Mapping of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Seaweed

Cultivation Area in Geranting Island Waters

Oktavianto Gustin

, Muhammad Zainuddin Lubis

, Arif Roziqin

, Tri Agus Pertiwi

Budhi Agung Prasetyo

Geomatics Engineering, Politeknik Negeri Batam, Batam, Indonesia

Marine Environmental Science, Institut Teknologi Sumatera, Lampung, Indonesia

Keywords: Seaweed, Interpolation, Temperature, DO, pH, Visibility

Abstract: Seaweed is a marine resource that has very high value. In addition, seaweed cultivation is easy because it

takes a relatively short time, requires a small fee, and also the need for seaweed continues to increase. This

study aims to determine the relationship between each parameter of both physical and chemical marine

seaweed cultivations in the location and present it in the form of maps. The study was conducted in the waters

of Geranting Island, Belakang Padang District, Batam City. in this study, parameters were measured directly

in the field and using interpolation to determine the value of the surrounding parameters. The parameters in

this study are temperature, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, and Visibility. The final results of this study are maps

of Physical and Chemical Parameters of the Sea between stations. The temperature obtained from stations 1-

4 ranged from 28.1 - 29.7 0C, the results of the Visibility ranged from 1.5 - 2.5 m, the DO values ranged from

21.7 - 29 mg/L, and for pH values ranged between 4.8 - 4.9. According to the field data temperature parameters

at all stations, and visibility parameters at stations 2, 3, 4 are suitability with seaweed cultivation area. Based

on the field data visibility parameters at Station 1, pH, and DO parameters at all stations are not suitable with

seaweed cultivation criteria. Information of the distribution of physical and chemical parameter values of the

waters in the Geranting Island seaweed cultivation can be seen in the resulting maps.

1 INTRODUCTION

Batam City is one of the cities in Indonesia which has

a larger sea area than the land area. Batam is one of

the cities in Indonesia with large industrial,

residential and commercial land needs (Gustin and

Roziqin, 2019), it continues to grow rapidly

according to previous studies (Gustin, Roziqin, &

Fatulloh, 2018; Roziqin, Gustin, and Syari, 2018).

Thus in the city of Batam, it has abundant marine

natural resources. One of the marine natural resources

in Batam is seaweed. Lately, seaweed has many

advantages such as in the field of trade, which is very

famous in the world. This seaweed cultivation can

improve the economy of the people in Batam City

because of the high demand and needs of the

seaweed.

Water conditions are very important to consider

by taking into account the state of the physical

parameters of the sea including sea surface

temperature, water brightness and dissolved oxygen

available in the water (Antoni, et al., 2019; Lubis, et

al., 2018). Some things to consider and excel are,

among others, wide open export market

opportunities, relatively stable prices, there are no

trade restrictions or quotas for seaweed, the

cultivation technology is simple so it is easy to

master, the cultivation cycle is relatively short, capital

requirements are relatively small, commodities which

are irreplaceable because there is no synthetic

product.

The seaweed cultivation business is classified as a

labor-intensive business that can absorb labor

(Rajagukguk, 2009). Therefore, further research can

be done on the physical and chemical parameters of

marine seaweed cultivation in Batam so that people

in Batam know the importance of marine physical and

chemical parameters for seaweed cultivation. In

conducting this research, the physical parameters are

temperature and visibility, while the chemical

parameters of seawater are pH and Dissolved Oxygen

(DO). in this study, parameters were measured

directly in the field and using interpolation to

determine the value of the surrounding parameters.

Gustin, O., Lubis, M., Roziqin, A., Pertiwi, T. and Prasetyo, B.

Mapping of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Seaweed Cultivation Area in Geranting Island Waters.

DOI: 10.5220/0010351600580063

In Proceedings of the 3rd Inter national Conference on Applied Engineering (ICAE 2020), pages 58-63

ISBN: 978-989-758-520-3

A lot of industrial activities, dense settlement and

sea transportation in the west coast of Batam Island,

Riau Islands has the opportunity to make a major

contribution to the heavy metal content in the region.

Research on water conditions by looking at the

condition of physical parameters is very useful to

provide information for the future.

