Campus Cloud Computing for Universities:

State-of-the-Art

Omer K. Jasim Mohammad

, Muwafaq Shyaa Alwan

and Osamah M. Abduljabbar

Head of Quality Assurance & Accreditation, University of Fallujah, Fallujah, Iraq

Faculity of Engineering, Al-Iraqia University, Baghdad, Iraq

Keywords: Campus Cloud, Cloud Computing, ICT, Cloud Services, Education Service, Service Models, Cloud

Challenges, Cloud Environment.

Abstract: This paper tries to depict the role of cloud computing in the education sector mainly in higher education

institutes (HEI). HEIs are swiftly taking the adoption of cloud generation to lessen the carrier value, provide

extra productivity in the learning and administration system, offer higher responsiveness for statistics retriever,

and assist in decision –making. Accordingly, this paper illustrates the meaning of Campus cloud computing

(CCC) and related services and it defines the adoption strategic plan of cloud computing that is consists of

nine stages. Likewise, this paper builds a practical harmony questionnaire among Iraqi universities. It focuses

on the rate of using IT among the academic and university staff. The obtained result shows that more than

68% of university staff are impulsive to use internet family applications. However, they don't have enough

knowledge about the term of cloud computing despite using it in their daily work. Finally, this study provides

an Illustrative example and analytical analysis for the cloud adoption in HEI.

1 INTRODUCTION

Higher education in the world is a fundamental pillar

of the progress of people and the development of

countries because of its active role in the

dissemination of different sciences in all fields.

Accordingly, it must parallel the development of

technology to maintain this place in society.

Therefore, Higher education institutions (HEI) must

allocate adequate cost to provide resources to provide

educational services with the latest technology

(Njenga, 2019). Nevertheless, due to the economic

crises experienced by the countries, the financial

support for higher education institutions has

decreased. Thus, higher education institutions in front

of great challenges to face these crises and continue

to keep pace with technology by Available resources

(Gao, 2019; Kozák, 2012).

Consequently, due to strong communications

infrastructure and the widespread of the Internet with

the services provided to the communities. One of the

samples, Services offered by higher education

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-4287

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7980-2716

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6043-2268

institutions for students, teachers, and researchers.

Pushed by large companies to exploit these

possibilities and thinking to provide technology

equipment, infrastructure, and various applications to

the beneficiary institutions with the least Costs, high

accuracy, high speed, and security of personal data

with the advent of new technology cloud computing

(Restivo, 2009).

Cloud computing is a modern technology that

provides various resources of technology from

servers, networks, storage, and various applications

for large and small enterprises via the Internet or

intranet. Consequently, to utilize the available

resources and exploit them to keep pace with the rapid

development of technology with the lowest costs.

Where students, teachers, and researchers can benefit

and access resources via the internet from anywhere

without worrying about any maintenance or

management (Sohaib, 2019; El-Haddadeh, 2020).

This paper aiming to deliver high quality and

consistent services, reduce associated costs, offer a

cloud architecture in HEI with various delivery

models, propose a strategy in HEI for an efficient

cloud environment, and provide recommendations to

HEI for successful and efficient move to cloud system

from its traditional system.

This paper is organized as follows; Section2

surveys the existing studies of Campus cloud

computing (CCC) and its implementation in HEI.

While Components of the Campus Cloud Computing

are illustrated in Section 3, Section 4 explains the

roadmap for successful cloud computing and the

proposed solution. Then, the main building block of

CCC is depicted in Section 5, besides; Section 6

discusses the theoretical obtained result through the

analytical analysis. Finally, Section 7 summarizes the

conclusion and future work.

2 REVIEW

Recently, various papers have been issued related to

the role of cloud computing in the education sector.

However, no holistic solution for this topic has been

forthcoming yet.

For instance, Vaishali H. (Pardeshi, 2014)

proposed cloud architecture for Higher Education

with all architecture constitutes like deployment

Models, Service Models, and user Models. This study

proposed five steps for the migration process to cloud

computing environments such as preparation,

analysis, migration, cloud migration concluding,

maintenance, and provider management. Also, it

presents a collection of recommendations for a

successful and efficient migration process. However,

this study suffers from an extensive theoretical

analysis.

