ENGINEERING AN ONTOLOGY FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS - The OASys Ontology

Julita Bermejo-Alonso, Ricardo Sanz, Manuel Rodriguez, Carlos Hernández

2011

Abstract

This paper describes the development of an ontology for autonomous systems, as the initial stage of a research programme on autonomous systems’ engineering within a model-based control approach. The ontology aims at providing a unified conceptual framework for the autonomous systems’ stakeholders, from developers to software engineers. The modular ontology contains both generic and domain-specific concepts for autonomous systems description and engineering. The ontology serves as the basis in a methodology to obtain the autonomous system’s conceptual models. The objective is to obtain and to use these models as main input for the autonomous system’s model-based control system.

References

  1. Abran, A., Cuadrado, J., García-Barriocanala, E., Mendes, O., Sánchez-Alonso, S., and Sicilia, M. (2006). Engineering the ontology for the SWEBOK: Issues and techniques. In Calero, C., Ruiz, F., and Piattini, M., editors, Ontologies for Software Engineering and Software Technology, chapter 3, pages 103-121. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  2. ASLab Team (2006). Core mental terminology: from an autonomous system perspective. Technical Report R-2006-XXX, Autonomous Systems Laboratory (ASLab).
  3. Baclawski, K., Kokar, M., Kogut, P., Hart, L., Smith, J., Letkowski, J., and Emery, P. (2002). Extending the unified modeling language for ontology development. Software Systems Modeling, (1):142-156.
  4. Bermejo-Alonso, J., Sanz, R., Rodríguez, M., and Hernández, C. (2010c). Ontology-based engineering of autonomous systems. In Bauer, M., Mauri, J. L., and Dini, O., editors, Proceedings of the The Sixth International Conference on Autonomic and Autonomous Systems (ICAS 2010), pages 47-51, Cancun, Mexico. IEEE Computer Society.
  5. Borst, P., Akkermans, H., and Top, J. (1995). The PhysSys ontology for physical systems. In Ninth International Workshop Ninth International Workshop on Qualitative Reasoning, pages 11-21. Department of Social Science Informatics (S .W.I .) University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
  6. Borst, P., Akkermans, H., and Top, J. (1997). Engineering ontologies. International Journal of HumanComputer Studies, 46:365-406.
  7. Borst, W. N. (1997). Construction of Engineering Ontologies for Knowledge Sharing and Reuse. PhD thesis, Centre for Telematics and Information Technology, University of Tweenty. Enschede. The Netherlands.
  8. Corcho, O., Fernández-L ópez, M., and Gómez-Pérez, A. (2003). Methodologies, tools and languages for building ontologies. where is their meeting point? Data & Knowledge Engineering, 46:41-64.
  9. de la Mata, J. L. (2009). CSTR overall specification: The main PCT testbed. Technical Report R-2009-001, Autonomous Systems Laboratory (ASLab).
  10. Douglass, B. P. (2004). Real Time UML: advances in the UML for real-time systems. The Addison-Wesley object technological. Addison-Wesley, 3rd edition.
  11. Eberhart, A. (2003). Ontology-Based Infrastructure for Intelligent Applications. Phd thesis, University of Saarbrücken.
  12. Estefan, J. A. (2008). Survey of model-based systems engineering (MBSE) methodologies. Technical Report INCOSE-TD-2007-003-01 (Rev. B), ModelBased Systems Engineering (MBSE) Initiative, International Council on Systems Engineering (INCOSE).
  13. Falbo, R., Ruy, F., and Moro, R. (2005). Using ontologies to add semantics to a software engineering environment. In Proceedings of 17th International Conference on Software Engineering and Knowledge Engineering (SEKE'2005), pages 151-156, Taipei, China.
  14. Fernández-L ópez, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., and Juristo, N. (1997). METHONTOLOGY: from ontological art towards ontological engineering. In Farquhar, A., Grüninger, M., Gómez-Pérez, A., Uschold, M., and van der Vet, P., editors, AAAI'97 Spring Symposium on Ontological Engineering, pages 33-40, Stanford University, CA, U.S.A.
  15. Friedenthal, S., Moore, A., and Steiner, R. (2008). A practical guide to SysML: The Systems Modeling Language. Morgan Kaufmann and OMG Press.
  16. Gasevic, D., Djuric, D., and Devedzic, V. (2006a). Mappings of mda-based languages and ontologies. In Model Driven Architecture and Ontology Development, chapter 10. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  17. Gasevic, D., Djuric, D., and Devedzic, V. (2006b). Model Driven Architecture and Ontology Development. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  18. Gómez Pérez, A., Fernández L ópez, M., and Corcho, M. (2004a). Methodologies and methods for building ontologies. In Ontological Engineering: with examples from the areas of Knowledge Management, eCommerce and the Semantic Web, Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing, chapter 3, pages 107-197. Springer.
  19. Gómez Pérez, A., Fernández L ópez, M., and Corcho, M. (2004b). Ontological Engineering: with examples from the areas of Knowledge Management, eCommerce and the Semantic Web. Advanced Information and Knowledge Processing. Springer.
