Anthropometric Body Dimensions Approach: Table Design

Cross-section on Tools Evaporation Rate

Rullie Annisa

, Hanifudin Sukri

, Hairil Budiarto

, Ach Dafid

Departement of Industrial Engineering, University Of Trunojoyo Madura, Indonesia

Departement of Mechatronics Engineering, University of Trunojoyo Madura, Indonesia

ach.dafid@trunojoyo.a.id

Keywords: Anthropometric Body Dimensions, Ergonomic Design, Cross-section Table.

Abstract: The cross-section table is one of many support to the make the Evaporation Tools. The Function of the cross-

section table is to place the sensor devices. The differences topography of salt ponds is one of the factors that

must be considered in making the design of the table that oriented to user operation. Ergonomics that used to

makes the design of the table is the anthropometry body dimensions approach. Based on the 95% percentile

of Madurese anthropometry, then the table is designed flexibly. The flexibility can be seen in height control

features of the table the which has a maximum height of 159 cm and a minimum height of 88 cm based on

the D1 and D2 dimensions, the table foot locker features has a length dimension of 98 cm based on D1 , D2

and D3 in a row of 1715.5 mm, 1634.6 mm and 1437.1 mm for adjusting the height of the table cross-section

features a handle with a high of 11 cm and the handle of the ball diameter of 4 cm based on the dimensions

D28 and D29 to the 95th percentile male in a row at 185.6 mm and 95.5 mm for moving the position of the

table sectional pulling and pressing. The length and width of the table by 56 cm cross section are based on the

dimensions of 54cm by dimension D33 and D23, D24 and D25. The use of anthropometry is intended that

the user can be comfortable when use the evaporation of tools without difficulty because the table design was

made based on the operator dimensions using anthropometry approach.

1 INTRODUCTION

The table is one of many support to the make the

Evaporation Tools. The function of the table is to

place the sensors or the other devices that support the

evaporation tools, therefore the table of the

evaporation tools are needs to designed. According to

the function. In addition, the design of the table. Also

needs to Consider the user's need Because it is

important to designing the product According to the

user antropometry. (Sutalaksana, 1999). It is intended

that the design of the table in accordance with user

needs in a functional, technical and technological,

economical, aesthetic and ergonomic.

A product design is said to be ergonomic when it

Consider various aspect, one of the which is the

anthropometric aspect. To obtain a proper

comparison between products made with the end user

needs anthropometric data, where the characteristics

of a country will show a variety of different (H. I.

Castellucci, 2019). According to the research results

of Yu-Chi Lee (2019) anthropometric data can be

used for a relevant consideration in the development

of ergonomic products, equipment, and design

workstations. The use of anthropometry for the

design of tools, equipment and working environment

that is well designed, can improve productivity,

safety, comfortable and work performances

(Klamklay et al, 2008). Pheasant (2003) also added

that the anthropometry is a very important part of

ergonomics.

Anthropometry is a study relating to the

dimensions of the body that the body size, shape,

strength and capacity for work (S.Z.M. Dawal et al,

2012) relating to the design (J.J Shiru et al, 2012) and

composition of the human body / end user (J.

Majumder, 2014) that aims to improve productivity

and reduce musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs)

(P.Salunke et al, 2015). Anthropometry that the data

used in the design of to improve safety and comfort,

the design of equipment and facilities in the country

of Indonesia should take into account the ethnic

differences in anthropometric in Indonesia

(A.Widyanti, 2015).

Annisa, R., Sukri, H., Budiarto, H. and David, A.

Anthropometric Body Dimensions Approach: Table Design Cross-section on Tools Evaporation Rate.

DOI: 10.5220/0010307100003051

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Culture Heritage, Education, Sustainable Tourism, and Innovation Technologies (CESIT 2020), pages 249-255

ISBN: 978-989-758-501-2

249

Based on this, the table design as the evaporation

tools support is designed by considering the

functions, technical and ergonomic aspects with the

anthropometry approach. The table is the Madurese

male dimension. This is because the evaporation of

tools is designed for Madura salt farmers as the users

so that the table design accordance with the Madura

salt farmers dimension.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Ergonomics is one of the sciences that Identifies and

collects the informations about the data related human

or behaviors, abilities, limitations and the

characteristics. The information is used to design a

productive, safe and effective comfort of machine,

equipment, work systems and work environment.

Ergonomics is a systematic branch of science to

Utilize information about human behavior, abilities

and limitations in designing a system optimize work

so that goals can be Achieved Effectively, safely and

comfortably (Sutalaksana, 1999). To make products

by holding ergonomic principles in the design and

work system, anthropometry approach has been used

for a long time (I.W Taifa et al, 2017).