Safiya Okai et al. (Okai, 2014) holistically

identified the adoption roadmap by announcing the

seven stages for the migration process from a

traditional environment to a cloud one. The effecting

of such stages is summarized in transcending

enterprises' concerns over the security of their data,

overriding fears of mistrust of the cloud service

provider, and then develop a clear roadmap to move

to the cloud. Moreover, it discussed the main

challenges faced by this technology. Finally, this

study tested two practical samples for universities;

however, this study does not explain the real cloud

environment used in the work and does not discuss

the obtained results in detail.

Massadeh and Meslah (Massadeh, 2013)

illustrated the standard cloud adoption model for

Jordanian universities by describes the importance

and the challenges facing higher education in Jordan.

Also, the authors consider the implementation of

cloud computing in the education sector will be a

good financial support model for the universities in

Jordanian that do not have sufficient infrastructure

resources to manage the required IT support for

development, educational, and research activities

(Okai, 2014).

Mohsen A. et al. (Attaran, 2017), shows the main

philosophies and possibilities of the cloud, as applied

to the current education era. This paper discussed the

main benefits of cloud technology and offered some

ways to adapt it and evolving trends. Additionally,

this study pinpoints key adoption factors and clarifies

some of the rules that might be taken to run the cloud

technology in education. Finally, two universities,

Bryant and Roger Williams have been taken as a

sample to implement the education based on cloud

technology. However, this study does not examine the

obtained results in detail and computes the

performance of the cloud.

Qiuyan GUO (Guo, 2013) proposed the cloud-

computing platform for the education sector to reduce

the problem of developing the university

management system and the cost of maintains. This

paper utilized the Google plugin for Eclipse and Java

Web and built a sharing teaching resources platform

for the university network. The obtained result shows

that the high stability and scalability noted with the

cloud platform of teaching resources comparing to the

traditional system. Furthermore, this study provides a

new idea for online sharing teaching-resource using a

cloud model. However, it lacks in result interpretation

and analysis.

Iñaki B. et al. (Bildosola, 2015) developed a cloud

adoption tool that is used to move enterprises from

traditional work to use the cloud era. This tool is

embracing a Software as a Service (SaaS) solution to

use the diagnosis based on a questionnaire to gather

information and provide the end-user with valuable

information. This tool allows generating a particular

cloud road by providing a conceptual report for the

decision-makers. Thus, this study achieved by an

experimental questionnaire by ascertain the degree of

knowledge on cloud computing and identify the most

interesting business area. Finally, the results show the

adoption tool supports the universities to decide on

the possibility of cloud adoption or not. Table 1

summarizes the cloud platform that is used, goals, and

drawbacks of surveyed studies.

As shown in Table 1, we can conclude that cloud

computing is an essential field in the education sector.

In addition, due to the dynamic characteristics of

cloud technology, there are many challenges

regarding the adoption process. These challenges lie

to the misunderstanding of the role of cloud

computing in the education environment (education

and management).

Table 1: Existing cloud platforms.

Ref. No.

Testing

model/

vendor

Goal Weakness

(Pardeshi,

2014)

Analytical/

None –

theoretical

study

Migration the

traditional

work to cloud

environment.

extensive

theoretical

analysis.

(Okai,

2014)

Scientific

questionnaire/

Non

Road map for

cloud

adoption

increase the

income

Does not

discussed

the obtained

results in

details.

(Massadeh,

2013)

Analytical/

None –

theoretical

study

Considerable

potential in

improving the

IT application

and

infrastructure

at higher

education

institutions

Does not

explain the

real cloud

vendor or

achieved the

result

interpretation

(Attaran,

2017)

Roger

Williams

University/

Amazon Web

Service and

Navi cloud

Increase the

adopting of

IT in

education

filed and

increase the

income

Does not

discuss the

obtained

results in

details and

compute the

performance

of cloud

(Guo,

2013)

Develop the

university

management

system/

eclipse

High stability

and

scalability

than

traditional

services

technology

Weakness in

interpretation

and analysis

(Bildosola,

2015)

Academic

questionnaire/

Openaula

Developed

cloud

computing

adoption

decision tool

to computing

the efficiency

of cloud

adopting in

education

sector

None

The advent of cloud computing technology

accompanied by many significant challenges,

primary of which are the additional overhead of

remote access to data, infrastructure to guarantee data

privacy, and user interface design for each cloud

service. It is clear from the literature survey that the

current studies do not satisfactorily use real cloud

computing simulator.