  20. Gruber, T. (1993). Toward principles for the design of ontologies used for knowledge sharing. In Guarino, N. and Poli, R., editors, International Workshop on Formal Ontology in Conceptual Analysis and Knowledge Representation, Padova, Italy. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  21. Grüninger, M. and Fox, M. (1995). Methodology for the design and evaluation of ontologies. In Skuce, D., editor, Proceedings of the IJCAI'95 Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing, pages 6.1- 6.10, Montreal, Canada.
  22. Guizzardi, G. (2005). Ontological Foundations for Structural Conceptual Models. Phd thesis, University of Twente, The Netherlands.
  23. Hallam, J. and Bruynickx, H. (2006). An ontology of robotics science. In Christensen, H. I., editor, Proceedings of the European Robotics Symposium 2006 (STAR 22), pages 1-14. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  24. Hernández, C. and Hernando, A. (2008). RCT overall specification: Higgs platform. Technical Report R-2008- XXX, Autonomous Systems Laboratory (ASLab).
  25. Hernández, C., Sanz, R., and L ópez, I. (2008). Consciousness in cognitive architectures: a principled analysis of RCS, Soar and ACT-R. Technical Report R-2008- 004, Autonomous Systems Laboratory (ASLab).
  26. Hesse, W. (2005). Ontologies in the software engineering process. In Lenz, R., editor, Proceedings of Tagungsband Workshop on Enterprise Application Integration (EAI2005), Berlin, Germany. GITO-Verlag.
  27. Hruby, P. (2005). Ontology-based domain-driven design. In Proceedings of Object-Oriented Programming, Systems, Languages And Applications (OOPSLA'05), San Diego, California, U.S.A.
  28. IEEE (1990). IEEE Standard Glossary of Software Engineering Terminology. IEEE Computer Society, New York, IEEE std 610.12 1990 edition.
  29. IEEE (2000). IEEE Recommended Practice for Architectural Description for Software- Intensive Systems. Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineering, New York, IEEE std 1471-2000 edition.
  30. Keet, C. and Artale, A. (2007). Representing and reasoning over a taxonomy of part-whole relations. Applied Ontology, 0(1):1-17.
  31. Klir, G. J. (1969). Approach to General Systems Theory. Van Norstrand Reinhold, New York.
  32. Klir, G. J. (1991). Facets of Systems Science. Plenum Press.
  33. Klir, G. J. and Elias, D. (2003). Architecture of Systems Problem Solving, volume 21 of IFSR International Series on Systems Science and Engineering. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  34. Klir, G. J. K. (1985). The emergence of two-dimensional science in the information society. Systems Research, 2(1):33-41.
  35. Lehtihet, E., Strassner, J., Agoulmine, N., and Foghlu, M. O. (2006). Ontology-based knowledge representation for self-governing systems. In State, R., editor, Proceedings of the 17th IFIP/IEEE International Workshop on Distributed Systems: Operations and Management (DSOM 2006), volume LNCS 4269. IFIP International Federation for Information Processing.
  36. L ópez, I. (2007). A Foundation for Perception in Autonomous Systems. Phd thesis, Departamento de Automática, Ingeniería Electrónica e Informática Industrial, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
  37. Malucelli, A., Palzer, D., and Oliveira, E. (2005). Combining ontologies and agents to help in solving the heterogeneous problem in e-commerce negotiations. In International Workshop on Data Engineering Issues in E-Commerce (DEEC 2005), IEEE Computer Society, pages 26-35, Tokyo, Japan.
  38. Mizoguchi, R. (2004). Tutorial on ontological engineering - part 2: ontology development, tools and languages. New Generation Computing, 22(1):61-96.
  39. Morbach, J., Bayer, B., Wiesner, A., Yang, A., and Marquardt, W. (2008). OntoCAPE 2.0: the upper level. Technical Report LPT-2008-25, RWTH Aachen University.
  40. Morbach, J., Wiesner, A., and Marquardt, W. (2007). A meta model for the design of domain ontologies. Technical Report LPT-2008-24, RWTH Aachen University.
  41. Noy, N. and McGuinness, D. (2001). Ontology development 101: A guide to creating your first ontology. Technical Report KSL-01-05, Stanford Knowledge Systems Laboratory.
  42. OMG (2003). MDA Guide Version 1.0.1. Object Management Group.
  43. OMG (2008a). OMG SysML Specification. Object Management Group, v 1.1 edition.
  44. OMG (2008b). Software and systems process engineering meta-model specification version 2.0. OMG Formal Specification 2008-04-01, Object Management Group, Inc.
  45. OMG (2009b). OMG Unified Modeling Language (OMG UML) Superstructure Version 2.2.
  46. OMG (2009c). Ontology Definition Metamodel Version 1.0. Object Management Group.
  47. Provine, R., Uschold, M., and Smith, S. (2004). Observations on the use of ontologies for autonomous vehicle navigation planning. In Proceedings of the 2004 AAAI Spring Symposium on Knowledge Representation and Ontologies for Autonomous Systems, Stanford, California.
  48. Ruiz, F. and Hilera, J. (2006). Ontologies for Software Engineering and Software Technology. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg.
  49. Rumbaugh, J., Jacobson, I., and Booch, G. (2004). The Unified Modeling Language Reference Manual. Object Technology. Addison-Wesley, second edition.
