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University of Porto, Portugal

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38 Papers

Exploring Stakeholders’ Practical Needs for GDPR Compliance

Topics: User Experience; Design and Evaluation; User Behavior Analysis; Ethics, Privacy and Security of HCI

Authors: Ana Ferreira , Pedro Vieira-Marques and Rute Almeida

Affiliation: RISE-Health, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0013360900003929

Proceedings of ICEIS 2025, ISBN: 978-989-758-749-8

Quick Abstract

In a time when various regulations and directives are enforced within the European cyberspace regarding cybersecurity and data protection, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requirements are still far from being completely understood and integrated into the practice of individuals personal and sensitive data processing. Having clear directions of what is needed to protect the privacy of personal data is essential but even more, is the availability of tools and mechanisms that can provide easy, structured and, hopefully, more automated ways to implement those requirements in practice. After more than six years of GDPR enforcement, how are people aware, knowledgeable and prepared to comply with GDPR in their daily practice? Moreover, what still needs to be done to improve this process? This work presents the results of a survey aimed to collect the perceptions, preferences and needs regarding interactive and assistive tools, together with its content, to support GDPR compliance in practice. Participants (n=62) from varied backgrounds and experiences agreed that such tools are very needed and can have beneficial impact in terms of Privacy, Knowledge, Efficiency and Productivity, but also in terms of Safety. Results also show that stakeholders who frequently need to perform personal data processing, do not many times have the knowledge, experience or required support to put compliance procedures into practice, and within their context. Our study contributes to understanding what content and functionalities a GDPR compliance tool must include to support those stakeholders.

Innovation in Geriatric Care: An AI Assistant with LLM Integration Based on Health Guidelines

Topics: ICT, Ageing and Disability; Medical Informatics; Medical Artificial Intelligence; Large Language Models in Medicine

Authors: Juliana Basulo-Ribeiro ¹ , Nádia Matos ^{2

;

3} , Sabrina Araujo ^{2

;

3

;

4} , Nuno Capela ^{2

;

3} , Francisco Bischoff ^{2

;

4

;

5} , Leonor Teixeira ¹ and Ricardo Cruz-Correia ^{2

;

4

;

5}

Affiliations: ¹ Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism (DEGEIT), Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal , ² Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal , ³ Health Data Science Ph.D. Program, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal , ⁴ CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal , ⁵ VirtualCare, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0013096100003911

Proceedings of HEALTHINF 2025, ISBN: 978-989-758-731-3

Quick Abstract

With the advance of artificial intelligence and natural language processing technology, a new tool is standing out in the field of understanding and generating natural language in a sophisticated way: the Large Language Model (LLM). According to several authors, LLMs can be used for various types of medical cases, providing access to different sources of information, and have opened up countless opportunities in the healthcare sector. This work aims to share the lessons learned during the process of developing an LLM-based assistant aimed at specific pathologies that are more prevalent in the elderly in order to support caregivers, whether they are private individuals, home care organizations, nursing homes or others. This study has a significant potential impact on the community by providing access to detailed information on developing an LLM-based assistant.

iSupport-Portugal: Challenges and Insights in Designing a Web Platform for Intervention and Research on Informal Dementia Caregivers

Topics: e-Health and Education; Case Studies in eHealth; Remote Monitoring; Digital Mental Health

Authors: Soraia Teles ^{1

;

2} , Constança Paúl ^{2

;

1} , João Viana ^{3

;

2} , Alberto Freitas ^{3

;

2} , Sara Alves ^{2

;

4} , Óscar Ribeiro ^{2

;

5} and Ana Ferreira ^{2

;

3}

Affiliations: ¹ Department of Behavioral Sciences, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal , ² RISE-Health, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal , ³ Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Rua Dr. Plácido da Costa, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal , ⁴ Santa Casa de Misericórdia de Riba D’Ave/CIDIFAD - Centro de Investigação, Diagnóstico, Formação e Acompanhamento das Demências, Tv. Conde de Riba de Ave, 4765-288 Riba d'Ave, Portugal , ⁵ Department of Education and Psychology, University of Aveiro, 3810-198, Aveiro, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0013328100003938

