is important to emphasize the fact that

in connection with the computerization of companies

the new demands put forward in relation to the teach-

ing staff of higher educational institutions, which im-

parts training to students. Their level of informational

knowledge requires a signiﬁcant increase in that is

one of the promising areas of research.

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