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16 Papers

Optimising Graphical Techniques Applied to Irreversible Tracers

Topics: Medical Imaging and Diagnosis; Positron Emission Tomography (PET); Quantitative Bioimaging; Brain Function Analysis; Image Processing Methods

Authors: Yasser Alzamil 1 ; 2 , Yulia Hicks 1 , Xin Yang 1 and Christopher Marshall 3

Affiliations: 1 Cardiff University, School of Engineering, United Kingdom , 2 University of Hail, Applied Medical Sciences College, Saudi Arabia , 3 Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0006513700170026

Proceedings of BIOIMAGING 2018/BIOSTEC, ISBN: 978-989-758-278-3

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Graphical analysis techniques are often applied to positron emission tomography (PET) images to estimate physiological parameters. Patlak analysis is primarily used to obtain the rate constant (Ki) that indicates the transfer of a tracer from plasma to the irreversible compartment and ultimately describes how the tracer binds to the targeted tissue. One of the most common issues associated with Patlak analysis is the introduction of statistical noise that affects the slope of the graphical plot and causes bias. In this study, several statistical methods are proposed and applied to PET time activity curves (TACs) for both reversible and irreversible regions that are involved in the equation. A dynamic PET imaging simulator for the Patlak model was used to evaluate the statistical methods employed to reduce the bias introduced in the acquired data.

New Method for Evaluation of Video Segmentation Quality

Topic: Segmentation and Grouping

Authors: Mahmud Abdulla Mohammad , Ioannis Kaloskampis and Yulia Hicks

Affiliation: Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0005306205230530

Proceedings of VISAPP 2015/VISIGRAPP, ISBN: 978-989-758-089-5

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Segmentation is an important stage in image/video analysis and understanding. There are many different approaches and algorithms for image/video segmentation, hence their evaluation is also important in order to assess the quality of segmentation results. Nonetheless, so far there was little research aimed specifically at evaluation of video segmentation quality. In this article, we propose the criteria of good quality of video segmentation suitable for assessment of video segmentations by including a requirement for temporal region consistency. We also propose a new method for evaluation of video segmentation quality on the basis of the proposed criteria. The new method can be used both for supervised and unsupervised evaluation. We designed a test video set specifically for evaluation of our method and evaluated the proposed method using both this set and segmentations of real life videos. We compared our method against a state of the art supervised evaluation method. The comparison showed that our method is better at evaluation of perceptual qualities of video segmentations as well as at highlighting certain defects of video segmentations.
Collapse Button Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (3)
Computer Vision, Visualization and Computer Graphics

Image and Video Analysis

Segmentation and Grouping

Decentralized Computation of Pareto Optimal Pure Nash Equilibria of Boolean Games with Privacy Concerns

Topics: Multi-Agent Systems; Distributed Problem Solving; Cooperation and Coordination; Self Organizing Systems

Authors: Sofie De Clercq 1 , Kim Bauters 2 , Steven Schockaert 3 , Mihail Mihaylov 4 , Martine De Cock 1 and Ann Nowe 4

Affiliations: 1 Ghent University, Belgium , 2 Queen’s University, United Kingdom , 3 Cardiff University, United Kingdom , 4 Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0004811700500059

Proceedings of ICAART 2014, ISBN: 978-989-758-016-1

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In Boolean games, agents try to reach a goal formulated as a Boolean formula. These games are attractive because of their compact representations. However, few methods are available to compute the solutions and they are either limited or do not take privacy or communication concerns into account. In this paper we propose the use of an algorithm related to reinforcement learning to address this problem. Our method is decentralized in the sense that agents try to achieve their goals without knowledge of the other agents’ goals. We prove that this is a sound method to compute a Pareto optimal pure Nash equilibrium for an interesting class of Boolean games. Experimental results are used to investigate the performance of the algorithm.
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Agents

Distributed Problem Solving

Multi-Agent Systems

Artificial Intelligence

Enterprise Information Systems

Self Organizing Systems

Artificial Intelligence and Decision Support Systems

Knowledge Engineering and Ontology Development

Software Engineering

Cooperation and Coordination

Knowledge-Based Systems

Symbolic Systems
Distributed and Mobile Software Systems

Characterising the Power Consumption of Hadoop Clouds - A Social Media Analysis Case Study