  50. Sanz, R., Hernández, C., Gomez, J., Bermejo-Alonso, J., Rodríguez, M., Hernando, A., and Sanchez, G. (2009). Systems, models and self-awareness: towards architectural models of consciousness. International Journal of Machine Consciousness, 1(2):255-279.
  51. Sanz, R., Hernández, C., and Rodríguez, M. (2007a). ASys models: Model-driven engineering in ASys. Technical Report R-2007-016, Autonomous Systems Laboratory (ASLab).
  52. Sanz, R., L ópez, I., and Bermejo, J. (2007b). Artificial Consciousness, chapter A rationale and vision for machine consciousness in complex controllers, pages 141-155. Imprint Academic, Exeter, UK.
  53. Sanz, R., L ópez, I., Bermejo, J., Chinchilla, R., and Conde, R. (2005). Self-X: The control within. In Proceedings of the 16th IFAC World Congress, Praga, Czech Republic. IFAC.
  54. Sanz, R., Matia, F., and Puente, E. A. (1999). Microprocessor-based and intelligent systems engineering, chapter The ICa approach to intelligent autonomous systems. Kluwer Academic Publishers.
  55. Sanz, R. and Rodríguez, M. (2008). The ASys vision: Engineering any-x autonomous system. Technical Report R-2007-001, Autonomous Systems Laboratory (ASLab).
  56. Schlenoff, C. and Messina, E. (2005). A robot ontology for urban search and rescue. In Proceedings of the 2005 ACM workshop on Research in knowledge representation for autonomous systems, pages 27-34, Budapest, Hungary. ACM Press.
  57. Scrapper, C. and Balakirsky, S. (2004). Knowledge representation for on-road driving. In Proceedings of the 2004 AAAI Spring Symposium on Knowledge Representation and Ontologies for Autonomous Systems, Stanford, California.
  58. Segarra, M. J. (2005). CORBA control systems. Phd thesis, Universidad Politécnica de Madrid.
  59. Stahl, T. and Völter, M. (2006). Model-Driven Software Development: technology, engineering, management. John Wiley and Sons, Ltd.
  60. Stojanovic, L., Abecker, A., Stojanovic, N., and Studer, R. (2004a). Ontology-based correlation engines. In Computer, I., editor, Proceedings of the International Stojanovic, L., Schneider, J., Maedche, A., Libischer, S., Studer, R., Lumpp, T., Abecker, A., Breiter, G., and Dinger, J. (2004b). The role of ontologies in autonomic computing systems. IBM Systems Journal, 43(3):598 - 616.
  61. Suarez-Figueroa, M. C., Blomqvist, E., D'Aquin, M., M.Espinoza, Gómez-Pérez, A., Lewen, H., Mozetic, I., Palma, R., Poveda, M., Sini, M., Villazón-Terrazas, B., Zablith, F., and Dzbor, M. (2009). Revision and extension of the NeOn methodology for building contextualized ontology networks. Technical Report D 5.4.2, Neon Project.
  62. Tamma, V., Cranefield, S., Finin, T., and Willmott, S., editors (2005). Ontologies for Agents: Theory and Experiences. Whitestein Series in Software Agent Technologies and Autonomic Computing. Birkhäuser.
  63. Tziallas, G. and Theodoulidis, B. (2003). Building autonomic computing systems based on ontological component models and a controller synthesis algorithm. In Proceedings of the 14th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA'03), pages 674-680, Prague, Czech Republic.
  64. University of Toronto (2004). GRL ontology.
  65. UPM-ICEA-Team (2006a). Case studies of perception and system analysis. Technical Report ASLab-ICEA-R2006-015, 1.0 Final, Autonomous Systems Laboratory (ASLab).
  66. UPM-ICEA-Team (2006b). ICEA glossary: integration, cognition, emotion, autonomy. Technical Report ASLab-ICEA-R-2006-014, Autonomous Systems Laboratory (ASLab).
  67. UPM-ICEA-Team (2006c). A vision of general autonomous systems. Technical Report ASLab-ICEAR-2006-018, 1.0 Final, Autonomous Systems Laboratory (ASLab).
  68. UPM-ICEA-Team (2006d). A vision of perception in autonomous systems. Technical Report ASLabICEA-R-2006-017, Autonomous Systems Laboratory (ASLab).
  69. Uschold, M. and King, M. (1995). Towards a methodology for builiding ontologies. In Skuce, D., editor, Proceedings of the IJCAI'95 Workshop on Basic Ontological Issues in Knowledge Sharing, pages 6.1-6.10, Montreal, Canada.
  70. Uschold, M., Provine, R., Smith, S., Schlenoff, C., and Balikirsky, S. (2003). Ontologies for world modeling in autonomous vehicles. In 18Th International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence, IJCAI'03.
  71. van Lamsweerde, A. (2003). From system goals to software architecture. In Bernardo, M. and Inverandi, P., editors, Formal Methods for Software Architecture, volume LNCS 2804. Springer Verlag.
  72. van Lamsweerde, A. (2008). Requirements engineering: From craft to discipline. In Proceedings of FSE'2008: 16th ACM Sigsoft International Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering, Atlanta, U.S.A.
  73. Wongthongtham, P., Chang, E., and Dillon, T. (2005). Towards ontology-based software engineering for multisite software development. In Proceedings of 3rd IEEE International Conference on Industrial Informatics (INDIN), pages 362-365, Perth, Australia.
  74. Yu, E. (1997). Towards modelling and reasoning support for early-phase requirements engineering. In Proceedings of the 3rd IEEE International Symposium on Requirements Engineering (RE'97), pages 226-235, Washington, D.C., USA.
Download


