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19 Papers

Don't Train, Just Prompt: Towards a Prompt Engineering Approach for a More Generative Container Orchestration Management

Topics: Service Management; Service Modeling and Specification; Development Methods for Cloud Applications; Cloud Optimization and Automation; Cloud Management and Operations; Native Cloud Applications; Microservices: Automation, Deployment and Management, Resource Allocation Elasticity, Service State and Resilience; Container Composition and Orchestration

Authors: Nane Kratzke 1 and André Drews 2

Affiliations: 1 Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, Germany , 2 Expert Group Artificial Intelligence in Applications, Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0012710300003711

Proceedings of CLOSER 2024, ISBN: 978-989-758-701-6

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Background: The intricate architecture of container orchestration systems like Kubernetes relies on the critical role of declarative manifest files that serve as the blueprints for orchestration. However, managing these manifest files often presents complex challenges requiring significant DevOps expertise. Methodology: This position paper explores using Large Language Models (LLMs) to automate the generation of Kubernetes manifest files through natural language specifications and prompt engineering, aiming to simplify Kubernetes management. The study evaluates these LLMs using Zero-Shot, Few-Shot, and Prompt-Chaining techniques against DevOps requirements and the ability to support fully automated deployment pipelines. Results show that LLMs can produce Kubernetes manifests with varying degrees of manual intervention, with GPT-4 and GPT-3.5 showing potential for fully automated deployments. Interestingly, smaller models sometimes outperform larger ones, questioning the assumption that bigger is always better. Conclusion: The study emphasizes that prompt engineering is critical to optimizing LLM outputs for Kubernetes. It suggests further research into prompt strategies and LLM comparisons and highlights a promising research direction for integrating LLMs into automatic deployment pipelines.

About being the Tortoise or the Hare? - A Position Paper on Making Cloud Applications too Fast and Furious for Attackers

Topics: Privacy, Security and Trust; Cloud Application Architectures; Cloud Application Scalability and Availability; Security, Privacy and Compliance Management; Application Containers; Native Cloud Applications

Author: Nane Kratzke

Affiliation: Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0006735604650472

Proceedings of CLOSER 2018, ISBN: 978-989-758-295-0

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Cloud applications expose - beside service endpoints - also potential or actual vulnerabilities. And attackers have several advantages on their side. They can select the weapons, the point of time and the point of attack. Very often cloud application security engineering efforts focus to harden the fortress walls but seldom assume that attacks may be successful. So, cloud applications rely on their defensive walls but seldom attack intruders actively. Biological systems are different. They accept that defensive "walls" can be breached at several layers and therefore make use of an active and adaptive defense system to attack potential intruders - an immune system. This position paper proposes such an immune system inspired approach to ensure that even undetected intruders can be purged out of cloud applications. This makes it much harder for intruders to maintain a presence on victim systems. Evaluation experiments with popular cloud service infrastructures (Amazon Web Services, Google Compute Engine, Azure and OpenStack) showed that this could minimize the undetected acting period of intruders down to minutes.

Towards a Lightweight Multi-Cloud DSL for Elastic and Transferable Cloud-native Applications

Topics: Service Modeling and Specification; Multi-Cloud Solutions Enablement; Cloud Migration; Native Cloud Applications

Authors: Peter-Christian Quint and Nane Kratzke

Affiliation: Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0006683804000408

Proceedings of CLOSER 2018, ISBN: 978-989-758-295-0

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CCloud-native applications are intentionally designed for the cloud in order to leverage cloud platform features like horizontal scaling and elasticity – benefits coming along with cloud platforms. In addition to classical (and very often static) multi-tier deployment scenarios, cloud-native applications are typically operated on much more complex but elastic infrastructures. Furthermore, there is a trend to use elastic container platforms like Kubernetes, Docker Swarm or Apache Mesos. However, especially multi-cloud use cases are astonishingly complex to handle. In consequence, cloud-native applications are prone to vendor lock-in. Very often TOSCA-based approaches are used to tackle this aspect. But, these application topology defining approaches are limited in supporting multi-cloud adaption of a cloud-native application at runtime. In this paper, we analyzed several approaches to define cloud-native applications being multi-cloud transferable at runtime. We have not found an approach that fully satisfies all of our requirements. Therefore we introduce a solution proposal that separates elastic platform definition from cloud application definition. We present first considerations for a domain specific language for application definition and demonstrate evaluation results on the platform level showing that a cloud-native application can be transfered between different cloud service providers like Azure and Google within minutes and without downtime. The evaluation covers public and private cloud service infrastructures provided by Amazon Web Services, Microsoft Azure, Google Compute Engine and OpenStack.

