Authors:
            
                    Ying Zhao
                    
                        
                    
                    ; 
                
                    Jacob Jones
                    
                        
                    
                     and
                
                    Douglas MacKinnon
                    
                        
                    
                    
                
        
        
            Affiliation:
            
                    
                        
                    
                    Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA and U.S.A.
                
        
        
        
        
        
             Keyword(s):
            Causal Learning, Counterfactual Analysis, Cause and Effect, Supply Chain Vulnerability, Associations, Correlations, Lexical Link Analysis, Data Mining.
        
        
            
                Related
                    Ontology
                    Subjects/Areas/Topics:
                
                        Artificial Intelligence
                    ; 
                        Business Analytics
                    ; 
                        Computational Intelligence
                    ; 
                        Data Analytics
                    ; 
                        Data Engineering
                    ; 
                        Evolutionary Computing
                    ; 
                        Information Extraction
                    ; 
                        Knowledge Discovery and Information Retrieval
                    ; 
                        Knowledge-Based Systems
                    ; 
                        Machine Learning
                    ; 
                        Soft Computing
                    ; 
                        Structured Data Analysis and Statistical Methods
                    ; 
                        Symbolic Systems
                    
            
        
        
            
                Abstract: 
                This paper illustrates a methodology of causal learning using pair-wise associations discovered from data. Taking advantage of a U.S. Department of Defense supply chain use case, this causal learning approach was substantiated and demonstrated in the application of discovering supply chain vulnerabilities. By integrating lexical link analysis, a data mining tool used to discover relationships in specific vocabularies or lexical terms with pair-wise causal learning, supply chain vulnerabilities were recognized. Evaluation of results from this methodology reveals supply chain opportunities, while exposing weaknesses to develop a more responsive and efficient supply chain system.