The Effect of Electromagnetization Fuel using Bioethanol-RON 90

Blends on Exhaust Emission Engine 125 CC

Tatun H. Nufus, Isnanda Nuriskasari, Arifia Ekayuliana, Andi Ulfiana, Emir Ridwan, Haidir Juna,

Irfan Choiri, Sri Lestari Kusumastuti

Mechanical Engineering and Electro Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Jakarta, Depok, Indonesia 16425

Keywords: Combustion, Electromagnet, Emission, Bioethanol,

RON 90.

Abstract: Research related to using bioethanol as a renewable energy that can be fuel substitution for gasoline with

hopefully can decreasing exhaust emission has been carried out by researchers. Beside that, most of the

researchers using magnetic fields to improve the quality of combustion for decreasing exhaust CO emission.

Therefore, the objective of this research was to determine the effect of electromagnetization fuel using

Bioethanol-RON 90 blends on exhaust emission engine 125 CC. The independent variable of the study is the

variation of the fuel composition based on percent volume and engine speed (RPM) while the dependent

variable is the exhaust gas emissions. Giving the electromagnetic effect causes the combustion efficiency

which is shown by the the reduced amount of incomplete combustion gas emissions. The combustion

efficiency occurs due to the effect of the phenomenon of fuel magnetization in the combustion chamber

causing polarization (due to magnetic induction) on hydrocarbon molecules. The results of this study is E20

(20% Bioethanol blend with 80% RON 90) is the best composition fuel. Using E20 with exposure

electromagnet at 3000 rpm can decrease approximately 47.37% carbon monoxide emission, increase

approximately 26% carbon dioxide, and decrease approximately 33.2 % oxygen emission.

1 INTRODUCTION

The incomplete combustion process is a problem

encountered in efforts to improve the performance of

gasoline engines. Poor fuel quality is one of the

factors causing imperfections the combustion system.

Various methods are used to solved that problems,

one of the method is by using environmentally

friendly biofuels such as bioethanol. The

characteristics of bioethanols as a fuel have the

advantages, it is low greenhouse effect, it can

decrease gas emission by up to 50% compared to

fossil fuel, ability to blend with gasoline

homogenously (Alper et al. 2015). Using the

bioethanol blended with gasoline was better than pure

gasoline because its renewability, less toxicity.

(Wibowo et al. 2019). Despite all those benefits, bio-

ethanol has some drawbacks due to its high viscosity

and octane number where the combustion process on

standard/gasoline engines cannot run completely. The

solution to this problem can be done by mixing

gasoline with bioethanol at certain levels and utilizing

electromagnetic fields.

The electromagnetic field installed on the fuel

pipe before the injector can improve the quality of

combustion which is indicated by decreasing the

emission levels of CO, NO and HC exhaust gases

(Nufus, Praeko, Setiawan, & Hermawan, 2017;

Kolhe, Shelke, & Khandare, 2014; Chaware 2015;

Okoronkwo et al. 2010). The electromagnetic field on

Hydrocarbon fuel can pulling away and stretching the

bond between molecules, even though the bonds

between H-C atoms are not separated from each

other, the strength of the bonds will be slightly

weakened due to stretching bond so that the hydrogen

and carbon atoms will be more easily attracted to

oxygen in the combustion process. Resulting in more

complete combustion and reduced levels of exhaust

emissions (Faris et al. 2012).

Based on those explanations, the objectivity of

this research is to study the effect of

electromagnetization fuel using Bioethanol-RON 90

blends on exhaust emission engine 125 CC. The

independent variable in this research is variation

composition fuel to analyze the ideal composition of

the mixture of bioethanol and RON 90 in order to

obtain optimal gasoline engine combustion

Nufus, T., Nuriskasari, I., Ekayuliana, A., Ulﬁana, A., Ridwan, E., Juna, H., Choiri, I. and Kusumastuti, S.

The Effect of Electromagnetization Fuel using Bioethanol-RON 90 Blends on Exhaust Emission Engine 125 CC.

DOI: 10.5220/0010508400003153

In Proceedings of the 9th Annual Southeast Asian International Seminar (ASAIS 2020), pages 23-26

ISBN: 978-989-758-518-0

performance, refer to the result of exhaust gas

emissions from engines which is affected by

electromagnetic field treatment in the fuel line.

2 RESEARCH METHOD

The engine that used for the research is a gasoline

motorcycle with a 125 cc cylinder capacity injection

system, engine specifications shown in Table 1. The

strong magnetic field used was 1419 Gauss. While the

fuels used are E0 (100% RON 90), E10 (10%

bioethanol and 90% RON 90), E15 (15% bioethanol

and 85% RON 90), E20 (20% bioethanol and 80%

RON 90), E25 (25% bioethanol and 75% RON 90)

and E30 (30% bioethanol and 70% RON 90). The fuel

specifications used are presented in Table 2. The test

were performed at different engine speeds of 1500,

2000, 2500, and 3000 rpm.

The research begins by calibrating the equipment

needed, examining gasoline engine components such

as lubricating oil, lubricating oil filters and material

filters. Next, all the instruments are strung together as

shown in Figure 1. Gas emission from mixed fuel

combustion will be characterized using gas analyzer

Stargas 898.

