Coordinating Abilities Development in Young Hockey Players Taking

into Account Power and Weakness of Nervous System

Ilsiyar S. Mutaeva

, Roman E. Petrov

, Zinaida M. Kuznetsova

and Aleksandr S. Kuznetsov

Elabuga Institute of Kazan Federal University, 89, Kazanskaya Street, Elabuga, Russia

Tchaikovskiy State Institute of Physical Culture, 67, Lenin Str., Tchaikovskiy, Russia

Keywords: Young Hockey Players, Coordinating Abilities, Markers, Nervous System, Experimental Methodology.

Abstract: The purpose of the manuscript is to study the indicators that characterize the development of young hockey

players coordination abilities, depending on the strength and weakness of the nervous system properties

manifestation to optimize training effects. The strength of athletes nervous system, in comparison with

weakness, is characterized by its endurance to the effects of varying intensity physical exertion. There is the

difference between the strength and weakness of the nervous system due to the manifestation of the excitation

and inhibition process. Young athletes with a weak nervous system can quickly get excited, and then go into

a slow state. Athletes with a strong nervous system train well, play effectively, and show stability in the

manifestation of coordination abilities. We used the teppeng test method (Russia) to determine the properties

of the nervous system. It allows us to quickly and accurately determine the individual characteristics of

students nervous system. The main methodological approach is to differentiate training tools taking into

account the strength and weakness of young hockey players nervous system. We defined seven significant

factors, which perform the function of coordinating abilities markers, taken into consideration in sports

training of young hockey players. The first place took the most important marker of coordinating abilities

development in training of young hockey players: the age and identification of sensitive periods of

coordinating abilities demonstration (1,09±0,02) and dependence on the characteristics of athletes’ nervous

system (1,12±0,02). An optimal ratio of the means in physical qualities complex development was the

following: endurance – 25%; power 10%; flexibility- 10%; speed -25%; coordination – 30%.

1 INTRODUCTION

The mental state of young athletes in game sports is

determined by individual characteristics of the

nervous system properties.

The problem of taking into account the

manifestation of strength and weakness of young

athletes nervous system to improve the effectiveness

of all aspects of training is relevant.

Young hockey players sports training can be

successfully realized taking into consideration age-

related characteristics of motor function formation, in

terms of competent use of pedagogical influence

means and methods. They correspond with physical

development and physical training objectives, taking

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into account the strength and weakness of the nervous

system. The main factors, which condition physical

qualities change in young hockey players, are the

sensitive periods of motor abilities development, the

peculiarities of the chosen kind of sport and

innovative methodology of training. Under the

influence of the systematic trainings biological

regulations of physical qualities development don’t

change significantly. The training lessons don’t

change significantly typical for school age

characteristics of morphological components of

physical development transformation. They stimulate

the dynamics of physical qualities development,

especially coordinating abilities. This is the

demonstration of the ability to realize kinetic

Mutaeva, I., Petrov, R., Kuznetsova, Z. and Kuznetsov, A.

Coordinating Abilities Development in Young Hockey Players Taking into Account Power and Weakness of Nervous System.

DOI: 10.5220/0010000202050211

In Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support (icSPORTS 2020), pages 205-211

ISBN: 978-989-758-481-7

205

differentiation of motor actions. Secondly, this is

quick reaction, reformation, balance, the sense of

rhythm and adaptation to space orientation

demonstration (Kuznetsova et al., 2015, Zhestkova et

al., 2019, Chow et al., 2009, Button & Bennet., 2009).

Many specialists mention that coordinating

abilities have genetic base. It is demonstrated by the

features of nervous system. However, sports practice

shows that coordinating abilities can be trained more

effectively, than other qualities. It depends on general

part of demand at the stages of training. In hockey a

player needs power, balance, mobility, dynamism,

plasticity of nervous processes depending on the

situation in a game and demonstrated physical loads.

In this connection real research was organized in

order to test the methodologies of coordinating

abilities development in young hockey players, taking

into account power and weakness of nervous system.

The question has practical value in the context of

physical culture lessons and also in the context of

sports training (Abramov, 2011, Bryzgalov, 2013,

Ziganshin & Krasnov, 2012, Nazarenko, 2003, Petrov

et al., 2018, Kuznetsova et al., 2018, Kuznetsov et al.,

2017).

