Authors:
            
                    Dirk T. Tempelaar
                    
                        
                                1
                            
                    
                    ; 
                
                    Bart Rienties
                    
                        
                                2
                            
                    
                     and
                
                    Quan Nguyen
                    
                        
                                2
                            
                    
                    
                
        
        
            Affiliations:
            
                    
                        
                                1
                            
                    
                    Maastricht University, School of Business and Economics, Tongersestraat 53, 6211 MD Maastricht and The Netherlands
                
                    ; 
                
                    
                        
                                2
                            
                    
                    Open University UK, Institute of Educational Technology, Walton Hal, Milton Keynes, MK7 6AA and U.K.
                
        
        
        
        
        
             Keyword(s):
            Blended Learning, Dispositional Learning Analytics, Learning Strategies, Multi-modal Data, Prediction Models, Tutored Problem-Solving, Untutored Problem-Solving, Worked Examples.
        
        
            
                Related
                    Ontology
                    Subjects/Areas/Topics:
                
                        Active Learning
                    ; 
                        Computer-Supported Education
                    ; 
                        e-Learning
                    ; 
                        e-Learning Platforms
                    ; 
                        Information Technologies Supporting Learning
                    ; 
                        Learning Analytics
                    ; 
                        Pattern Recognition
                    ; 
                        Simulation and Modeling
                    ; 
                        Simulation Tools and Platforms
                    ; 
                        Theory and Methods
                    
            
        
        
            
                Abstract: 
                The identification of students’ learning strategies by using multi-modal data that combine trace data with self-report data is the prime aim of this study. Our context is an application of dispositional learning analytics in a large introductory course mathematics and statistics, based on blended learning. Building on previous studies in which we found marked differences in how students use worked examples as a learning strategy, we compare different profiles of learning strategies on learning dispositions and learning outcome. Our results cast a new light on the issue of efficiency of learning by worked examples, tutored and untutored problem-solving: in contexts where students can apply their own preferred learning strategy, we find that learning strategies depend on learning dispositions. As a result, learning dispositions will have a confounding effect when studying the efficiency of worked examples as a learning strategy in an ecologically valid context.