An Analysis to Set the Regulation up for Tourism Industry in New
Normal Pandemic of Covid-19
Indra Surya Permana
1
, Taufik Hidayat
2
and Rahutomo Mahardiko
3
1
Department of Economic Science, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Cirebon, Cirebon, Indonesia
2
Department of Computer Engineering, Universitas Wiralodra, Indramayu, Indonesia
3
Department of Software Service, Platinumetrix Pte. Ltd, Jakarta, Indonesia
Keywords: Covid-19, Tourism Industry, The Regulation, Qualitative Analysis.
Abstract: Indonesian tourism had beautiful destinations for the local and foreign tourists. The number of tourists were
always over than 1 million tourists. Currently, Indonesia suffered to Covid-19 pandemic. It also hit deeply
the Indonesian tourism. The study analyzed the regulation to bring the tourism up. The method used in this
research was qualitative comparative case study, which compared among 3 countries (Indonesia, Malaysia
and Singapore). The results indicated that some regulations from Malaysia and Singapore can be applied in
Indonesia to leverage the national tourism industry, especially e-commerce and e-business.
1 INTRODUCTION
Indonesia always had a place in every tourist’s
hearts because there were so many travel
destinations to visit not only by domestic tourist but
also foreign tourist (Mariyono, 2017). Foreign
tourists who came to Indonesia raised each year
from 14 millions in 2017 to 16 millions in 2019. Up
to April 2020, the number reached up to 2,7 millions
people (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2020). From 2017 to
2020, most of foreign tourists who visited Indonesia
came from Asia and Europe (Xu et al., 2018). From
figure 1, international tourist arrivals who visited
Indonesia based on continent between 2017 up until
April 2020 was dominated by ASEAN, Asia
(exclude ASEAN), Europe, and Oceania (Badan
Pusat Statistik, 2020).
Figure 1: Foreign Tourists Who Visit Indonesia (Badan
Pusat Statistik, 2020)
Based on Figure 1, we, the authors, define some
countries in each continent. From each continent,
total tourists who visited to Indonesia came from
Malaysia (ASEAN) with average 2.5 millions/year,
China (Asia excl ASEAN) (2.1 millions/year),
Singapore (ASEAN) (1.7 millions/year), Australia
and Timor Leste (Oceania) (1.3 millions/year), India
(600 thousand/year) (Asia) and USA (400
thousand/year) (America) (Badan Pusat Statistik,
2020). It surely indicated that Indonesia became
more popular among foreign tourists. While almost
foreign tourists who arrived in Indonesia took
accomodation in hotel, we could see the favourite
tourism destinations in the past 4 years based on
hotel occupancy rate that was shown in Figure 2.
Figure 2: Average Hotel Occupancy Rate from 2017 –
2020 (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2020)
‐
2
4
6
8
2
0
1
7
2
0
1
8
2
0
1
9
2
0
2
0
Milhões
ASEAN
ASIA(Excl.ASEAN)
AFRICA
OCEANIA
AMERICA
EUROPE
MIDDLEEAST
52
54
56
58
60
62
64
Average Hotel Occupancy Rate 2017 to
2020 (%)
Permana, I., Hidayat, T. and Mahardiko, R.
An Analysis to Set the Regulation up for Tourism Industry in New Normal Pandemic of Covid-19.
DOI: 10.5220/0010292800003051
In Proceedings of the International Conference on Culture Heritage, Education, Sustainable Tourism, and Innovation Technologies (CESIT 2020), pages 5-14
ISBN: 978-989-758-501-2
Copyright
c
 2022 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved
5

The interesting thing from figure 2 above was
North Sulawesi and Bengkulu (Parassa et al., 2018).
Those areas became more popular among tourists
because the percentage of hotel occupancy rate
overtook the most favourite island in Indonesia,
namely Bali (Mariyono, 2017). In figure 2, Jakarta
had high percentage of occupancy rate because it
served not only as tourist destination, but also as
bussiness purposes. As capital of Indonesia, it held
most important bussiness role in Indonesia
(Pamungkas et al, 2018).
