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172 Papers

A Digital Twin based Approach to Structural Mechanics: New Perspectives for Robotics in Forestry and Beyond

Topics: Optimization; Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics; Co-Simulation; Digital Twins; Multi-Physics Simulation

Authors: Dorit Kaufmann , Tobias Osterloh and Jürgen Rossmann

Affiliation: Institute for Man-Machine Interaction at RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0012755500003758

Proceedings of SIMULTECH 2024, ISBN: 978-989-758-708-5

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Computational simulations are nowadays crucial for the development of any complex mechatronic system. This holds especially true when it comes to robots acting in a highly dynamic environment, such as robots used as mobile machinery in forestry. The ever changing loads acting on these robots result from different weather conditions, ground stability, leverage forces of falling trees during cutting etc. Thus, the structural layout of the robot is rather sophisticated. Nevertheless, it is usually done once in the beginning of the design process and the dynamic loads can only be estimated, leading to huge safety margins. Regarding the ecological consequences every operation in forestry involves, it is of uttermost importance not only to do a neat structural design, but also to computationally analyse the mobile machinery directly in its actual environment. This work proposes a Digital Twin (DT) based approach to structural mechanics. Every feature of the environment (every tree, the soil etc.) as well as the robot itself can be represented by a DT. An existing Rigid Body Dynamics (RBD) is used to record all acting forces and momentums during an operation. They serve as input for a Finite Element Analysis (FEA) thus enabling a holistic simulation framework.

Expectation-Based Integration Testing of Unidirectional Interactions in Component-Based Software Systems

Topics: Component-Based Software Engineering; Quality Assurance; Software and System Testing

Authors: Nils Wild , Horst Lichter and Constantin Mensendiek

Affiliation: Research Group Software Construction, RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstraße 55, Aachen, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0012725900003687

Proceedings of ENASE 2024, ISBN: 978-989-758-696-5

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Effective and efficient testing of complex component-based software systems is difficult. Unit test cases that test isolated components are focused and efficient but ineffective in detecting integration faults. Integration test cases, on the other hand, are hard to develop and maintain. With the UTBI meta-model and InterACt, a concept and tool implementation was developed to extract expectations towards other components from unit test cases and reuse unit tests to automate the verification of those expectations. However, the approach is limited to request-response interactions implicitly defined by mock interactions. This paper presents an extension to specify and verify expectations toward unidirectional interactions not encoded in the unit test cases. For example, if the recipient of the reaction to an interaction stimulus is not the same component that sent the stimulus in the first place.

Interoperable Access and Usage Control of Self-Sovereign Digital Twins Using ODRL and I4.0 Language

Topics: Internet of Things; Communication Protocols; Security, Privacy and Trust ; Networking and Communication Protocols ; Architecture for secure and interactive IoT; Communication; Firewall, access control, identity management

Authors: Jiahang Chen , Lennart Schinke , Xuebilian Gong , Martin Hoppen and Jürgen Roßmann

Affiliation: Institute for Man-Machine Interaction, RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstr. 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0012686500003705

Proceedings of IoTBDS 2024, ISBN: 978-989-758-699-6

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The trend in digital transformation catalyzes an increasing amount of Digital Twins (DTs) being interconnected to share data and services. In this context, secured interconnections of DTs are a key foundation for establishing a trustworthy environment, which necessitates fundamental technologies and concepts regarding access control. Considering the layer of usage restrictions of data and services, traditional access control can be extended to usage control. Here, diverse policy models utilized to formalize access and usage control result in a lack of interoperability, especially in a decentralized Internet of Things (IoT). To address this issue, we propose in this paper a concept that applies Open Digital Rights Language (ODRL) to describe access and usage control policies in an interoperable way. Besides, we define a message-based communication protocol based on Industry 4.0 (I4.0) language to flexibly enable interoperable interactions with policy engines. The proposed concept is then integrated in an access and usage control management system and demonstrated in a proof-of-concept manner. Here it is also shown why the proposed concept forms a basis for the implementation of self-sovereign Digital Twins (SSDTs).