3 CAMPUS CLOUD COMPUTING

HEIs are increasingly embracing the ability of cloud

technology to reduce IT-cost operation, to restrain

themselves more quickly to new opportunities and to

become aware of the full potential of their data to

inform strategic decisions about future technology

trends (Ali

, 2020)

. However, HEIs have a unique

mission and vision that affect how decisions about

cloud computing are made. Campus cloud computing

(CCC) can be well-defined as a new style of

computing in education which dynamically scalable

and often virtualized education resources are

delivered as services over the Internet or intranet

(Mohammad

, 2018)

. CCC has become an important

technology and by which students use a variety of

devices including PCs, laptops, smartphones, and

PDAs to access shared software, storage, and

application-development platforms over the Internet

via services offered by cloud computing providers.

Besides that, Unified commutation acts a holistic

solution for higher education institutes and used for

communication and real-time interaction. Also, it

employed to unify the department's communication

and improve administrative efficiency, boost

security, and provide a strong learning environment.

Figure 1 depicts the main component of CCC, which

can be deployed to Iraqi universities.

Figure 1: Campus Cloud computing Components.

Moreover, CCC Service Models consist of three

layers, such as standard layers of cloud computing,

like Campus-Infrastructure as a service (CIaaS),

Campus-Platform as a service (CPaaS), and Campus-

Software as a service (CSaaS). The first layer is

CIaaS responsible for servers, hardware resources,

and the IT department. The second layer is CPaaS

responsible for the execution, database, and

developer. While the third layer is CSaaS responsible

for faculty, staff, students, administration department,

and classes (Kogias, 2016).

Figure 2: Campus Cloud Services.

As shown in figures 1 and 2, CCC consisted of

three types of deployment methods Institutions of

higher education can deploy their resources. The first

one publicly presented as general and cloud providers

are responsible for installation, management,

provisioning, and maintenance (Dong, 2012). The

second one is private clouds often data centers

residing within the educational institution for the

exclusive use and is responsible for the security of

data and maintenance. Finally, a hybrid deployment

module is an association of private and public clouds.

In this case, the management responsibilities are often

split between the education institute and the Public

Cloud providers. This type is more effective due to

combining high security and maintenance

(Chakravarthi, 2018; Masiyev, 2012).

In the campus cloud-computing environment, low

cost and free social interaction publishing (editing,

and content creation) are two fundamentals features

are associated with it. However, the successful

implementing of cloud-computing in HEI needs time

and accurate effort. Because of, many departments

and organization units under the university will be

affected, there are complex decisions to be made, and

various stakeholders must be involved.

4 PROPOSED SOLUTION

This section explains, in detail, the main building of

the CCC followed by an illustrative example of the

interaction between the performed services

embedded in the different modules of CCC. In order

to build a real CCC environment, this section explains

in details the roadmap for success in the cloud

computing and adoption process. Figure 3 depicts that

the cloud adoption strategic plan includes nine stages,

assessment, planning, deployment and services

selection, hosting and provider selection, Service

level agreement (SLA) configurations, Migration,

Integration and the federation, and optimization.

Figure 3: Campus Cloud adoption strategy.

4.1 Assessment

Iraqi universities and other HEI are enthusiastic to use

last trend technologies in the education and

management process methodologies. However, HEI

suffers from a lack of IT-infrastructure and all

universities need to extensively optimize the

infrastructure and develop it. To solve these

challenges, HEIs in Iraq are trying to increase their

awareness in the direction of adopting cloud

computing to get advantages in providing a better

educational environment. Before the adoption

process, HEI should assess the opportunities and

challenges of employing cloud in the institute. This

study achieves a deep assessment in Iraqi universities

by sharing the questionnaire among university staff

and lecturers. The questionnaire includes (23)

questions with 4 answers for each one, after then,

author check and analysis the answers. The

questionnaire shows that almost all university staff

want to use and adapt the technology in education

management and learning. Accordingly, the

questionnaire reveals almost all staff do not have any

experience with the cloud computing technology and

associated services. In this assessment, 100 academic

staff and students from 4 universities participated in

the survey. All questions suggested regarding the

needs of IT and cloud applications in HEI. Fig. 4

illustrates the result of the questionnaire.

Figure 4: Obtained questionnaire results.