After Covid-19 outbreak, Indonesian tourism
was hit hard and most of tourism destinations
temporarily closed faltering economy (Wang et al.,
2019). For instance, Indonesia had closed its border
to tourists and travellers from China. However,
China had the second highest foreign visitors, but
Covid-19 impacted really hard to Indonesian tourism
(Parassa et al., 2018). In July 2020, Covid-19
pandemic had inflicted huge damage to tourism
sector, as it lost potential revenue reached out to Rp
85 trillion (US$ 5.87 billion) including hotel,
restaurant, leisure, aviation and other sub-tourism
industries (Akhlas, 2020).
In the first place, Singapore underestimated the
outbreak and even tried to endure at the early
pandemic that caused high transmission of the virus
with high death toll rate. This condition even had
fallen deeply the Singaporean tourism after most
countries imposed travel restriction on Singapore
(Tay, 2020). After several investigations (Pung et
al., 2020), Singapore then closed its borders from
inside and forbid everyone to enter Singapore,
especially from China followed with national
program called “Circuit Breaker” in response with
an uncontrolled growing number of new cases (Pung
et al., 2020). Singapore also quickly released several
regulations called Covid-19 (Temporary Measures)
(Control Order) Regulations 2020 after formed
multi-ministerial committee and task force
(Legislation Division of the Attorney-General’s
Chambers Singapore, 2020). Singapore also
contributed US$500,000 to support WHO fighting
Covid-19 (CNA, 2020).
When the first wave of pandemic in Malaysia
occurred, it caused a national threat among the
citizens. Malaysia immediately announced total
lockdown approach called Movement Control Order
(MCO) (Shah et al., 2020) which resulted in panic
buying in all shopping centers, especially medical
equipments (face masks and sanitizers)
(BERNAMA, 2020). This also caused large
disruption in economic and social scale that created
anxieties among the citizens (Salim et al., 2020).
Malaysia which relied much in tourism bussiness
also suffered great losses. Since, main travellers who
arrived from China were banned to enter this
country. The Tourism, Art and Culture Minister of
Malaysia even estimated that tourism bussiness had
lost potential revenue up to RM45 billion (US$ 10.5
billion) (Shah et al., 2020).
Since the pandemic of Covid-19 that caused
great losses everywhere occured in all over the
world, immediate action must be taken. The action
was especially from the perspective of Indonesian
government who has to be quickly responded
throughout the establishment of regulations relating
to recovery. This research aimed to analyze how
Indonesia would prepare to recover tourism industry
after the new normal would have been applied by
learning from comparison to regulations and policies
from other neighbouring country namely Singapore
and Malaysia. This study chose Singapore and
Malaysia because both countries are in South East
Asia and ASEAN members with some relevant
situations mentioned above. In addition, this study
also led and filled the state-of-the-art in tourism
industry, especially among Indonesia, Singapore and
Malaysia. Therefore, the findings in this article
could contribute well on new normal in Indonesia
and accelerate the performance of the government
and all stakeholders in order to formulate the best
strategy together.
This paper is organized as follow. The next
section is our literature review regarding the
regulations and policies. The following section
describes our method and results then discusses the
results. The last section is the conclusion and future
works.
2 LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1 Regulations and Policies
To encounter the Covid-19 outbreak, the Indonesia
government had drafted several regulations. For
instance, they prepared specific task force facing this
outbreak called Satgas Covid-19 (Covid-19 troops).
Table 1 were regulations that specifically concerned
in travel and tourism during Covid-19 situation (Su
et al., 2018).
CESIT 2020 - International Conference on Culture Heritage, Education, Sustainable Tourism, and Innovation Technologies
6

Table 1: Regulation and Policy in Indonesia.
No Cate
g
or
y
Descri
p
tion Issued b
y
1 Constitution UU No. 6/2018
-
regulations
about National
Health
Quarantine
Procedure and
Securit
y
Health
Ministry of
Indonesia
2 Constitution UU No. 4/1984
-regulations
about Plague
and Diseases
Control
Health
Ministry of
Indonesia
3 Constitution UU No.
36/2009 -
Regulations of
General
National Health
Securit
y
Health
Ministry of
Indonesia
4 Guidelines Guidelines to
use E-Hac
(Electronic
Health Alert
Card) App
DG of
Disease
Prevention
and Control
from
Health
Ministry of
Indonesia
5 Guidelines WHO
guidelines to
personal
protective
equipment
usa
g
e
World Health
Organization
(WHO)
6 Guidelines Guidelines and
SOP to evacuate
airline and sea
transport
p
assenge
r
Indonesian
Society of
Respirology
7 Ministerial
Regulation
Minister of
Health
regulation - No.