Outside the Box: Exploring Determinants for Participation in a Digitally Enhanced Remote Museum Visit for Older Adults

Topics: Systems Usability; Autonomy and Active Ageing; Inclusive Design; Self-Fulfilment and Social Participation ; Dignity and Equal Opportunities of Senior Citizens; Social Inclusion

Authors: Caterina Maidhof 1 , Martina Ziefle 1 and Andreas Sackl 2

Affiliations: 1 Chair of Communication Science, RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 57, Aachen, Germany , 2 AIT Austrian Institute of Technology, Gieffinggasse 2, Vienna, Austria

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0012594900003699

Proceedings of ICT4AWE 2024, ISBN: 978-989-758-700-9

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Cultural activities bear well-being benefits that are suitable for older adults who have an increased need to socialize and remain active. With an exploratory qualitative approach, the study aimed to investigate partic-ipants‘ behavioural intention to attend a remote, digitally enhanced cultural event, which involves both the appreciation of art and social exchange. Opinions of 18 participants (age range: 60- 86) from four European countries (Austria, Germany, Italy, Spain) were assessed through semi-structured interviews. The paper presents deductive themes based on the theory of planned behaviour as well as emerged inductive themes which comprise general recommendations for such an event. The findings highlight a positive perception and strong behavioural intention for participating in a cultural event like this, offering insights for museum organizations and designers, and emphasizing the importance of user-friendly technology and inclusive design.

A Process for Evaluating the Prudence of Enterprise Architecture Debts

Topics: Business-It Allignment; EA Adoption and Governance; Methods, Processes and Patterns for EA Development; Measurements, Metrics and Evaluation of EA Artefacts and Processes; Evolution of EA

Authors: Ada Slupczynski , Peter Alexander and Horst Lichter

Affiliation: Research Group Software Construction, RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstrasse 55, Aachen, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0011971400003467

Proceedings of ICEIS 2023, ISBN: 978-989-758-648-4

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Enterprise architecture (EA) debt represents a situation involving the declining quality of an EA in return for gains in other aspects. It accumulates through the sub-optimal architecture decisions made by the projects contributing to the EA. To avoid the reckless accumulation of EA debt, the impact of an architectural decision on EA debt and its prudence needs evaluation. However, as the scope of an EA debt issue tends to cover a wide range of systems and stakeholders, there may be different views on its prudence depending on the evaluation context. Failing to consider all relevant contexts may lead to reckless estimates and justifications for the EA debt. The analysis of prudence and recklessness exists in related fields of study (e.g., technical debt and financial debt). However, research has yet to explore the way to apply these concepts in EA debt management practices. Therefore, this study proposes a process for evaluating the prudence of EA debts, which we developed based on current insights about prudence and recklessness in related fields of study. Furthermore, we discuss some open questions and propose future research directions in this context.

Expanding the Scope and Increasing the Functionality of Digital Twins by Integrating Thermal Simulations

Topics: Optimization; Domain-Specific Tools; Materials; Cyber-physical Systems; Co-Simulation

Authors: Dorit Kaufmann , Jannis Weid and Jürgen Rossmann

Affiliation: Institute for Man-Machine Interaction (MMI), RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstr. 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0012081600003546

Proceedings of SIMULTECH 2023, ISBN: 978-989-758-668-2

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The simulation of components, systems and processes is an established tool in research and development nowadays. When it comes to complex systems and the interaction of components and disciplines, it is crucial to consider all relevant aspects, thus creating a powerful Digital Twin (DT) of a technical asset. In this work, an existing simulation framework for DT will be extended by an interface to Thermal Simulations. The latter one are still widely used as a stand-alone tool due to difficulties on linking the respective models and methods. Thus, the developed approach has its access point in the DT simulation framework and conducts the thermal calculations to an external Finite Element Analysis (FEA) solver by exchanging only characteristic variables. This concept is used as a base for the development of extensions for the DT whose basic functions are the import and preparation of geometric structures for both models, the management of the calculations of the external FEA solver and the visual representation of determined temperature distributions and heat fluxes in the DT.

Living on Video: Insights on the User Perspective of Video-Based AAL Technology

Topics: Security and Privacy in eHealth; Acceptance of Ambient Technology; Psychological Dimension of Aging Population; Ambient Technology for Daily Living; Ambient Technology for Health, Emergency and Care; Privacy and Ethical Issues

Authors: Caterina Maidhof , Julia Offermann and Martina Ziefle

Affiliation: Chair of Communication Science, RWTH Aachen University, Campus Boulevard 57, Aachen, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0011759800003476

Proceedings of ICT4AWE 2023, ISBN: 978-989-758-645-3

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Research on video-based Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) technologies is increasing due to their potential of providing abundant sensory information about a person in need of support. Acceptance of these visual sensors is limited among potential users as perceptions of barriers persist, most importantly privacy concerns. The current study aimed to investigate potential users’ behavioural intention to use video-based AAL and their evaluations of relevant benefits and barriers during activities of daily living in their own homes. Special focus was on exploring the influences of individual differences (demographics and psychometrics) on evaluation patterns. In total, evaluations of 122 participants (age range: 17-81 years) were assessed through an online survey. The results are in line with previous findings on perceived benefits and barriers and their relevance to the acceptance of AAL technology. Beyond that, the results revealed significant relationships and impacts of individual differences, i.e., privacy perception, self-consciousness, and body consciousness, on the perceived barriers and indirectly also on the acceptance of video-based AAL technology. Further, three clusters of potential users were identified, differing significantly in their evaluation of video-based AAL technology as well as in their individual characteristics, i.e., privacy perception and self-consciousness. The findings of this study are useful to derive recommendations for user-tailored development and communication of video-based AAL technology.