Table 1: Criteria fitness for seaweed cultivation

(Ardiansyah et al., 2016).

o Parameter The

Range

Appropriateness Reference

1 Temperature

(c)

28-31 25-30 Ditjenkanbud,

2005

2 Salinity

(

)

30-33 28-33 Anggadiredja

et al., 2008

3 pH 8 6-9 Aslan, 1998

4 DO (ppm) 3.2-

7.8

3-8 Ditjenkanbud,

2008

5 Visibility

(m)

2.1-

2.4

2-15 Anggadiredja

et al., 2008

6 Depth (m) 4.6-

5.1

0.2-0.4 Poncomuyo

et al., 2006

7 Current

strength

(m/s)

0.1-

0.2

0.2-0.4 Anggadiredja

et al., 2008

8 Nitrate

(mg/l)

0.05-

0.06

0.02-0.04 Effendi,

2003

9 Phosphate

(mg/l)

0.05-

0.07

0.02-1.0 Sulistijo,

1996

Seaweed is one of the marine plants that are

classified in benthic macro algae, which is more

inherent in the seabed. Seaweed is algae that lives in

the sea and belongs to the thallophyta division.

Classification of seaweed-based on pigment content

consists of 4 classes, namely green seaweed

(Chlorophyta), red seaweed (Rhodophyta), brown

seaweed (Phaeophyta) and blond seaweed

(Chrysophyta). This seaweed is a group of marine

plants that have indistinguishable properties between

the roots, stems, and leaves. All parts of the plant are

called a thallus, so seaweed is classified as a low-level

plant (Dahuri, 2003).

2 RESEARCH METHODS

2.1 Research Sites

The research activity was carried out in Geranting

Island Waters, Belakang Padang District. The

location can be seen in Figure 1. The material used in

this study is the primary data. The primary data in the

form of sea surface temperature, water brightness,

and dissolved oxygen distribution were measured in

situ in 2017. The data processing was carried out at

Politeknik Negeri Batam.

Figure 1: Research location.

2.2 Tools and Materials

The tools used are laptops, cellphone cameras, GPS

Garmin GPSMap 78S, DO meters, pH meters, Secchi

disks, Thermometers, stationery. The material used is

the Batam City Administration Map.

2.3 Methods

The field survey was conducted to test the field

validation by taking temperature, dissolved oxygen

(DO), pH, and visibility parameters. Temperature

parameters are taken using a thermometer, dissolved

oxygen using a DO meter, the pH uses a pH meter,

and the visibility is taken using a secchi disk with the

formula (1), whereas the T value is the visible value

and TT is the invisible value from the results of data

retrieval with Secchi disk. The research flow can be

seen on Figure 2.

Visibility = (T + TT) /2 (1)

2.4 Research Procedure

Data collection and processing as in Figure 2 research

flow diagram, the details are as follows:



determine the suitable location for doing

research,



prepare survey tools,



perform calibration on the survey tools,

Mapping of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Seaweed Cultivation Area in Geranting Island Waters

Figure 2: Research flow chart.



next, start doing field measurements to get

the coordinates, visibility, temperature, DO,

and pH.



display graphs on each parameter using

Microsoft Excel software.



make a contour map of the relationships

between parameters using a Surfer.



and make a map of each parameter using

Arcmap.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 The Results of Temperature

Parameter Data

The results of Temperature Parameter Data come

from a field survey at 4 stations. Station 1 has a value

of 28.3

C, station 2 has a value of 28.1

C, station 3

has a value of 29.7

C, and station 4 has a value of

29.5

C. Seen from table 1 for its temperature, the four

stations include the appropriate criteria because the

temperature suitability values range from 25-30

These results indicate that the temperature of the

waters is relatively stable and can be interpreted as

stable sunlight (intensity) in this region because the

high and low temperature of the waters is very

dependent on the intensity of sunlight. Vertical

distribution of temperature can be seen on Figure 3.

Figure 3 is the result of the vertical distribution

between temperature and location. In the vertical

distribution of temperature, there is a low value of

28.1

C around the area of station 1, and the highest

value is 29.7

C around the station areas 2, 3, and 4.

Based on Figure 4, it can be seen that the

temperature distribution value of the research

location is in the range of 28.3-29.5

3.2 The Results of Visibility Parameter

Data

The results of Visibility Parameter Data come from a

field survey at 4 stations. Station 1 has a value of 1.5

m, station 2 has a value of 2 m, station 3 has a value

of 2.5 m, and station 4 has a value of 2 m. Seen from

Table 1, only stations 2, 3, and 4 could fulfil the

criteria, while station 1 is not appropriate because the

suitability value for visibility is in the range of 2-15

meters. From observations in the field, the obtained

visibility value of 2-15 m. It shows that the value of

the intensity of the sun entering the waters is quite

high. This condition shows that waters have very low

dissolved organic matter content. Vertical

distribution of visibility can be seen in Figure 5.