9/2020 about
guidelines of
large scale
social
distancin
g
Health
Ministry of
Indonesia
8 Ministerial
Regulation
Government
Regulation -
No. 21/2020
about guidelines
of large scale
social
distancing
Health
Ministry of
Indonesia
9 Presidential
Decree
Presidential
Decree - No.
11/2020 about
g
uidelines of
President of
Republic
Indonesia
No Cate
g
or
y
Descri
p
tion Issued b
y
large scale
social
distancing
10 Circular
Letter
Government
Rule about
guidelines of
large scale
social
distancin
g
Health
Ministry of
Indonesia
11 Ministerial
Decree
Ministerial
decree - No.
104/2020 about
determination of
coronavirus
novel infection
(2019-nCoV
Infection) as a
disease that can
cause an
outbreak and its
mitigation
efforts
Health
Ministry of
Indonesia
12 Circular
Letter
Guidelines for
preparing for
corona virus
novel infection
(
2019-nCoV
)
Health
Ministry of
Indonesia
13 Decree Decree of the
Head of
National
Disaster
Management
Agency -
No.13A/2020
about extension
of status of
emergency
disasters
outbreaks of
corona virus in
Indonesia
National
Disaster
Management
Agency
14 Regional
Decree
Decree of
department of
tourism and the
creative
economy DKI
Jakarta - No.
131 about
protocol for
COVID-19
prevention and
control for the
tourism sector
during the
transition to
healthy, safe
and productive
communit
y
Department
of Tourism
and the
Creative
Economy
DKI Jakarta
An Analysis to Set the Regulation up for Tourism Industry in New Normal Pandemic of Covid-19
7

As this article was written, the Indonesian
Ministry of Tourism and Creative Economy was still
drafting official regulations and protocols to manage
how tourism would recover and face toward new
normal (Kemenparekraf, 2020). Since there were
still no specific official regulations regarding
tourism yet, except from regional service such as
Jakarta Tourism and Creative Economic Agency.
Most of tourism sector used temporary regulation
referred to International Protocol from WHO namely
Clean Health and Safety (CHS) protocols (Nicola et
al., 2020).
2.2 Previous Research
Tourism in Indonesia held important key to Gross
Domestic Product (GDP), because it contributed
about 4.11 to 4.25% year over year (yoy) to
Indonesian GDP (Badan Pusat Statistik, 2020).
Interestingly, many Indonesian people paid for travel
accommodations through e-commerce and digital
applications as can be seen in Figure 3.
Figure 3: E-commerce Spending by Category (Badan
Pusat Statistik, 2020).
Based on table 3, travel and tourism provided
high revenue in e-commerce sector and kept well
increment (Vorobieva et al., 2018). In 2017,
Indonesians spent over $10 billion through e-
commerce where their spending from Travel and
Accomodation category reached to $1,436 billion. It
means over 23% of e-commerce’s total revenue
came from accomodation and travelling category
since then. In 2018, total amount of e-commerce
revenue by all categories raised up to $20.3 billion
which $9.3 billion or more than 45% of total
revenue came from online travel purchases. In 2020,
the travel and accomodation category still had high
growth whose revenue increased to $13.06 billion or
about 32% of total online spent from all categories
(Badan Pusat Statistik, 2020). It indicated that most
people in Indonesia relied on e-commerce
applications for accomodation and travelling needs
(Yang, 2019).
As for short commute and local applications,
Gojek app that served not only as ride hailing
application, but also as food and goods delivery
dominated the competition in mobile application
usage. Gojek also ranked first in the application
ranking among others in top travel and local
application list in Indonesia that can be seen in the
table 2 (Pamungkas et al, 2018):
Table 2: Travel and Local Apps Ranked in 2020.