Kroemer and Grandjean (2005) define that

anthropometry as the science of measuring the

dimensions of the human body and an important

factor in considering the process of designing

facilities or equipment. Because anthropometry is

used as a task adjustment with humans. Three

principles of applying anthropometric data in

designing various products that depend on the type of

product. The first principle of the design principle for

extreme individuals, in the form of a design made can

be used by extreme individuals, which is too large or

small compared to the average to fulfill the target,

then a large percentile is used (90th, 95th or 99th

percentile) or a small percentile ( 1th, 5th or 10th

percentile). The second principle of the design

principle that can be adjusted, in the form of

designing products that can be adjusted to the wishes

of consumers like in the car seat. The last principle is

the principle of designing the average size, in the

form of design based on the average human size. This

principle is used if the design of designed must be

used for various sizes of the human body

(Wingnjosoebroto S, 2008).The dimensions of the

human body anthropometric have symbols in the

form of numbers that have Reviews their meanings to

make it Easier to write, Anthropometric dimensions

of the human body proposed by Pheasent (2003) there

are 36 body dimensions items, as show in Figure 1.

Figure 1: 36-dimensional image of the body.

Pulat (1992) offers a product design concept to

support the efficiency and safety in the use of product

design. The concept is designed for reliability,

comfort, duration of use, ease of use, and efficient in

use. So that each product design to meet the desires

of the wearer it should be done through several

approaches including:

a. Knowing the needs of the user. User

requirements can be defined based on the needs

and market orientation, interviews with

potential product users and uses personal

experience.

b. The function of the product in detail. Specific

function products that can satisfy the user must

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be explained in detail through a list of items

each function of the product.

c. Perform analysis on product design tasks.

d. Developing products.

e. Test against the user of the product.

An ergonomic product design called when

attention to several aspects, among others;

anthropometric, physiological, biomechanical and

psychological compatible with human users. In

designing a product should be user-oriented

production, distribution friendly, friendly installation,

user operation and maintenance friendly. In the

design of a product that is very important to note is a

human-centered design of the wearer or the human

centered design (Sutalaksana, 1999).

3 RESEARCH APPROACH

This study took place in laboratory ergonomics and

system design work, starting in July up to August

2019. The need for a cross-table as one of the

supporting tools evaporation rate, according to the

functions and human needs as a user, then the cross-

section table design should pay attention to

ergonomic factors, one important aspect in designing

appropriate ergonomic factors that aspect of

anthropometry. Kroemer and Grandjean (2005)

defines as the science of measurement

anthropometric dimensions of the body and become

an important factor in considering the process of

designing facilities or equipment, because

anthropometry is used for adjustment with a human

task. Body dimensions are used as a cross-reference

table that manufacture body dimension data

Madurese man who quoted from research Fikri

(2017) in his research related Anthropometric

Measurement of Ethnicity Young Adult community

Madura. That is because the user of the tool brine

evaporation rate with the supporting cross-section

table that is still devoted to Madura. The dimensions

of the body of Madurese man who used to design the

cross-section of the table, as shown in Table 1.

Table 1: The dimensions of the body of Madurese man who

used to design the cross-section of the table.

No Notation

Dimensions

Dimensions Definition

1 D1 High Body The vertical

distance from the

floor to the top

of the hea

2 D2 high-Eye

The vertical

distance from the

floor to the

outside corner of

the right eye

3 D3 High Shoulder

The vertical

distance from the

floor to the top

of the right

shoulder

(acromion) or

the tip of the

right shoulder

lade

4 D23

The length of

the forearm

The horizontal

distance from the

forearm was

measured from

the back of the

right elbow to

the tip of the

middle finge

5 D24

Long-range

arms forward

The distance

from the top of

the right

shoulder

(acromion) to the

tip of the middle

finger right hand

elbow and right

wrist straight

6 D25

Shoulder

length grip

arms forward

The distance

from the top of

the right

shoulder

(acromion) to the

center of the

cylinder rod is

gripped by the

right hand,

elbow and wrist

straight

7 D28 light-fingered

Distance from

the wrist crease

to the tip of the

middle finger of

the right hand

with the hands

and all fingers

straight and

open.

8 D29

The width of

the hand

The distance

between the two

sides outside the

four books right

hand fingers are

positioned

straight and

meetings

9 D33

The width of

the hand

The distance is

measured from

the tip of the

elbow right hand

to the left hand

end of the elbow.

Anthropometric Body Dimensions Approach: Table Design Cross-section on Tools Evaporation Rate

251

By using a percentile 95%, following the body

dimension data Madurese men, as shown in Table 2.

Table 2: a percentile of the body dimensions data Madurese

man who used to design the cross-section of the table.