The base for the methodology creation was the

opinion of the specialists. For example, A.A.

Abramov (2011) considers methodology of training

children, who go in for hockey, on the basis of time

rationalization. It is given to skating technique

mastering (Volkov, 2012). G.A. Bryzgalov (2013),

considers the necessity to identify sensitive periods of

young hockey players’ development (Konovalov et

al., 2013).

Some specialists pay great attention to taking into

account the markers of coordinating abilities, not only

complex estimation and special coordinating training,

sports need, but also health-improving orientation

(Krylova, 2000, Boychenko et al., 2002, Hirtz, 1994,

Hirtz, 2002).

S. V. Krylova (2000) notes that especially in

groups of young skaters, the optimal training load

depends on the strength and weakness of the nervous

system She notes that for a weak nervous system,

volume loads are necessary, and for strong ones –

intensive. It is also noted that the time for

coordination and difficult-coordination exercises

should be allocated different duration of time. Young

athletes with a weak nervous system should be given

16.6% of the time to develop coordination abilities,

and with athletes strong nervous system-11.1% of the

total time (Poolton et al., 2006).

Thus, the purpose of this manuscript is to study

the development of coordination abilities in young

hockey players depending on the manifestation of

strength and weakness of the nervous system.

The novelty of this study was the identification of

inter-group differences in the characteristics of the

experimental method influence on the manifestation

of coordination abilities depending on the strength

and weakness of the nervous system.

2 RESEARCH METHODS

For the set objectives realization we used the

following methods: Information sources analysis and

summarizing, physical readiness testing, methods of

statistical analysis in Microsoft Excel 2010. The

participants of the experiment were 10-11 year-old

hockey players (44 people). The base of the

experimental research was a sports school. The

originality of the present research work is in

intergroup differences revelation in the peculiarities

of the experimental methodology influence on the

coordinating abilities demonstration.

2.1 Participants

44 boys, who go in for hockey at a sports school took

part in the research work. According to the

methodological manual of sports training in hockey a

chosen age corresponds with the initial training. The

average age of the chosen contingent of children was

11,77 ± 1,11 years-old. The sampling of children was

formed in a way that all children had almost the same

length of training period.

2.2 Instruments

In terms of the research work we revealed the

importance of coordinating abilities for hockey

players with the help of questionnaire survey. The

questionnaire included the following questions: the

age determination, which is suitable for coordinating

abilities demonstration, important abilities in hockey,

the place of the specific coordinating abilities in

training young hockey players. Specific weight,

which coordinating abilities take from general

duration of the training lesson, if the level of

coordinating abilities is taken into account. If it is

taken into account then how? The respondents –

specialists and respondents-highly qualified hockey

players answered according to the degree of the

coordinating abilities demonstration factors

significance. Also, the respondents were asked to

define the rank of the defined factors according to the

significance in the system of young hockey players

sports training. Conducted To measure

icSPORTS 2020 - 8th International Conference on Sport Sciences Research and Technology Support

206

manifestations of strength and weakness of the

athlete’s nervous system tepping test (E. P. Ilyin,

Russia) was conducted, on standard forms divided

into squares. Young hockey players set the maximum

number of points for 5 seconds. They moved to the

next square on command, without interrupting their

work. The result is determined by counting the

number of points made in six squares. The analysis of

the performance curve constructed to determine of

young hockey players the strength and weakness of

the nervous system was carried out.

The analysis of features of the nervous system

properties manifestation in young hockey players has

shown that the strength and weakness of the nervous

system has a significant impact on the response to

stress and the selection of tools for improving the

physical qualities of athletes.

A method for developing the coordination

abilities of young hockey players is developed, taking

into account the peculiarities of the manifestation of

strength and weakness of the nervous system. The

content of the methodology includes training

complexes. They contain exercises of varying

coordination complexity.

It is noted that young hockey players with a strong

nervous system display leading coordination abilities

more effectively.

The effectiveness of the developed method is

characterized by a significant increase in indicators in

test exercises.

Confirmation of the experimental method

effectiveness will allow specialists to work with

young athletes taking into account individual

characteristics, as the basis for the redistribution of

time spent on training sessions, for the development

of coordination abilities, and this is necessary in game

sports.