The questionnaire has analyzed regard to the

implementation of technology techniques like

electronic gates, internet service, portal applications,

etc., toward the adoption of CCC in Iraqi universities

with standard rules, protocol, services, and regulation.

As shown in figure 2, 1% of the universities

(academic staff and student) does not have any

experience and knowledge about the role of

information technology in university. While, 68 % of

universities (academic staff and students) are friendly

use the cloud applications (desktop or cloudy) that are

freely available by the university or by companies

such as Google, Microsoft, Dropbox, etc. Finally,

through the COVID-19 pandemic, 31% of university

staff achieved all tasks by the internet. Accordingly,

the results of the survey reveal that the adoption of

cloud technology is applicable for Iraqi universities.

Also, before installing cloud services, all universities

need to determine where cloud services will add

value, then a scalable deployment approach must be

planned.

4.2 Planning

After brainstorming all cloud-adoption requirements

in higher education, this step helps university leaders

to determine the type of platforms and services that

are suitable for institutions. Consequently, like

specify the type of cloud deployment (hybrid, private

or public). In this step, many requirements should be

expected to be available like staff, experts, digital

content, and network infrastructure.

Regard to employee, each university should have

the IT-team (department), cloud experts, external cloud

developer experts who will give the professional

experts for university’s IT-team. Also, share the right

people in the right place in order to continuously

update and develop the cloud work under in university.

Moreover, IT-team should identify the practical cloud-

system for the university with the best benchmark to

provide an optimal environment for system migration

to cloud data center with success.

Finally, benchmark help to a new policy

standardization roles and identify the best way for

software federation and integration in the new

education cloud environment.

4.3 Deployment and Services Selection

It's an important phase in the cloud adoption process,

the selection in process for cloud types in HEI.

Moreover, many barriers associated with the selection

process, like security, cost, and privacy. For example,

in private style, a secure environment can be achieved

however not sharing sufficient service among the

university or college, and cannot achieve the term of

elasticity, scalability, and flexibility with such type of

deployment (Masiyev, 2012). Nevertheless, with the

public cloud everything being to become optimal,

however, the big concern can be summarized in

security and privacy. Accordingly, the hybrid cloud is

an optimal deployment for university and HEI as an

optimal solution for cloud adoption. The hybrid cloud

offers scalability without limitations; it is more

profitable, gives the desired security, and provides

great flexibility by charitable its users the occasion to

discover unique operational opportunities (Ahmed,

2017; Baniyounes, 2019).

Regard to services layer, it is significant to

identify which kind of service models is most

appropriate to meet the needs and achieve the ideas of

migrating to the cloud. Architecturally, Campus

cloud uses Campus infrastructure as service (CIaaS),

Campus platform as a service (CPaaS), and Campus

software as a service (CaaS) Layers like cloud

technology. CIaaS supplies everything: storage,

servers, quota, and cloud-networking equipment's as

a service. CPaaS provides the stage for IT-team to

create and host their programs and applications;

moreover, it is responsible for creating and hosting

campus applications over the Internet. Services on this

layer to eradicate the need to build and manage

instances of virtual machines. CPaaS gives permission

access to numerous platforms and developer

languages, so, allowing programmers and students

easy to achieve their tasks by connecting to the cloud.

Whereas CSaaS delivers complete software to the

user via the internet, deploy the applications as a web-

based model, and serves several users. With CSaaS,

not all university staffs are required to set up and

install any applications on their laptop or anxiety

about maintenance and upgrades or update.

University applications like e-learning systems,

admission process, admin, digital repository, email,

account and financial processes, classroom

management system, and other processes can be

allowed on the CSaaS layer.

The choice of the delivery model is dependent on

the type of need. As an optimal HEI setting, each of

these three services going to be valuable as they all

have their unique relevant-characteristic to the need

of the university or college.

4.4 Hosting and Providers Selection

The significance of choosing the right hosting-vendor

can be an over-important thing. The role of hosting-

vendor is the core motivation of cloud adoption in

HEI, due the success or failure of the cloud hosting

its direct effect on the adoption process and strongly

connect with the provider delivering the service.

Therefore, it is critical to scrutinize the selected

hosting-vendor before outsourcing data or files

(Ahmed, 2017).

The most important purviews of hosting selection

are (i) service provider dependable, (ii) the location

of the outsourcing data stored, (iii) trust and security.