Proceedings of ICT4AWE 2025, ISBN: 978-989-758-743-6

Quick Abstract

eHealth programmes are increasingly explored to improve access to training and support for informal caregivers of people with dementia (PwD). iSupport-Portugal is an eHealth programme for these caregivers, culturally adapted from the World Health Organization's original iSupport. iSupport-Portugal is the only version being explored internationally as a remote measurement tool (RMT) to collect sociodemographic, health and psychosocial data on care dyads. The aim of this paper is to discuss the challenges and lessons learned in the deployment of iSupport-Portugal. Four studies were conducted, including a mixed-methods cross-sectional study of informal dementia caregivers' attitudes and needs towards eHealth interventions (N=157), a usability study (N=17), a pilot randomised controlled trial (N=42), and an ongoing prospective cohort study (N=173). Insights and recommendations are provided on user uptake of eHealth interventions and user-centred approaches, ethics and data privacy considerations, study design for usability and effectiveness evaluation, and the use of platform data for research. This paper provides insights relevant to researchers, developers, and designers involved in implementing digital solutions for caregivers of PwD and other audiences. To realise the full potential of eHealth interventions and RMTs, it is imperative to establish guidelines that address the ethical, technological, and methodological complexities of the field.

GDPR: What’s in a Year (and a Half)?

Topic: Security

Author: Ana Ferreira

Affiliation: CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0009386002090216

Proceedings of ICEIS 2020, ISBN: 978-989-758-423-7

Quick Abstract

This paper aims to investigate, with a literature review, how the research community has been tackling the security and privacy requirements mandated by the General Data Protection Legislation (GDPR), over the last year and a half. We assessed what proposed solutions have been implemented since GDPR came into force, if and where they were tested in real settings, with what technologies and what specific GDPR requirements were targeted. No similar review has been found by the authors as works in the literature mostly provide recommendations for GDPR compliance or assess if current solutions are GDPR compliant. Results show that most proposed solutions focus on Consent, PrivacybyDefault/Design and are assessed on IoT and healthcare domains. However, almost none is tested and used in a real setting. Although it may be still early days for this review, it is clear that: a) there is the need for more GDPR compliant novel solutions, tests and evaluations in real settings; b) the obtained knowledge be quickly shared so that proper feedback is given to the legal authorities and business/research organizations; and c) solutions on privacy must integrate socio-technical components that can face, in an all-inclusive way, infrastructures, activities and processes, where GDPR must apply.

Illegitimate HIS Access by Healthcare Professionals Detection System Applying an Audit Trail-based Model

Topics: Ehealth; Confidentiality and Data Security; Medical Informatics

Authors: Liliana Sá-Correia ¹ , Manuel E. Correia ² and Ricardo Cruz-Correia ^{3

;

1}

Affiliations: ¹ HLTSYS, HealthySystems, lda, Porto, Portugal , ² Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Portugal , ³ Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems - CINTESIS, Porto, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0008991505390546

Proceedings of HEALTHINF 2020/BIOSTEC, ISBN: 978-989-758-398-8

Quick Abstract

Complex data management on healthcare institutions makes very hard to identify illegitimate accesses which is a serious issue. We propose to develop a system to detect accesses with suspicious behavior for further investigation. We modeled use cases (UC) and sequence diagrams (SD) showing the data flow between users and systems. The algorithms represented by activity diagrams apply rules based on professionals’ routines, use data from an audit trail (AT) and classify accesses as suspicious or normal. The algorithms were evaluated between 23rd and 31st July 2019. The results were analyzed using absolute and relative frequencies and dispersion measures. Access classification was in accordance to rules applied. “Check time of activity” UC had 64,78% of suspicious classifications, being 55% of activity period shorter and 9,78% longer than expected, “Check days of activity” presented 2,27% of suspicious access and “EHR read access” 79%, the highest percentage of suspicious accesses. The results show the first picture of HIS accesses. Deeper analysis to evaluate algorithms sensibility and specificity should be done. Lack of more detailed information about professionals’ routines and systems, and low quality of systems logs are some limitations. Although we believe this is an important step in this field.

