Authors:
            
                    James Lotspeich
                    
                        
                    
                     and
                
                    Mathias Kolsch
                    
                        
                    
                    
                
        
        
            Affiliation:
            
                    
                        
                    
                    Naval Postgraduate School, United States
                
        
        
        
        
        
             Keyword(s):
            Subpixel, Maximum a Posterior, Tracking, Viterbi, Distance Transform, Pixel Matched Filter, Template Matching.
        
        
            
                Related
                    Ontology
                    Subjects/Areas/Topics:
                
                        Applications
                    ; 
                        Computer Vision, Visualization and Computer Graphics
                    ; 
                        Gaussian Processes
                    ; 
                        Graphical and Graph-Based Models
                    ; 
                        Human-Computer Interaction
                    ; 
                        Methodologies and Methods
                    ; 
                        Motion and Tracking
                    ; 
                        Motion, Tracking and Stereo Vision
                    ; 
                        Pattern Recognition
                    ; 
                        Physiological Computing Systems
                    ; 
                        Theory and Methods
                    
            
        
        
            
                Abstract: 
                In many remote sensing applications, the area of a scene sensed by a single pixel can often be measured in squared meters. This means that many objects of interest in a scene are smaller than a single pixel in the resulting image. Current tracking methods rely on robust object detection using multi-pixel features. A subpixel object does not provide enough information for these methods to work. This paper presents a method for tracking subpixel objects in image sequences captured from a stationary sensor that is critically sampled. Using template matching, we make a Maximum a Posteriori estimate of the target state over a sequence of images. A distance transform is used to calculate the motion prior in linear time, dramatically decreasing computation requirements. We compare the results of this method to a track-before-detect particle filter designed for tracking small, low contrast objects using both synthetic and real-world imagery. Results show our method produces more accurate sta
                te estimates and higher detection rates than the current state of the art methods at signal-to-noise ratios as low as 3dB.
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