4.5 Making Service Level Agreement

The service level agreement (SLA) is a very vital

criterion for the cloud adoption mainly in migration

and integration phases. In nutshell, SLA acts binding

agreement between the HEI and the cloud provider.

SLA should convey and permitted upon by means of

the HEI and selected hosting-provider before the deal

is signed. Such negotiations must consist of the

following points:

- Services interruptions: have to be scheduled

(maintenance, updates and check bugs).

- Service transformation: have to be assured (no-

postpone and no facts' loss).

- Service cost: any additional services have to be

outlined and specify the cost.

- Service availability: an immediate statistics

restoration plan need to be noted.

4.6 Migration

In this phase two steps should be implemented,

migration planning to migrate the traditional

applications and running applications in the cloud

successfully. The migration plan is to make sure that

the moving process walks in the right direction,

while, the running application is to obtain the result

in the cloud environment. Proactively, the creation of

the baseline should be planned before the move to the

cloud to track issues during the cloud adoption,

demonstrate improvement and success afterward. A

baseline process is a measurement of the current

performance and availability of application then

achieve a comparison after migration to validate a

business case. In some cases, the baseline should be

changed when the perform migration acceptance

testing. Also, the baseline can be used as a

comparison point during the migration to make sure

that the methodology on the right track. The

migration process takes two basic models, listed as

follows (Baniyounes, 2019; Reza, 2017):

- Lift and Shift model: porting applications

directly from the data center to the cloud data

center.

- Re-architecting Model: it's completely focusing

on re-architecting applications to take advantage

of benefits available only in the cloud.

Two above models methodologically follow

numerous steps to achieve a successful migration

process. These steps are:

• Identify application dependencies and

inventory: it is an important point to analyze on-

premise architecture and identify the scope of

migration. If the developer institute-team has a

full understanding of applications, hosts, and

architecture, it already reduces the possibility of

missing dependencies during the migration

process.

• Prioritize migration order: this step is to verify

that the applications and their underlying server

infrastructures are candidates for migration.

Also, get end-to-end visibility and identify

additional cloud migration risks or

dependencies when every layer of an

application's architecture is instrumented.

4.7 Integration and Federation

To create successful integration, all components

should be realizing the complete potential of the

whole cloud investment. Integration is often prepared

using any of the three common traditional methods

such as (Mohammad, 2015):

- On-demand integration tools that associate

numerous clouds together.

- Executing complex on premise application

platforms usually called conventional

middleware solutions.

- Writing custom codes.

Likewise, another method can be achieved by using

standard applications like Boomi Atmosphere by

Dell, Web-Space cast iron by IBM (El-Gazzar, 2014).

Generally, many gaps associated with integration and

migration processes. The gaps are important aspects

of organizational readiness. A gap is a skill or process

that is essential for digital transformation. So, all

companies take precautions to avoid the gap problem

like Enumeration responsibilities with the digital

transformation, Emphasizing new responsibilities,

identifying the zone or zones that bring into line with

each responsibility, Identifying the necessary skills to

support each responsibility in resource availability

and responsibility deadline, Identifying the roles that

execute such skills (see figure 5).

Figure 5: Integration and federation process.

Besides the integration process, the federation

process is another important parameter in the cloud

adoption plan. The importance of cloud federation

comes from the role of it enables the cost-effective,

dynamic sharing of idle cloud resources and services.

In addition, it supports the cloud members to ensure

QoS and availability by helping the members sign

SLA. In this study, the federal rule going to be defined

to guarantee cloud performance through the sharing

resources and dynamic resource allocation.

Therefore, federation stakeholders should deploy a

preferably automated service selection mechanism

that uses a predefined set of QoS criteria offered by

providers and mentioned in SLA (Almazroi, 2019).

4.8 Optimization

While all the HEI needs to follow all previously

mentioned stages for the cloud adoption plan. Yet,

they will also need to streamline that stages-plan and

investigate new rules with opted cloud services from

anticipated statues. The process of optimization is

important because new insights into cloud services

are found when they are fully used. Such encounters

will result in changes in the cloud adoption plan

accordingly. During cloud adoption, avoiding

common faults helps bring an edge over others

(Baniyounes, 2019; Kim, 2018). Even after taking the

first step towards cloud adoption, companies tend to

worry about ways to handle, protect, and optimize the

cloud but fail miserably. The best solution to cloud

adoption problems is to begin with an optimal and

appropriate cloud adoption plan.