Figure 3: Temperature vertical distribution.

Figure 4: Map of sea temperature distribution.

ICAE 2020 - The International Conference on Applied Engineering

Figure 5 is the result of the vertical distribution

between visibility and location. In the vertical

distribution of visibility, there is a low value of 1.5 m

around the area of station 3, and the highest value is

2.5 m around the station areas 2.

Based on Figure 6, it can be seen that the visibility

value of the research location is in the range of 1.5-2

meters.

3.3 The Results of Dissolved Oxygen

(DO) Parameter Data

The results of the DO Parameter Data is from a field

survey at 4 stations. Station 1 has a value of 29 mg/L,

station 2 has a value of 22.9 mg/L, station 3 has a

value of 23.9 mg/L, and station 4 has a value of 21.7

mg/L. Seen from Table 1, the four stations are

included in the criteria that are less appropriate

because the suitability value for DO is in the range of

3-8 mg / L.

Figure 5: Visibility vertical distribution.

Figure 6: Map of sea visibility distribution.

Figure 7 is the result of the vertical distribution

between DO and location. In the vertical distribution

of DO, there is a low value of 21.5 mg/L around the

area of station 4, and the highest value is 29 mg/L

around the station areas 3. The value of dissolved

oxygen in the waters of the isthmus produces a value

that is between 21.5-21.9 mg/L. The condition of

sunlight fluctuates between bright light and dim light.

During the process of sunlight, the activity of

photosynthesis is a major factor in the provision of

some dissolved oxygen in the waters of the island of

Genting. When the sun sets, diffusion of oxygen from

the atmosphere is the biggest contributor to dissolved

oxygen in addition to the movement of water mass

(turbulence).

Based on Figure 8, it can be seen that the DO

value of the research location is in the range of 21.7-

29 mg/L.

Figure 7: DO vertical distribution.

Figure 8: Map of sea DO distribution.

3.4 The Results of pH Parameter Data

The results of pH Parameter Data come from a field

survey at four stations. Station 1 has a value of 4.9,

station 2 has a value of 4.8, station 3 has a value of

Mapping of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Seaweed Cultivation Area in Geranting Island Waters

4.9, and station 4 has a value of 4.8 mg/L. Seen from

table 1, the four stations are included in the criteria

that are less appropriate because the suitability value

for pH is in the range of 6-9. The observations found

that the waters are in the pH range from 4.8 to 4.9

and the salinity of around 33 ‰. These results show

that these waters are quite stable and meet the criteria

as the location of waters that have not been polluted,

and these waters can be categorized as waters that are

can be used as a place of cultivation.

Figure 9 is the result of the vertical distribution

between pH and location. In the vertical distribution

of pH, there is a low value of 4.8 around the area of

station 2 and 4, while the highest value is 4.9 around

the station areas 1 and 3. Based on Figure 10, it can be

seen that the pH value of the research location is in

the range of 4.8-4.9.

Figure 9: pH vertical distribution.

Figure 10: Map of sea pH distribution.

This shows that the waters of Lampung Bay are

included in fertile waters (Anggoro, 1983), where it

shows the results that suggest the distribution of the

values of the distribution of brightness, distribution of

dissolved oxygen and sea surface temperature which

can be categorized as fertile waters. The saturated

oxygen level will be reached if the dissolved oxygen

content of the waters is theoretically the same as the

dissolved oxygen level. Unsaturated oxygen levels

occur if dissolved oxygen levels are lower than

dissolved oxygen levels (Effendi, 2003).

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the objectives and results of the study, the

conclusions of this study are:

 Field data temperature parameters at all

stations and visibility parameters at stations 2,

3, 4 meet the suitability criteria for

appropriate seaweed cultivation.

 According to the field data visibility

parameters at Station 1, pH and DO

parameters at all stations are not following the

suitability criteria for appropriate seaweed

cultivation.

 The resulting maps show the location and also

the distribution of physical and chemical

parameter values that exist in the seaweed

cultivation in Geranting Island waters.

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Mapping of Physical and Chemical Parameters of Seaweed Cultivation Area in Geranting Island Waters