Coordinating abilities testing in young hockey

players was held according to general tests. They are

used in sports practice of hockey, observing all rules

of organization (Wulf & Printz, 2003, Wulf & Shea,

2002).

2.3 Data Acquisition

Results were analyzed according to the questionnaire

survey during the Russia competitions among

students-hockey players. During the competitions the

questionnaire survey was held among the coaches of

the teams: hockey club “Chelny”, “Yelabuga 1000”,

youth team “Ak Bars”, sports school team

“Neftekhimik”, Russia (Seasons 2015-2016; 2016-

2017; 2017-2018). Each participant took part in the

questionnaire survey voluntarily, understanding the

aim of the questionnaire. The questionnaire was filled

by each athlete and a specialist during 10-15 minutes.

Some specialists agreed to distant questionnaire

survey through Instagram online.

2.4 Statistical Analysis

The questionnaire survey and testing were thoroughly

analyzed and statistically handled in standard

statistical programs Microsoft Excel 2010 using Stat

20. The indices of coordinating abilities measurement

was held with the help of testing. The study of

nervous system characteristics in hockey players was

held with the help of tepping test [E.P. Ilin, Russia].

The results of the questionnaire survey were ranked

according to the significance of the defined factors.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

The questionnaire survey among the specialists and

highly-qualified hockey players helped to reveal the

leading role of coordinating abilities.

Table 1 presents the respondents’ answers ranking

according to the importance. Table 2 presents

coordinating abilities testing among the children, who

went in for hockey during the period of the

experiment.

3.1 The Opinions Analysis among the

Specialists and Highly-qualified

Hockey Players According to

Coordinating Abilities Markers

Demonstration among Young

Hockey Players

According to the received results, presented in table

1, the most significant markers of coordinating

abilities demonstration and development in training

young hockey players is the age and sensitive periods

identification (1,09±0,02) and the dependence on the

characteristics of nervous system (1,12±0,02).

In the opinion of the respondents, we defined

seven significant factors. They perform the function

of coordinating abilities markers, taken into

consideration in young hockey players sports

training. The first place took the most important

marker of coordinating abilities development in

training of young hockey players: the age and

identification of sensitive periods of coordinating

abilities demonstration (1,09±0,02) and dependence

on the characteristics of athletes’ nervous system

(1,12±0,02). It means that in order not to miss

Coordinating Abilities Development in Young Hockey Players Taking into Account Power and Weakness of Nervous System

207

sensitive periods of coordinating abilities

development and the features of nervous system

demonstration it is necessary to pay special attention

to coordinating abilities development during

childhood. The dominant position of the second

marker is explained by the fact that children are

different (slow, labile, nervous, passive) and taking

this into consideration would provide sports training

effectiveness improvement. It is so important for

modern children’s sport. Physiological base of

nervous system power demonstration forms the

process of excitation and inhibition. It is

demonstrated and characterized by the working

capacity and endurance. Physiological base of

nervous system weakness is characterized by

intemperance, mobility inhibition and confidence,

working capacity and endurance decrease.

Table 1: The significance of coordinating abilities in the

system of young hockey players sports training according

to the results of the questionnaire survey.

Significance

Markers of coordinating

abilities

М±

Age and sensitive periods of

coordinating abilities

demonstration identification

1,09±0,02

Dependence of coordinating

abilities on the characteristics of

the athletes nervous system

1,12±0,02

III

Dependence on the specificity

of physical-sports activity

1,13±0,03

The place of coordinating

abilities in the system of hockey

players sports training

1,21±0,04

The initial level of coordinating

abilities demonstration

1,22±0,05

Specific weight of coordinating

abilities in the training lessons

1,27±0,06

VII

Coordinating abilities ratio in

the complex realization of

physical training means

1,28±0,06

3.2 Coordinating Abilities

Methodology Characteristics in

Hockey Players Taking into

Account Power and Weakness of

Nervous System Demonstration

The training process of young hockey players

included the experimental methodology of

coordinating abilities development, taking into

account nervous system characteristics. We

differentiated the training means, directed toward

coordinating abilities development, taking into

account nervous system characteristics of young

hockey players.