Trust in and Acceptance of Video-based AAL Technologies

Topics: Autonomy and Active Ageing; Acceptance of Ambient Technology; Ambient Technology for Daily Living

Authors: Sophia Otten , Wiktoria Wilkowska , Julia Offermann and Martina Ziefle

Affiliation: Chair of Communication Science, Human-Computer Interaction Centre, RWTH Aachen University, Campus-Boulevard 57, Aachen, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0011785500003476

Proceedings of ICT4AWE 2023, ISBN: 978-989-758-645-3

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Due to a growing demand and need for solutions that alleviate the strain on the overburdened healthcare system, video-based ambient assisted living (VAAL) technologies offer a good alternative to support individuals in need of help. In order to successfully implement such technologies into the living spaces of individuals with care needs, factors that determine their trust in, and acceptance of, such technology need to be examined in more detail. This study investigates perceptions on trust and its relationship with the acceptance criteria of VAAL technologies. In a mixed-methods design approach using focus groups and a questionnaire study, participants evaluated their trust and acceptance perceptions of VAAL technology and assessed its benefits and barriers. Results revealed significant relationships between the variables, signalling the relevance of understanding of how trust may influence the overall acceptance of VAAL technologies. Recommendations for future studies as well as applications of the findings are made.

Assistance System for the Interactive Machine Adjustment (of a Tufting Machine)

Topics: Petri Nets; Real-Time Systems; Decision Support Systems; Domain-Specific Tools; Education and Training; Visualization Techniques and Virtual Reality

Authors: Dominik Huesener and Jürgen Rossmann

Affiliation: Institute of Man-Machine-Interaction, RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstrasse 55, 52074 Aachen, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0011320300003274

Proceedings of SIMULTECH 2022, ISBN: 978-989-758-578-4

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The paper illustrates how a digital twin, a virtual representation of a physical asset, and simulation software can be used to find best operating parameters and guide an operator through the adjustment process of the machine. The user interacts with the digital twin either through a 3D GUI or using augmented reality, which allows to display information of the digital twin next to the real twin. The machine is equipped with sensors that continuously measure the state of the machine and are connected to the digital twin through EtherCAT connection. The interactive system gives intuitive instructions that reduce the expert knowledge that is needed such that even trainees can operate the machine and digitizes the process for experienced workers.

The FischerTwin: An Experimentable Digital Twin Case Study

Topics: Conceptual Modeling; Education and Training; Computer Simulation Techniques; Robotics, Automation and Mechatronics; Verification and Validation; Hardware in the Loop Simulation; Cyber-Physical-Social Systems; Technologies, Tools and Platforms; Visualization Techniques and Virtual Reality

Authors: Alexander Atanasyan , Felix Casser , Arthur Wahl and Juergen Rossmann

Affiliation: Institute for Man-Machine Interaction, RWTH Aachen University, Ahornstr. 55, Aachen, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0011277800003274

Proceedings of SIMULTECH 2022, ISBN: 978-989-758-578-4

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Digital Twins are a rapidly maturing approach of transferring real assets into the digital domain. Experimentable Digital Twins (EDT) allow to not only visualise a digital model of an asset or display its current state, but allow to interact with the asset within the digital world - with the EDT behaving exactly like the real twin given analogous inputs from its (real or digital) environment. We created the FischerTwin, an EDT of a modular fischertechnik swivel arm robot, as our first demonstrator to enable the principles of the FeDiNAR project - displaying undesired or dangerous consequences of real actions in augmented reality. This paper presents the design, development and application of this EDT of a complex cyber-physical system including the steps a) function definition b) collection of requirements, c) structural design of the EDT, d) Implementation of its components and the entire robotic system and e) application of the EDT—highlighting its usage in all relevant product life cycle phases. We thus give answers to system-level questions like How can the EDT be applied throughout a real asset’s life cycle?, What are necessary components for the usage of an EDT? and What does the interplay between real and digital twins of a complex cyber-physical system look like?.

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