App Name Publisher
Gojek – ojek taxi
booking, delivery
and payment
PT. Aplikasi Karya Anak
Bangsa
Traveloka – book
hotel, flight ticket &
activities
Traveloka
Google Earth Google LLC
GPS Map Camera JK.Fantasy
Gojek Driver PT. Aplikasi Karya Anak
Bangsa
OYO: travel &
vacation hotels |
hotel booking app
OYO
RedDoorz – hotel
booking app
RedDoorz
Google Maps Go –
directions, traffic &
transit
Google LLC
Gas station car
driving simulator
car parking game
Centaurus Games
KAI Access – train
booking,
reschedule,
cancellation
PT. Kereta Api Indonesia
Moto bike pizza
delivery 2019 – girl
food game
Freaking Games
tiket.com – Flight,
Hotel & Activities
Tiket.com
Agoda – Deals on
Hotels & Homes
Agoda.com
During the Covid-19 outbreak, Malaysia as
neighbouring country next to Indonesia also suffered
from serious effect which at first they did not aware
how dangerous the virus was and even
underestimated it. In January 2020, Malaysia even
had no intention to ban all travellers arrived, which
mostly came from China (Yang and Lo, 2018). After
rapid uncontrolled growth of positive patients, they
2,417
9,376
13,06
10,269
19,883
32,876
0
10
20
30
40
2017 2018 2019
TravelandAccomodations Total
CESIT 2020 - International Conference on Culture Heritage, Education, Sustainable Tourism, and Innovation Technologies
8

quickly responded via The Ministry of Health and
The Ministry of Tenaga Nasional Berhad and drafted
several regulations, i.e raised great funding to get
financial aid from corporate companies, government
link comanies (GLCs) and other stakeholders in
Malaysia in order to recover faster (Shah et al.,
2020).
Similar to Malaysia, Singapore as the first
ASEAN country which confirmed the first death
suffered great loss to Covid-19 outbreak and
responded quickly by closing all borders and
quarantined all people, and even announced the
multi-ministry task force to ensure public safety.
While most of previous Covid-19 related research
usually focused to measure economic impacts, to
prevent economic losses but less of them discussed
the government decissions in order to make proper
regulations (Sigala, 2020).
For other example, there were articles that
researched about consumer and competitor
orientations to gain marketing purposes on tourism,
especially during the recovery from such pandemic
disease (Herrero et al., 2018). Other article discussed
Saudi Arabia, as a central of pandemic while it was
one of the biggest destination of travellers,
especially moslem to do Hajj. It analyzed how Saudi
Arabia learned a lesson years ago during SARS-
CoV-2 pandemic (Algaissi et al., 2020) and
implemented solution such as total lockdown in the
first place. Saudi Arabia also even closed the border
for all muslim people, especially to do pilgrimage
this year.
3 RESEARCH METHOD
This study adopted a post positivist research
philosophy with qualitative and descriptive approach
(Bradshaw et al., 2017). The method used was
comparative case study. This study used the method
that considered appropriate analysis to give further
in-depth information for regulation investigation in
each compared case (Kim et al., 2017). It was also
for the exploration on how different factors
interrelate and influence their decisions (Kim et al.,
2017). Contents of this method were as follows (de
Oliveira et al., 2018).
Figure 4: Philosophy of Qualitative Research (Bradshaw
et al., 2017)
The method consisted of several steps. There
were introduction, the situation, the change(s),
analysis and lessons and recommendations
(Bradshaw et al., 2017). We were going to explain
each step from figure 4.
For the first step, the headline or the introduction
was observed through previous research, articles,
and news. The particular challange was global
pandemic that impacted almost all countries in the
world. So, the effort was needed in order to get out
of this situation. From all collected information, we
then determined the key message. The key message
was the urge of regulation drafting to get through the
pandemic, especially in tourism sector. After that,
the comparison analysis has been taken as the type
of case study.
For the second step, the situation was observed.
It was to observe what regulation that have been
planned and realized. The observation was to
capture all regulations in Indonesia, Singapore and
Malaysia.