The first stage of methodology means realization

was directed toward preconditions creation for the

basis of hockey players’ physical, technical training,

where during the preparatory period an optimal ratio

of means in a complex physical qualities development

was the following: endurance – 25%; power 10%;

flexibility- 10%; speed -25%; coordination – 30%.

Specific weight determination of the means,

directed toward coordinating abilities development,

varied during the sports season, taking into account

the power and weaknesses of young hockey players’

nervous system. At the training lessons we used the

means, combined into the training complexes,

directed toward coordinating abilities development.

In general we created 5 training complexes with the

specific weight till 25-30% of the coordinating

abilities development means from general part of

general physical an special-physical training. The

training complexes in different compositional

combination include the following exercises:

rhythmical exercises, fulfilled in different conditions;

the order change of exercises fulfillment in a quick

tempo and sequence; combined fulfillment of the

exercises in different combinations; several pucks use

in one direction; puck juggling using the hockey stick

with the pass to a partner; the exercises with different

orientation of fulfillment; reflex fulfillment of the

exercises with a partner. Each created training

complex according to complexity was realized in

different parts of the training lessons. In the

preparatory part – till 5 minutes, in the main part – till

20 minutes and in the final part- till 10 minutes.

General volume and intensity were regulated owing

to the parameters of exercises duration and intensity

change, taking into account power and weakness of

hockey players’ nervous system.

3.3 Comparative Analysis of the

Coordinating Abilities

Development Results in Young

Hockey Players before and after

the Experiment

We tested the indices of coordinating abilities in

hockey players from the experimental and control

group, taking into account power and weakness of

nervous system according to the following tests:

“Shuttle run 4х9 m”, “Skipping during 30 seconds”,

“Shuttle run at skates 6x9 m”, “Skating on small

reverse Q face and back forward”, “Dribbling of 5

stands with further throw into the gates”.

Average statistical indices of coordinating

abilities in hockey players of the experimental and

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208

control groups before and after the experiment are

presented in table 2.

Table 2: The indices of coordinating abilities development

in young hockey players before and after the experiment.

Testing

exercises

features

EG (n=22)

CG(n=2

(after

and

CG)

1 2 1 2

1. Shuttle

run 4х9

m, sec.

Strong

11,5±0,33

11,0 ±0,41

<0,01

11,6 ±0,53

11,4±0,51

<0,01

>0,05

Strong

11,8±0,4

11, 3±0,52

<0,01

11,8±0,38

11,7±0,39

>0,05

<0,05

2. Shuttle

run at

skates

6x9 m,

sec.

Strong

17,3±0,55

16,2±0,68

<0,01

17,4±0,78

17,4±0,84

>0,05

<0,05

Weak

17,8±0,65

17,2±0,77

<0,01

17,6±0,68

17,8±0,72

<0,01

>0,05

Skipping

during 30

seconds,

quantity

Strong

20,4±2,6

25,0±3

<0,01

20,2±3,8

21,0±3,6

>0,05

<0,05

Weak

19,0±3

23.0±2,7

<0,01

19,8±3,5

20,3±3,8

>0,05

Skating

“on small

reverse

Q, sec.

Strong

31,6±1,39

27,3±1,56

<0,01

31,7±1,43

30,8±1,31

<0,01

Weak

33,0±1,62

30,4±1,38

<0,01

34,0±1,14

35,7±0,85

<0,01

Dribbling

of 5

stands

with

further

throw

into the

gates,

sec.

Strong

8±0

5±0

3±0

<0,05

Weak

3±0

8±0

4±0

>0,05

The received results after testing characterize

positive influence of the experimental methodology

on coordinating abilities development of young

hockey players. It was noted that taking into account

young hockey players’ nervous system power and

weakness forms the base not only for physical

qualities level regulation, but also for general

working capacity and physical and psychic parts

realization, as the condition for a young player’s

development.

In “Shuttle run 4х9 m” test hockey players from

the experimental group with a strong nervous system

had the following average value before the

experiment 11,5±0,33 sec., after the experiment the

average value was 11,0 ±0,41 sec. The increase

during the period of the experiment was 4,37%, with

the result improvement for 0,5 sec. Hockey players

with the weak nervous system had the following

indices in this test: at the beginning of the experiment

11,8±0,4 sec., at the end of the experiment 11, 3±0,52

sec. (4,23%).