Topics: Monitoring of Services, Quality of Service, Service Level Agreements; Cloud Application Architectures; Cloud Applications Performance and Monitoring; Big Data Cloud Services

Authors: Javier Conejero 1 , Omer Rana 2 , Peter Burnap 2 , Jeffrey Morgan 2 , Carmen Carrion 1 and Blanca Caminero 1

Affiliations: 1 University of Castilla-La Mancha, Spain , 2 Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0004373502330243

Proceedings of CLOSER 2013, ISBN: 978-989-8565-52-5

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Energy efficiency is often identified as one of the key reasons for migrating to Cloud environments. It is often stated that a data centre hosting the Cloud environment is likely to achieve greater energy efficiency (at a reduced cost) compared to a local deployment. With increasing energy prices, it is also estimated that a large percentage of operational costs within a Cloud environment can be attributed to energy. In this work, we investigate and measure energy consumption of a number of virtual machines running the Hadoop system, over an OpenNebula Cloud. Our workload is based on sentiment analysis undertaken over Twitter messages. Our objective is to understand the tradeoff between energy efficiency and performance for such a workload. From our results we generalise and speculate on how such an analysis could be used as a basis to establish a Service Level Agreement with a Cloud provider – especially where there is likely to be a high level of variability (both in performance and energy use) over multiple runs of the same application (at different times).
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Big Data Cloud Services

Cloud Computing

Monitoring of Services, Quality of Service, Service Level Agreements

Cloud Application Architectures

Cloud Computing Enabling Technology

Platforms and Applications
Cloud Applications Performance and Monitoring

Emergency Medical Services Modelling

Authors: Paul Harper , Jonathan Gillard , Vincent Knight , Leanne Smith , Julie Vile and Janet Williams

Affiliation: Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0004538705490555

Proceedings of HA 2013/SIMULTECH, ISBN: 978-989-8565-69-3

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Emergency Medical Services (EMS) are facing increasing pressures in many nations given that demands on the service are rising. This paper focuses on the operations of the Welsh Ambulance Service Trust (WAST), which provides urgent care services on a day-to-day basis across the whole of Wales. Facing ever-increasing pressures to provide rapid responses, the Trust is keen to develop new initiatives to meet the response time targets set by the government. This article describes work performed at Cardiff University in collaboration with WAST, investigating a range of Operational Research (OR) methods, including computer simulation, to assist the Trust with capacity planning issues and deployment of emergency vehicles and crews.

Measuring Linearity of Curves

Topics: Image Understanding; Shape Representation; Object Recognition

Authors: Joviša Žunić 1 , Jovanka Pantović 2 and Paul L. Rosin 3

Affiliations: 1 University of Exeter, United Kingdom , 2 University of Novi Sad, Serbia , 3 Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0004267603880395

Proceedings of ICPRAM 2013, ISBN: 978-989-8565-41-9

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In this paper we define a new linearity measure which can be applied to open curve segments. The new measure ranges over the interval (0;1]; and produces the value 1 if and only if the measured line is a perfect straight line segment. Also, the new linearity measure is invariant with respect to translations, rotations and scaling transformations.
Collapse Button Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (7)
Applications

Object Recognition

Shape Representation

Computer Vision, Visualization and Computer Graphics

Pattern Recognition

Software Engineering
Image Understanding

Migrating to the Cloud - A Software Product Line based Analysis

Topics: Cloud Risk, Challenges, and Governance; Cloudsourcing; Outsourced Production Environments; Cloud Optimization and Automation; Cloud Abstraction of Composite IT Systems

Authors: Jesús García-Galán 1 , Omer Rana 2 , Pablo Trinidad 1 and Antonio Ruiz-Cortés 1

Affiliations: 1 Universidad de Sevilla, Spain , 2 Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0004357104160426