The third step was the change(s). We examined
the tangible key change and also evidence that
showed up. In addition, we also captured what
changes have occured before and after the regulation
drafted.
Upon data collection for analysis step, we then
analyzed all regulations among 3 countries. The
indication and key factors in the regulation from
each government were considered as effort of each
country to get out the pandemic situations. We also
Introduction
The Situation
The Change(s)
Analysis
Lessons and
Recommendations
An Analysis to Set the Regulation up for Tourism Industry in New Normal Pandemic of Covid-19
9

determined the potential regulation and long term
implications, not only in tourism sector but also in
all sectors in order to recover. The best regulation
and policy was the one that could be implemented in
all sectors.
Last step was to learn the lesson and to give the
recommendations. The lesson learned was by
observing countries that might be used by other
countries and sectors as recommendation for their
government to draft similar regulation. It needed
some local adjustments regarding to each country as
respond to such similar occurences.
The comparative case was being used to compare
some different situations or to compare change
across countries. It was also being used to compare
organizations and stakeholders. It could help to
explain and explore the implications of different
interventions to set similiar or different policies.
Materials used in this research were documents
not limited to but including policies, regulations,
guidelines, and decrees that were observed and
collected in order to understand the phenomenon. It
could later be used as important finding to
government and all stakeholders to draw up suitable
regulations and policies. Better formulation and
strategy especially in tourism sector could be
achieved toward new normal behaviour after Covid-
19 pandemic and such case in the future.
4 ANALYSIS RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
4.1 Analysis Results
For up to June 2020, confirmed cases and deaths
trendline caused by Covid-19 in Indonesia, Malaysia
and Singapore were shown in figure 5. The figure 5
gave holistic cases and deaths among 3 countries:
Figure 5: Confirmed New Death by Covid-19 in
Indonesia, Malaysia and Singapore (World Health
Organization, 2020).
In South East Asia, Indonesia was one of the
countries with a fairly high death rate due to Covid-
19 pandemic. It was caused by poor preparation
phase from the government where they were
downplaying with the health factor, instead totally
focused on the economy and national security. As a
result, in the first phase of pandemic, Indonesia
suffered great loss with the high death toll rate and
high confirmed cases compared to Malaysia and
Singapore. Figure 6 described the confirmed cases
by Covid-19 in Indonesia:
Figure 6: Confirmed New Cases by Covid-19 in Indonesia
(World Health Organization, 2020)
On the other hand, Singapore with a high number
of new cases actually succeeded in suppressing the
new death rate. Likewise with Malaysia, which
immediately rushed to tighten the regulations and at
the same time cooperated with all stakeholders also
succeeded in suppressing the low number of new
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
Indonesia Malaysia Singapore
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1400
1600
Indonesia Malaysia Singapore
CESIT 2020 - International Conference on Culture Heritage, Education, Sustainable Tourism, and Innovation Technologies
10

cases. Unlike the other two countries which had
decreasing trendline after the first phase, Covid-19
pandemic in Indonesia still grows high. Although by
death per million population in Indonesia is still very
low compared to other countries especially in
Europe and America, Indonesia has high death
among Southeast Asian countries (Pongwat, 2017;
World Health Organization, 2020). This was due to the
behavior of Indonesian people who still
underestimated the impact of this pandemic. So that,
even though the government has ordered to comply
with WHO regulations including self isolation and
social distancing, there were still many people who
violated it, especially in big cities like Jakarta and
Surabaya.
Therefore, we summarized the regulations
comparison between three countries in order to take
advantage of other country's regulations that have
been successfully implemented. So that, Indonesia
could also follow it with some adjustments. The
reason was to suppress new cases and deaths for
rebuilding indonesian tourism confidence. In
addition, travellers could feel better safety to visit
Indonesia in the future. Table 3 was the summarized
regulations between three compared countries.