Paper Citation


in Harvard Style

Bermejo-Alonso J., Sanz R., Rodriguez M. and Hernández C. (2011). ENGINEERING AN ONTOLOGY FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS - The OASys Ontology . In Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development - Volume 1: KEOD, (IC3K 2011) ISBN 978-989-8425-80-5, pages 47-58. DOI: 10.5220/0003634600470058


in Bibtex Style

@conference{keod11,
author={Julita Bermejo-Alonso and Ricardo Sanz and Manuel Rodriguez and Carlos Hernández},
title={ENGINEERING AN ONTOLOGY FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS - The OASys Ontology},
booktitle={Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development - Volume 1: KEOD, (IC3K 2011)},
year={2011},
pages={47-58},
publisher={SciTePress},
organization={INSTICC},
doi={10.5220/0003634600470058},
isbn={978-989-8425-80-5},
}


in EndNote Style

TY - CONF
JO - Proceedings of the International Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development - Volume 1: KEOD, (IC3K 2011)
TI - ENGINEERING AN ONTOLOGY FOR AUTONOMOUS SYSTEMS - The OASys Ontology
SN - 978-989-8425-80-5
AU - Bermejo-Alonso J.
AU - Sanz R.
AU - Rodriguez M.
AU - Hernández C.
PY - 2011
SP - 47
EP - 58
DO - 10.5220/0003634600470058