Proceedings of CLOSER 2013, ISBN: 978-989-8565-52-5

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Identifying which part of a local system should be migrated to a public Cloud environment is often a difficult and error prone process. With the significant (and increasing) number of commercial Cloud providers, choosing a provider whose capability best meets requirements is also often difficult. Most Cloud service providers offer large amounts of configurable resources, which can be combined in a number of different ways. In the case of small and medium companies, finding a suitable configuration with the minimum cost is often an essential requirement to migrate, or even to initiate the decision process for migration. We interpret this need as a problem associated with variability management and analysis. Variability techniques and models deal with large configuration spaces, and have been proposed previously to support configuration processes in industrial cases. Furthermore, this is a mature field which has a large catalog of analysis operations to extract valuable information in an automated way. Some of these operations can be used and tailored for Cloud environments. We focus in this work on Amazon Cloud services, primarily due to the large number of possible configurations available by this service provider and its popularity. Our approach can also be adapted to other providers offering similar capabilities.
Collapse Button Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (9)
Cloud Abstraction of Composite IT Systems

Cloud Optimization and Automation

Fundamentals

Cloud Computing

Cloud Risk, Challenges, and Governance

Outsourced Production Environments

Cloud Computing Enabling Technology

Cloudsourcing

Platforms and Applications

The Consumer Prototype - Explaining the Underlying Psychological Factors of Consumer Behaviour with Artificial Neural Networks

Author: Max N. Greene

Affiliation: Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Proceedings of Doctoral Consortium 2013/IJCCI, ISBN: Not Available

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Consumer behaviour is examined using artificial neural networks as a method of analysis to identify the underlying psychological factors that influence consumer choice. Artificial consumer prototype is developed and consequently studied using supervised and unsupervised neural networks. A number of network architectures are constructed and optimized for comparative purposes. Learning obtained using artificial agents is interpreted and subsequently propagated towards human consumer behaviour. Philosophical issues including the network structure interpretation and appropriateness of using artificial agents to explain human behaviour are discussed.

MetSim: A Simulation Decision Support Tool using Meteorological Information for Short-Term Planning of Hospital Services

Authors: Paul Harper 1 , John Minty 1 , Sujit Sahu 2 , Bernard Baffour 2 and Christophe Sarran 3

Affiliations: 1 Cardiff University, United Kingdom , 2 University of Southampton, United Kingdom , 3 Met Office, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0004161805430547

Proceedings of HA 2012/SIMULTECH, ISBN: 978-989-8565-20-4

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Improved short-term predictions of hospital admissions and bed occupancy offer the potential to plan resource needs more accurately and effectively. The MetSim project explores the relationship between weather and health, building novel Bayesian models that are more sensitive to fluctuations in weather. Short-term forecasts of the numbers of admissions, categorised by age, gender and medical condition, are produced. In turn, coupled with predictions on length of stay and information on current occupancy, MetSim uses hazard ratios embedded within a simulation framework to provide forecasts of short-term bed needs. MetSim is a collaboration between Cardiff University, the University of Southampton, and the Met Office. Cardiff and Vale University Health Board and Southampton University Hospitals NHS Trust have guided the development of MetSim, provided data and piloted the tool.

CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER PROFILE IN HIGHER EDUCATION

Topics: Human Factors; Organisational Issues on Systems Integration

Authors: Adam Marks 1 and Yacine Rezgui 2

Affiliations: 1 World-Wide, Embry-Riddle Aeronautical Unibversity, United States , 2 Cardiff University, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0002887901590165

Proceedings of ICEIS 2010, ISBN: 978-989-8425-04-1

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The purpose of this paper is to provide an unbiased picture of what many universities seek and expect in terms of requirements, attributes, competencies, and expected functions and duties in IT executive candidates, namely the Chief Information Officer (CIO). The paper provides a benchmark that can be used by universities to compare or build their IT leadership profiles. The study examines the education, experience, and other skills requirements in 374 active and archived electronic web advertisements for the position of CIO. It also looks at the expected job requirements for that role. The findings suggest that universities’ criteria and requirements for CIOs may vary based on factors such as the organization size and needs, the complexity of the organizational structure, and available budget, but are overall comparable with those of other industries.
Collapse Button Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (6)
Databases and Information Systems Integration

Human Factors

Organisational Issues on Systems Integration

Enterprise Information Systems

Human-Computer Interaction

Physiological Computing Systems

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