Table 3: Regulation Comparison Summary among 3
Countries
Descripti
on
Indonesia Malaysia Singapore
Confirmed
case per
June 2020
37,420 8,445 40,197
Confirmed
death per
June 2020
2,091 120 26
Confirmed
case per
million
population
137 261 6,871
Death per
million
population
8 4 4
Trendline
during
isolation
Slowly
decreasing
Quickly
decreasing
Quickly
decreasing
Trendline
during
new
normal
Increasing Slowly
increasing
Decrease
steadily
General
medical
regulation
s
Rather
extensive
Extensive Extensive
Program's Large MCO Circuit
Descripti
on
Indonesia Malaysia Singapore
Name Scale
Social
Control
(PSBB)
Breaker
Specific
regulation
s on
tourism
Region
specific
National National
Guidelines Region
specific
National National
Law force Moderate Strict Very Strict
People's
legal
observanc
e
Low to
Medium
Middle to
High
High
Travel
restriction
s during
first wave
pandemic
Closed for
foreign
traveller
Closed for
foreign
traveller
Closed for
foreign
traveller
Travel
restriction
s during
new
normal
Re-
opening
with
limited
numbers
Re-
opening
with
limited
numbers
Re-opening
with limited
numbers
Medical
screening
Strict in
some
region
Nationally
Strict
Nationally
Very Strict
Table 3 explained how the comparison of three
countries treated new normal. Singapore was the
strictest country compared the other countries. In the
first phase of pandemic, Singapore threatened 6
months in jail for breaking social distancing laws
namely Circuit Breaker, but now, Singapore lifted
the ban to international travellers. Malaysia had
similar program called MCO which implemented
several regulations as in Singapore was.
4.2 Discussions
With its strictly programs and guidelines to follow,
Singapore was seemed succesful where they had
lifted ban so travellers could now enter Singapore
freely and safely. In new normal phase, Singapore
would ease Circuit Breaker gradually with three
phased: (1) Phase One (“Safe Re-Opening), (2)
Phase Two (“Safe Transition”) and (3) Phase Three
(“Safe Nation”). Singapore also provided fast lane to
facilitate Chinese travellers to do essential business
between both countries. Other than that, only
Singapore residents and long-term pass holders was
allowed to enter Singapore. In other words, short-
An Analysis to Set the Regulation up for Tourism Industry in New Normal Pandemic of Covid-19
11

term travellers and tourists were prohibited to visit
Singapore at the moment. Singapore had also closed
all cruise vessels (Kuckertz et al., 2020). It was said
that Singapore would open most tourism business
activities to resume operations in this Phase Two
with several strictly limitations. This included retail,
food, beverage dine-in, personal health and wellness,
home-based services, and sport and other public
facilities (Vorobieva et al., 2018). All businesses
have also to comply with Safe Management
Requirements from government. Mass gathered
events are only allowed in the later phase, such as
Phase Three, if this phase was considered success
(Wellman et al., 2020).
Meanwhile in Malaysia, they were entering the
phase called Recovery Movement Control Order
(RMCO) from June 10
th
2020. In the meantime, they
would lift the ban only for domestic travellers and
country’s borders remain shut, including from
neighboring countries. During this phase, Malaysia
reopened almost all public facilities including
national zoo, restaurants and hotels with restricted
rules. Under RMCO, hotels and resorts opened at
full capacity because the local tourism had been
given permissions by the government with strict
SOP compliance (Gössling et al., 2020). In order to
stimulate the tourism, government of Malaysia has
also announced tax exempetions and relief of RM
1,000 for tourism expenses up to December 2021.
Outdoor tourism such as hiking, camping, and jungle
trekking were also allowed with less than 20 people
in a group. The services (closed-contact services and
close-contact sports) in Malaysia which were still
allowed, such as reflexology, pubs, nightclubs,
karaokes, swimming pools, boxing, football, and
basketball (Bhati and Pearce, 2017).
Indonesia which was entering the third phase of
Large Scale Social Restriction (PSBB), still did not
have exact laws from Ministry of Tourism and
Creative Economy. They only have issued decree
from Jakarta Tourism and Creative Economic
Agency No. 131/2020 regarding the protocol for
Covid-19 prevention and control for the tourism
sector. This protocol explained which business were
allowed with some sort of guidelines. For example,
most of public facilities were allowed only up to
50% of normal capacity including hotels, malls,
tourism areas, zoos, indoor and outdoor recreational
parks. In every area, people had to use mask. For
inter-region travellers that would visited Jakarta and
certain cities, some permission papers (called Surat
Izin Keluar Masuk/SIKM) were required, otherwise
they might not enter the cities.