Informatics as Support for Changes in Health Policy: A Case in Obstetrics

Topics: Evaluation and Use of Healthcare IT; Electronic Health Records and Standards; Medical Informatics

Authors: Giovana Jaskulski Gelatti ^{1

;

2} , Pedro Pereira Rodrigues ^{1

;

3} and Ricardo João Cruz Correia ^{1

;

3}

Affiliations: ¹ Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal , ² Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences of University of São Paulo, 13566-590, São Carlos, Brasil , ³ Universidade do Porto, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0009173807450749

Proceedings of HEALTHINF 2020/BIOSTEC, ISBN: 978-989-758-398-8

Quick Abstract

Introduction: In 2015 the Directorate-General for Health of Portugal published new standards (DGS 001/2015) for the registration of cesarean section indicators. The existing scenario was the lack of data, influencing the quality of indicators and analyses on them. The use of a single computer tool was encouraged to register and compare indicators between hospitals with special attention to the Robson Classification as it employs basic information of pregnancy to classify all deliveries in 10 groups. The selected tool was Obscare software. Aim: Describe the scenario on data quality by analyzing the completeness of obstetric records from 2016 to 2018 of the variables used in Robson’s classification collected by the Obscare tool. Methods: The completeness is evaluated using a number of missing values. The lower the completeness, the higher the number of missing values. Also, we perform the imputation of data based on basic concepts and analyzed the participation of this data in the indication of the type of delivery to be performed according to classification suggested by DGS 001/2015. Results: From 2016 to 2018, 5922 number of pregnancies resulted in 5922 of Robson Classifications. The variables with lower completeness were related to previous cesarean section (77%) and previous pregnancies (43%). After imputation, it fell to 3.9% and 0.56%, respectively causing 4.6% of discarded data from the total. Discussion: There is a significant amount of missing data in basic variables used to study the classification of delivery type. We believe that encouraging data completion with the possibility of comparing data between hospitals should be a priority in the health area.

Netphishing: Network and Linguistic Analysis of Phishing Email Subject Lines

Topic: Security

Authors: Ana Ferreira ¹ , Soraia Teles ² , Rui Chilro ³ and Milaydis Sosa-Napolskij ¹

Affiliations: ¹ CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal , ² CINTESIS - Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, Porto, Portugal, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar, University of Porto (ICBAS-UP), Department of Behavioural Sciences, Porto, Portugal , ³ Independent Researcher, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0009407202500257

Proceedings of ICEIS 2020, ISBN: 978-989-758-423-7

Quick Abstract

This study provides support on why subject lines of predatory emails should be analysed to improve the detection of phishing attacks. Network science together with a linguistic analysis were performed on a sample of 240 phishing email subject lines from the past 12 years. Results show that even in straightforward subject lines, phishers can employ text elements to create a sense of proximity, mutual relationship as well as a neutral and professional relation, focused on present and future actions, to persuade potential victims to open phishing emails. The common words “your” and “account” form two main hubs and communities of words that integrate main organisations and actions related to those hubs. The linguistic analysis shows that concise phrases integrate such richness of language that can potentially be used to find differential emotional and behavioural marks on the text, to be used for better detecting phishing emails. This work provides current information as well as new research questions to be tested and further perused, to support the improvement of automated tools to identify predatory emails.