Table 1. Gasoline Engine Specifications (Yamaha, 2020)

Engine Type 4 Stroke, SI Engine,

DOHC, Air Coole

Bore x Stroke 52.4 x 57.9 mm

Volume 125 cc

Compression Ratio 9.5 : 1

Maximum Powe

7 kW / 8000 rpm

Maximum Torque 9.6 Nm / 5500 rp

nition S

stem TCI/ Fuel In

ection

Table 2. Fuel Specifications (Agathou & Kyritsis, 2012)

Propert

RON 90 Bioetanol

Formula (liquid) C

Molecular

wei

ht (

/mol)

11.15 46.07

Densit

/m3) 765 785

Heat of

vaporization

(kJ/k

)

305 840

Stoichiometric

air-fuel ratio by

mass

14.6 9

Research octane

numbe

90 108.6

Figure 1 Installation the Instruments

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Clusters in hydrocarbons (due to non-polar) cause the

phenomenon of incomplete combustion due to the

difficulty of oxygen entering the hydrocarbons, thus

producing CO gas and carbon residues both in

exhaust gas and in the combustion chamber walls..

Therefore, one way to analyze the effectiveness of

perfect combustion due to the effects of fuel

magnetization is by emission testing. Based on Figure

2, it can be seen that the effect of the fuel

magnetization phenomenon on the combustion

chamber causes polarization (due to magnetic

induction) on hydrocarbon molecules, so that what

used to be a cluster (non-polar) becomes a decluster.

Figure 2. Fuel Magnetization Process in the Combustion

Chamber

Declusterization of hydrocarbon molecules due to

the effect of magnetic induction will cause a

reduction in exhaust emissions from incomplete

combustion, such as (CO, CO

, HC, and O

Emission test results on the combustion of gasoline

RON 90 with the variation of bioethanol blended 0%,

10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, with the

phenomenon of electromagnetization in the

combustion chamber are shown in Figure 3, 4, 5, and

Figure 3 showed the value emission of carbon

monoxide from the engine. It can be seen that the

increase of engine speed cause increasing emission of

carbon monoxide. The effect of electromagnetization

fuel is a reduction in CO emissions. According to the

chart above , the maximum value emission of carbon

monoxide is using E20 without exposure

ASAIS 2020 - Annual Southeast Asian International Seminar

electromagnet at 3000 rpm. On the other side, using

E20 with exposure electromagnet at 3000 rpm can

decrease approximately 47.37% carbon monoxide.

The increasing percentage bioethanol in the fuel can

decrease emission of carbon monoxide from engine,

it proved by the lowest value emission of carbon

monoxide in 3000 rpm with E30 with or without

exposure electromagnet.

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

0.0

0.5

1.0

1.5

2.0

2.5

3.0

3.5

4.0

CO (%)

RPM

E0 Magnet

E10

E10 Magnet

E15

E15 Magnet

E20

E20 Magnet

E 25

E 25 Magnet

E 30

E 30 Magnet

Figure 3 Carbon Monoxide Emission Testing Results

Figure 4 showed the value emission of carbon dioxide

from the engine. It can be seen that the effect

electromagnetization of fuel is a increasing carbon

dioxide emissions, this phenomenon indicates that

increasing complete combustion reaction. According

to the chart above, the best increasing emission of

carbon dioxide is using E20 with exposure magnet at

3000 rpm, that can increase approximately 26%

carbon dioxide.

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

CO2 (%)

RPM

E0 Magnet

E10

E10 Magnet

E15

E15 Magnet

E20

E20 Magnet

E 25

E 25 Magnet

E 30

E 30 Magnet

Figure 4 Carbon Dioxide Emission Testing Results

Figure 5 showed the value emission of hydro carbon

from the engine. It can be seen that the increase of

engine speed cause increasing emission of hydro carbon,

except at 3000 rpm. The effect of

electromagnetization fuel is a reduction in HC

emissions. According to the chart above , the

maximum value emission of hydro carbon is using

E10 without exposure electromagnet at 2500 rpm. On

the other side, using E10 with exposure

electromagnet at 2500 rpm can decrease

approximately 61.16 % hydro carbon. The lowest

value emission of hydro carbon in 3000 rpm with E30

with exposure electromagnet.

Figure 6 showed the value emission of oxygen

from the engine. It can be seen that the effect

magnetization of fuel is a decreasing oxygen

emissions, this phenomenon indicates that increasing

complete combustion reaction. According to the chart

above, the lowest emission of oxygen is using E20

with exposure magnet at 3000 rpm, that can decrease

approximately 33.2 % oxygen emission.

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

100

150

200

250

300

350

400

450

500

550

600

650

HC (PPM)

RPM

E0 Magnet

E10

E10 Magnet

E15

E15 Magnet

E20

E20 Magnet

E 25

E 25 Magnet

E 30

E 30 Magnet

Figure 5 Hydro Carbon Emission Testing Results

1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

O2 (%)

RPM

E0 Magnet

E10

E10 Magnet

E15

E15 Magnet

E20

E20 Magnet

E 25

E 25 Magnet

E 30

E 30 Magnet

Figure 6 Oxygen Emission Testing Results

The Effect of Electromagnetization Fuel using Bioethanol-RON 90 Blends on Exhaust Emission Engine 125 CC

4 CONCLUSION

Based on the results of electromagnetization testing

of RON 90 fuel types with bioethanol mixture

variations, the following results are obtained:

1. There is a decrease in exhaust emissions (CO

and HC) from engines that use a mixture of

RON 90 + bioethanol which is affected by the

treatment of electromagnetic fields

(magnetization) of the fuel.

2. The effect of electromagnetization can

increased combustion efficiency which is

shown by the increase in emission carbon

dioxide and decrease in emission oxygen from

engine.

3. The best composition of fuel and engine speed

to produce complete combustion with low

exhaust emission is E20 (20% Bioethanol with

80% RON 90 at 3000 rpm), the effect of

electromagnetization fuel E20 at 3000 rpm can

decrease approximately 47.37% carbon

monoxide emission, increase approximately

26% carbon dioxide, and decrease

approximately 33.2 % oxygen emission.

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ASAIS 2020 - Annual Southeast Asian International Seminar