Regarding tourism and travel, top 5 best travel
applications especially for accomodations and hotels
booking used in Indonesia up until now were
Traveloka, OYO, RedDoorz, Tiket.com, and Agoda
respectively (Pamungkas et al., 2018). At the
moment, such applications were lost almost of their
customers regarding the new regulation that
impacted to almost tourism sector. For example, the
new regulations were strict protocol in some public
facilities, prohibition from holding an event with
large number of people and limited recreational
activities. As for that, the developer of the following
applications should accomodate the new regulation
toward new normal. Otherwise, not only they would
lose their reputations respectively because people
worried to use it. The worst case was that they could
not recover potential revenue because of the first
phase of pandemic (Kuckertz et al., 2020).
As we, the authors, studied this situation, it is the
first research on investigation for new normal
regulations among 3 countries on Indonesian
tourism. This study can be basis of future research
on Indonesian tourism from many dimensions.
4.3 Research Contribution
The true challenge that has to be faced by every
country, including Indonesia is the recovery phase
after the outbreak, especially with the current
condition where neither proper medicines nor
vaccines were no to be found yet. This research
contributed as materials for considerations and
recommendations to the government and all
stakeholders, especially in tourism areas.
Comparison with the two neighboring countries, i.e
Malaysia and Singapore which were considered to
have relevant conditions and demographics to
Indonesia, could provide an overview of which
policies they have implemented effectively and can
be implemented in Indonesia. For example,
Singapore’s circuit breaker had successfully
suppress the transmission level and also with low
death toll rate in the second phase with strict order to
the citizens. Singapore was even the first country
who open border exclusively to and from China in
this post-pandemic phase. Malaysia which entered
recovery phase called RMCO also considered
successful and has now opened most of tourism
spots.
Government as policymaker have to work hard
to make appropriate regulations alongside with all
stakeholders. Therefore, considerable amount of
useful recommendations were much needed. They
must also be firm and provide better understanding
CESIT 2020 - International Conference on Culture Heritage, Education, Sustainable Tourism, and Innovation Technologies
12

to the people, especially those who underestimated
the existence of Covid-19 so that they would obey to
regulations which can have an impact on the rapid
recovery of this post-pandemic.
This research has also finding that the most
reliable source to find tour and travel
accommodation were through mobile and digital
applications. This kind of bussiness where the most
severely affected caused by pandemic. They suffered
huge loss as most people today were reluctant to
distance travel and go to tourism spot that usually
crowded area. The one that endured pandemic, only
related to ride-hailing services that serve now as
foods delivery and local logistic courier.
5 CONCLUSIONS AND FUTURE
WORK
In general, all three comparison countries above are
ready to face the next phase of the Covid-19
pandemic, the so-called New Normal phase.
Indonesia should follow several regulations,
protocols, and guidelines that successfully
implemented in neighboring countries in order to
excel the recovery from Covid-19 pandemic.
Furthermore, it is strongly recommended for the
government, especially Ministry of Tourism and
Creative Economy to collaborate with other
ministries and stakeholders to accelerate the
regulations, not only for region-specific but also
nationwide.
It is also advised for all citizens in Indonesia to
obey the rules made from government. Meanwhile at
the moment, there are still some ignorant people
underestimating how dangerous the risk would be
and still disobey the laws, especially regarding
health and safety during the pandemic.
With the growth of tourism and travel in
Indonesia after implementation of New Normal
activity, it would be wise for e-commerce and e-
business players to prepare some adjustment in their
applications. The players have to follow the
government regulations so not only travellers could
make use of it without worry, but also for the
companies and developers to achieve better
repuation and revenue.
In term of future research, the efficiency of new
regulation during pandemic of Covid-19 on e-
commerce and e-business can be conducted. It is to
measure that the regulation can achieve the targeted
performance during this situation.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors would like to thank Department of
Economy Science, Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama
Cirebon and Department of Computer Engineering
Universitas Wiralodra for support of this research.
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