Patients to Mobilize Their Data: Secure and Flexible mHealth Delegation

Topics: Identity and Trust Management; Security Architecture and Design Analysis; Web Applications and Services; Access and Usage Control

Authors: Rafael Almeida , Pedro Vieira-Marques and Ana Ferreira

Affiliation: CINTESIS - Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0008972905520560

Proceedings of ICISSP 2020, ISBN: 978-989-758-399-5

Quick Abstract

This work describes the development of a prototype of a secure and flexible delegation architecture, to be applied to an mHealth scenario where a mobile app is used for monitoring and coaching asthma patients. The motivation is the fact that mHealth apps are not security prepared and patients still have no trust in using them, on a regular basis. Nonetheless, patients can acknowledge mHealth potential and see the relevance of sharing/delegating health data to others, e.g., healthcare professionals, depending not only on the necessity and security, but also on the level of control they can have over it. This proposal empowers the patient to control, in a flexible, easy and secure way, fine-grained delegation features within a real mHealth setting.

mHealth Applications: Can User-adaptive Visualization and Context Affect the Perception of Security and Privacy?

Topics: Adaptive and Adaptable User Interfaces; Interaction Techniques and Devices; Interface Design

Authors: Joana Muchagata , Pedro Vieira-Marques and Ana Ferreira

Affiliation: CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0007724304440451

Proceedings of ICEIS 2019, ISBN: 978-989-758-372-8

Quick Abstract

Through mobile applications, patients and health professionals are able to access and monitor health data. But even with user-adaptive systems, which can adjust interface content according to individual’s needs and context (e.g., physical location), data privacy can be at risk, as these techniques do not aim to protect them or even identify the presence of vulnerabilities. The main goal of this paper is to test with end-users the adaptive visualization techniques, together with the context where they are used, to understand how these may influence users’ security perception, and decide which techniques can be applied to improve security and privacy of visualized data. An online survey was applied to test two different use-cases and contexts, where traditional access and access using visualization techniques are compared in terms of security characteristics. Preliminary results with 27 participants show that when accessing personal data from a patients’ perspective, the context has higher influence in the perception of confidentiality (authorized access) and integrity (authorized modification) of visualized data while for a health professional’s perspective, independently of the context, the visualization techniques are the ones that seem to primarily influence participants’ choices for those security characteristics. For availability (data available to authorized users whenever necessary), both visualization techniques and context have little, or no influence, in the participants’ choice.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (5)

Adaptive and Adaptable User Interfaces		Human-Computer Interaction		Interface Design
Enterprise Information Systems		Interaction Techniques and Devices

Visual Schedule: A Mobile Application for Autistic Children - Preliminary Study

Topics: Adaptive and Adaptable User Interfaces; Interaction Techniques and Devices; Interface Design; Accessibility and Usability

Authors: Joana Muchagata and Ana Ferreira

Affiliation: CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0007732804520459

Proceedings of ICEIS 2019, ISBN: 978-989-758-372-8

Quick Abstract

Children with autism often experience considerable challenges and one of them is the difficulty in understanding, structuring and predicting their daily life activities and routines. Several methodologies have been studied and implemented to help autistic children with these routine activities and tasks, and one of those methods is the use of visual schedules. For this, mobile apps and related technology have been considered as an excellent tool in supporting autistic children’s development. But despite the technological resources and the variety of mobile apps available today, the authors could not find such needed resources available for the Portuguese speaking autistic children population, especially in relation to visual schedules/routines, which are considered very important for the child’s development. Therefore, based on the literature and in some apps available in other countries for autistic children, the authors propose a set of mock-ups of a visual schedule application for smartphone. The visual mock-ups represent the idea of the app that we intend to implement in a near future to be used by Portuguese autistic children aged between 4 to 10 years old to support them in their daily routine and the performance of related tasks.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (6)

Accessibility and Usability		Enterprise Information Systems		Interaction Techniques and Devices
Adaptive and Adaptable User Interfaces		Human-Computer Interaction		Interface Design

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