Figure 1. Uterus section of ovariectomy mice with 5 treatment.A. Control (EE). B.C.D.E. treatment with EE and daun
wungu extract (25 mg/kg, 37,5mg/kg, 50mg/kg and 62,5mg/kg)
Daun Wungu contains phytosterols that plays a role
to inhibit cholesterol absorption and increase its
excretion so as to reduce total cholesterol
(Fernandez et al., 2002). Cholesterol is the main
ingredient for estrogen formation. Cholesterol is
transferred to the mitochondria of the adrenal gland
cells and converted to pregnenolone. Pregnenolone
was transfered to the cytoplasm and formed
progesterone and then became androstenedione
(Miller, 2005). Androstenedione leads to the
endometrial cells through the blood vessels and was
converted by aromatase enzyme to estrone and then
became estradiol. Estradiol increased proliferation of
endometrial and myometrial cells. The phytosterol
content of daun wungu extract would decrease the
synthesis of estradiol (Simpson, 2002).
At the lowest dose 25 mg/kg of daun
wungu extract could not inhibit cell proliferation
due to dominan induction of ethynil estradiol and
less flavonoid of daun wungu extract couldn’t
competed with ethynil estradiol in β-estrogen
receptor. In higher doses 50 mg/kg and 62.5 mg /
kg of daun wungu extract also couldn’t inhibit cell
proliferation, it was caused that higher doses of
flavonoid and fitosterol bound to β-estrogen receptor
could increase the proliferation of endometrial and
myometrial cells in addition to the effects of Ethinyl
estradiol, consequently the inhibitory effect of
proliferation cells are insignificant and cell
proliferation still increased.
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