Dimen

sion

Average ST

DEV

Percentile

5 50 95

D1 165.00 4:00 158.45 165.00 171.55

D2 155.70 4.73 147.94 155.70 163.46

D3 138.10 3:42 132.49 138.10 143.71

D23 46.59 0:51 45.76 46.59 47.42

D24 74.91 1:04 73.20 74.91 76.62

D25 65.96 1:08 64.18 65.96 67.74

D28 17:24 0.80 15.92 17:24 18:56

D29 8:54 0.61 7:54 8:54 9:55

D33 98.64 3:30 93.22 98.64 104.06

4 RESULT AND ANALYSIS

Based on data from the Madurese male body

dimensions, then the cross-sectional design table as a

support tool brine evaporation rate is made by a

production-oriented user, user distribution, user

installation, operation and maintenance user friendly,

human-centered users. As it is reflected in the design

below.

Table cross-section has a minimum height of 88

cm to a maximum of 158. This is because the D1

dimension or dimensions of 171 cm height,

dimension D2 or high dimensional eye has a height of

163 cm. Salt ponds have sometimes erratic

topography of the land does not even mean that

results in the tool will have a slope so that the tool is

not optimal in performing functions and uses.

Anticipating that the tool brine evaporation rate

feature flexibility given that the legs can be added

height. The legs can be added height up to 70 cm so

that the total reaches a maximum height of 193 cm. A

secondary function of the flexibility features that can

be used to adjust the viewing distance between the

user with tools based on the user's body dimensions,

are presented in Figure 2 and Figure 3.

Figure 2: The design of the high position of minimal cross-

section table.

Part A is a table of accessories that will be used as

the handle so as to facilitate the user to change the

position of the table. Part A has a diameter of 40 mm

and the circumference of 125.6 mm so as to facilitate

the operator or user that has the D28 and D29 to the

95th percentile male in a row at 185.6 mm and 95.5

mm for moving the position of the table sectional

pulling and pressing, are presented in Figure 5.

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252

Figure 3: The design of the high position of minimal cross-

section table.

Figure 4: 3D Design sectional table.

Figure 5: 2D Design Part A.

Figure 6: 2D Design Part B.

Pedestal table is divided into the upper and lower

part pedestal table, which will be used as a place for

a container of salt water until the sensors are used on

the appliance, are presented in Figure 6. Pedestal

table has a length of 540 mm outside making it easier

for operators to D33, 95th percentile male of 1040.6

mm to reach all devices on top of it. Alas table also

has a width of 520 mm making it easier for operators

who have D23, D24 and D25 with a 95th percentile

male in a row at 474.2 mm, 766.2 mm and 677.4 mm

to reach all devices that are thereon or therein.

Anthropometric Body Dimensions Approach: Table Design Cross-section on Tools Evaporation Rate

253

Figure 7: 2D Design Part C.

Part C is an outer table legs that will be used as a

buffer table and as a place for part G so that the height

adjustable table. Part C has a height of 1000 mm so

as to facilitate the operator who has a D4 with a 95th

percentile male of 1056.8 mm to perform all

operations with a table in a state of minimum height.

Part C has a diameter of 25 mm and a circumference

of 78.5 mm so as to facilitate the operator who has a

D28 with a 95th percentile male of 185.6 mm for

moving the sectional table by holding the top, as

shown in Figure 7.

Figure 8. 2D Design Part D.

Figure 8 is Design Part D is the inner table leg that

will be used to set the height of the table so as to

facilitate the user to adjust the table so as not skewed

in areas with irregular topography. Part D has a length

of 980 mm so as to facilitate the users with D1, D2

and D3 with a 95th percentile male in a row of 1715.5

mm, 1634.6 mm and 1437.1 mm for adjusting the

height of the table cross-section.

5 CONCLUSIONS

One approach in manufacturing ergonomic table

design cross-section, is anthropometry body

dimensions. Based on anthropometric data base

Madurese percentile male with 95%, then the

table is designed with a flexible cross-section.

Flexibility can be seen from the design features

height adjustment table cross-section that is a

maximum height of 158cm and a minimum of

88cm based on the dimensions D1 and D2, this

is because the D1 dimension or dimensions of

171 cm height, dimension D2 or high

dimensional eye has a height of 163 cm. Lock

feature table leg cross-section has a length of 98

cm is based on the dimensions D1, D2, D3 in a

row of 1715.5 mm, 1634.6 mm and 1437.1 mm

for adjusting the height of the table cross-section

features a handle with a high of 11 cm and the

handle of the ball diameter of 4 cm based on the

dimensions D28 and D29 to the 95th percentile

male in a row at 185.6 mm and 95.5 mm for

moving the position of the table sectional pulling

and pressing. The length and width of the table

by 56 cm cross section are based on the

dimensions of 54cm by dimension D33 and D23,

D24 and D25.

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