5 CCC PLATFORM MODULES

CCC combines the traditional university management

system and cloud model, aiming to deliver high

quality and consistent services, reducing associated

costs for HEI, and providing recommendations to

HEI for successful and efficient migration of its

traditional system to cloud environments. As shown

in Figure. 6, CCC modules consist of student module,

teacher module, staff module, auditor module, and

cloud-system administrator's module.

Figure 6: CCC main building module.

In the student module, the teaching resources are too

important in fast downloads, efficient retrieval, and

providing feedback to the practical needs of the

student. While the teacher module is to meet the

teacher's requirements for uploading and deleting the

sharing-learning resources. The staff module is used

by the cloud platform to achieve all management

processes and achieve the post for university

departments. The auditor module is mostly to ensure

the system auditors audit and manage the entire

learning resources. Finally, the cloud-system

administrator module is mainly responsible for cloud

maintenance and solves the gaps through the sharing

resource on the platform, such as the user's

management, resources, and systems, and so on.

The Merging between student, teacher, staff,

auditor, and system administrator's modules have

been explored new functional models like registering

and landing, query, online editor, resource

management, system management, personal

information management, and GUI.

As an algorithmic work, CCC platform consists of

three major parties:

- The cloud service provider (administrator)-

(CSP): who manages and controls the

deployment service and data for the ordinary

VM, according to resource availability (R).

- Cloud Auditor (A), which holds the user

credential and responsible to set up the required

software such word, office programs for the

assigned VM, and user-local machine.

- Beneficiaries (Students, Teachers, and Staff)

(B), who probably use or share data at a CSaaS

platform that is managed by CSP.

All the above parties connected through the

cloud-system platform and work concurrently.

Initially, in order to register a new one, cloud-

Beneficiaries(B) request a secure connection form

CSP, then, CSP checks the validity of the user

(original or spammer attack) based on authentication

function. CSP adds authenticated users to the user

group in the system platform. Then, cloud users can

get a secure credential for the login process.

Moreover, In order to understand the working

mechanism, the following illustrative example

explains in detail all operations under the cloud-

system platform.

5.1 An Illustrative Example

This is a simple example that illustrates the working

mechanism of CCC platform modules using an online

connection and explains the obtained results and

actions taken by the system. The system interactions

are written in normal font, the user behaviors are in

bold, and our explanation to some actions will be in

CAPITAL letter.

THE SYSTEM ASKS THE USER TO LOG IN OR

Agents: Cloud-system administrator and B

B >> beginning send the query to the cloud-system

based on client screen.

csp>> sign in or register as a new user,

B >> fill the required information and password

THE CLIENT_ID AND THE PASSWORD WILL

BE SAVED.

System CSP >> check the identity for B machine;

assign it to cloud-domain.

>> welcome B " - Nickname”; this is a new page for

you.

B >> send the request to reserve VM from the

system.

System CSP>> verify the resources (VMs

availability), choose appropriate of them.

System CSP>> assign IP-VM and credential to end

user via cloud- domain.

B >> enter the assigned user name and password

via sharing login form.

System CSP>> return the successful connection;

deploy required service according to module query.

B >> Invoke to build a task (learning, teaching,

management).

IN THIS CASE, THE SYSTEM deploy an

appropriate template.

System

CSP

>> Running the required applications

B >> check the User-Management, information

audit, resource availability.

System

csp

>> prepare the quote for B.

B >> prepare file and work on machine.

B >> save the documents in the cloud-system.

System

csp

>> files have been saved successfully.

B >> sign out from the system.

User>> sign out from the system.

Second: - Download Data from the Campus-Cloud

B >> sign in

B >> customer_id

B >> *******

System> Verifying the “customer_id” and the

password.

System >> welcome “customer_id”.

THE SYSTEM PREPARES THE GENERAL

INFORMATION FOR THE Beneficiaries SUCH AS

(REMAINDER SPACE, NUMBERS OF FILES

STORED IN HIS ACCOUNT, PREVIEW THIS

FILE FOR DOWNLOADING)

System

cloud provider

>> Reply the trusted VM-IP to the

User>> turn-on client screen to start verifying

with a cloud provider for authenticate process

User

client screen

>> send query to retrieve the

documents (d).