The hockey players from the control group with

the strong feature of the nervous system had the

following average value before the experiment 11,6

±0,53 sec., after the experiment the average value was

11,4±0,51 sec. The increase during the experiment

was 0,2 sec. (1,72 %). In the group with a weak

feature of nervous system the results were the

following: 11,8±0,38 and 11,7±0,39 sec., where the

increase was also insignificant (0,84%).

The time of distance overcoming according to

“Shuttle run at skates 6x9 m” test in hockey players

from the experimental group with a strong feature of

nervous system was 17,3±0,55 sec., after the

experiment - 16,2±0,68 sec. During the experiment

the increase was 1,1 sec. (6,35%). In the group of

hockey players with a weak feature of nervous system

in EG before the experiment the result was 17,8±0,65

sec. and at the end it was 17,2±0,77 sec., the increase

3,37%. In the control group of young hockey players,

both in the subgroup with strong and weak feature of

nervous system, the indices change after the

experiment was insignificant.

The indices in “Skipping during 30 seconds” test

in the experimental group with strong feature of

nervous system improved for 22,54% (20,4±2,6 and

25,0±3 times). In the hockey players with weak

feature of nervous system average value according to

the test at the beginning was 19,0±3 times, after the

experiment the average value was 23.0±2,7 times

(21,05%).

According to “Skipping during 30 seconds” and

“Skating “on small reverse Q” tests the hockey

players from the control group had insignificant

changes.

According to “Skating “on small reverse Q” test

face and back forward hockey players from the

experimental group with a strong feature of nervous

system had the following average value: before the

experiment 31,6±1,39 sec., after the experiment -

27,3±1,56 sec., with the increase 13,6%. In hockey

Coordinating Abilities Development in Young Hockey Players Taking into Account Power and Weakness of Nervous System

209

players with weak feature of nervous system the

average value before the experiment was 33,0±1,62

sec., after the experiment - 30,4±1,38 sec., with the

increase 7,8% %.

Hockey players from the experimental group with

a strong feature of nervous system before the

experiment had the following index according to

“Dribbling of 5 stands with further throw into the

gates” test 8,8±0,53 sec., after the experiment-

8,5±0,45 sec., where the increase was 0,3 sec. (2,4%).

Hockey players with a weak feature of nervous

system before the experiment had the average value

10,3±0,74 sec., after the experiment - 9,8±0,72 sec.,

where the increase was 4,85%, as the proof of the

presented methodology effectiveness.

The time of the task fulfillment according to

“Dribbling of 5 stands with further throw into the

gates” test in hockey players from the control group

also improved, but these changes were not significant.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Thus, this research underlines the necessity to create

the methodologies, taking into account the

peculiarities of nervous system features

demonstration in athletes. There should be

differences in the traditional content of the training

lessons as adaptive reactions of hockey players are

demonstrated in different ways, starting from

childhood. This, first of all, would help to improve the

effectiveness of physical training and reveal the

character of young athletes. During the experiment

hockey players from the experimental group

depending on power and weakness of nervous system

had coordinating abilities indices increase. The main

methods of coordinating abilities development, used

in terms of the experimental methodology realization

were the following: the method of the repeated

exercise; the method of a varied exercise;

competitive; game. The effectiveness of the

experimental methodology confirmation would help

the specialists in the work with young athletes to take

into account individual features, as the base for time

redistribution. It is spent at the training lessons for

coordinating abilities development. It is necessary in

sports games.

The analysis of features of the nervous system

properties manifestation in young hockey players has

shown that the strength and weakness of the nervous

system has a significant impact on the response to

stress and the selection of tools for improving the

physical qualities of athletes.

A method for developing the coordination

abilities of young hockey players is developed, taking

into account the peculiarities of the strength and

weakness of the nervous system manifestation. The

content of the methodology includes training

complexes. They contain exercises of varying

coordination complexity.

It is noted that young hockey players with a strong

nervous system display leading coordination abilities

more effectively.

The effectiveness of the developed method is

characterized by a significant increase in test

exercises indicators.

Confirmation of the experimental method

effectiveness will allow specialists to work with

young athletes taking into account individual

characteristics, as the basis for the redistribution of

time spent on training sessions, for the development

of coordination abilities, and this is necessary in game

sports.

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