System

cloud provider

>> sending the unknown file (d’) to

authorized users.

User>> download the files and browse them.

System >> files have been sent successfully.

User>> sign out from the system.

AFTER THE SYSTEM FINISHES THE

DOWNLOAD MECHANISM, IT WILL BE

READY TO PERFORM ANY NEW OPERATION.

6 ANALYTICAL ANALYSIS

Despite the significant role of cloud technology in

HEI, however, the implementation of cloud

computing in HEI surrounds by many challenges.

This study depicted many challenges like little of

experience with the cloud technology field, security,

and privacy. Open environment characteristics are a

popular feature that is associated with cloud

technology, so, security and privacy are big concerns

in cloud technology. This section illustrates the

analytical analysis for this paper by focusing on

embracing the role of cloud in HEI through

measuring the performance, agility usage, and cost.

- Performance: - the efficiency measurement of

the cloud adoption in HEI is a core point for

applicability or not. Accordingly, the

performance is the responsibility of the end-

users in the cloud environment and is largely

based on university IT teams' ability to expect

resources-availability that are need-based on

user demands. The performance-measurement

process is very important for the real-time

calculation for user's requests. Thus, the real

work of the university-IT team helps to sure and

understand the size of instances, which in turn,

assigning sufficient resources to each

application.

- Agility usage: - generally, two types of agility

have been released with campus cloud

computing.

i. Developer's agility offered to create

business applications.

ii. Infrastructure and IT team agility to

empower developers, managing the use of

resources, and continuously maintaining

performance.

Agility does not come without a mindful way to deal

with the picking cloud stage. The campus cloud

makes the agility is conceivable, however, does not

promise it. Significantly, without ensured

performance agility is futile. Moreover, despite many

benefits from implementing the campus cloud by

providing useful infrastructure, tools, and platforms,

the lack of integration with the home developed

system. Which in turn, led to an increase the data

redundancy and poor data management. Additionally,

the experience and agility level of university staff

need to develop and optimize by training and share

the concept of campus cloud computing. Currently,

Iraqi HEI the job of IT offices has been developing

particularly inside bigger universities. As the

utilization of cloud-based services expanded, central

IT started to play the job as a specialist in cloud

administrations to guarantee proper management,

governance, and control.

- Cost: - campus cloud computing offers a lower

cost per transaction or service. However, the

costs can quickly rise contingent upon what

number of VMs are being facilitated in the

cloud. With campus-cloud, the well-known

statement is "pay for what you think you will

use." accordingly, the university-IT team needs

to select some instances that should be running

in the cloud data center and needed resources as

demand. The performance benefits and the cost

savings are considerable if instances are

appropriately sized based on real-time

application demand.

7 CONCLUSION AND FUTURE

WORKS

Cloud computing is a new technology for developing

a significant option in the education and management

process. Higher education institutes (HEI) should

allocate adequate cost to offer resources to deliver

education services with the newest technology.

However, due to the economic crises experienced by

the countries especially with COVID19 pandemic,

the financial support for higher education institutions

has decreased. Thus, education continues to keep

pace with technology by available resources and

exploit them with the rapid development of

technology.

Accordingly, HEIs are quickly taking the

adoption of cloud technology to reduce the service

cost, to deliver more productivity in learning and

management process, and to offer higher responsive

for data retriever, to assist in decision-making. This

paper proposed CCC system solution that is defined

as the holistic adoption plan for cloud computing that

includes nine stages. In addition, this paper built a

questionnaire focused on the usage rate of using IT

among the academic and university staff. The

obtained result shows that more than 68% of

university staff are precipitate to use internet family

applications in their work. Nevertheless, they do not

have enough knowledge about the term cloud

computing.

Moreover, this study concludes that performance,

agility usage, and cost are basic parameters that

motivate the use of campus cloud technology in HEIs.

Therefore, CCC helps to provide an abundance in

cost, HR, time, and help the university staff to achieve

their tasks at anytime, anywhere. Our attempt enjoys

certain advantages when compared with the others,

especially concerning the adoption of the strategic

plan. It can be considered as the first campus cloud

environment that defines in detail the working

mechanism for each stage in the adoption plan.

Finally, this study opens the door for universities,

authors, and students to obtain the developing plan.

Also, authors going to develop a practical

environment of CCC using Hyper-V and

implementing it at the University of Fallujah.

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