Smuggling Multi-cloud Support into Cloud-native Applications using Elastic Container Platforms

Topics: Hybrid Clouds and their Integration; Cloud Application Portability; Cloud Deployment Models: Public/Private/Hybrid Cloud; Hybrid Cloud Integration; Multi-Cloud Solutions Enablement

Author: Nane Kratzke

Affiliation: Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0006230700570070

Proceedings of CLOSER 2017, ISBN: 978-989-758-243-1

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Elastic container platforms (like Kubernetes, Docker Swarm, Apache Mesos) fit very well with existing cloud-native application architecture approaches. So it is more than astonishing, that these already existing and open source available elastic platforms are not considered more consequently in multi-cloud research. Elastic container platforms provide inherent multi-cloud support that can be easily accessed. We present a solution proposal of a control process which is able to scale (and migrate as a side effect) elastic container platforms across different public and private cloud-service providers. This control loop can be used in an execution phase of self-adaptive auto-scaling MAPE loops (monitoring, analysis, planning, execution). Additionally, we present several lessons learned from our prototype implementation which might be of general interest for researchers and practitioners. For instance, to describe only the intended state of an elastic platform and let a single control process take care to reach this intended state is far less complex than to define plenty of specific and necessary multi-cloud aware workflows to deploy, migrate, terminate, scale up and scale down elastic platforms or applications.

ppbench - A Visualizing Network Benchmark for Microservices

Topics: Web Services; Cloud Applications Performance and Monitoring; Development Methods for Cloud Applications; Performance Development and Management; Microservices: Resource Allocation Elasticity; Cloud Quality and Performance; Application containers

Authors: Nane Kratzke and Peter-Christian Quint

Affiliation: Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0005732202230231

Proceedings of CLOSER 2016, ISBN: 978-989-758-182-3

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Companies like Netflix, Google, Amazon, Twitter successfully exemplified elastic and scalable microservice architectures for very large systems. Microservice architectures are often realized in a way to deploy services as containers on container clusters. Containerized microservices often use lightweight and REST-based mechanisms. However, this lightweight communication is often routed by container clusters through heavyweight software defined networks (SDN). Services are often implemented in different programming languages adding additional complexity to a system, which might end in decreased performance. Astonishingly it is quite complex to figure out these impacts in the upfront of a microservice design process due to missing and specialized benchmarks. This contribution proposes a benchmark intentionally designed for this microservice setting. We advocate that it is more useful to reflect fundamental design decisions and their performance impacts in the upfront of a microservice architecture development and not in the aftermath. We present some findings regarding performance impacts of some TIOBE TOP 50 programming languages (Go, Java, Ruby, Dart), containers (Docker as type representative) and SDN solutions (Weave as type representative).
Collapse Button Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (19)
Cloud Applications Performance and Monitoring

Enterprise Information Systems

Software Agents and Internet Computing

Cloud Computing

Mobile Software and Services

Software Engineering

Cloud Computing Enabling Technology

Ontologies and the Semantic Web

Software Engineering Methods and Techniques

Collaboration and e-Services

Performance Development and Management

Telecommunications

Data Engineering

Platforms and Applications

Web Services

Development Methods for Cloud Applications

Services Science

Wireless Information Networks and Systems
e-Business

Project Cloud TRANSIT - Or to Simplify Cloud-native Application Provisioning for SMEs by Integrating Already Available Container Technologies

Authors: Nane Kratzke 1 , Peter-Christian Quint 2 , Derek Palme 3 and Dirk Reimers 4

Affiliations: 1 Lübeck University of Applied Sciences, Germany , 2 Lübeck University of Applied Sciences - Center of Excellence for Communication, Systems and Applications (CoSA), Germany , 3 fat CON.LOGIC GmbH, Germany , 4 fat IT solutions GmbH, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0007902700030026

Proceedings of EPS Rome 2016 2016, ISBN: 978-989-758-207-3

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Cloud computing enables to deliver innovative services very agile and at world-scale. Even very small companies with access on first class cloud engineering knowledge can create exponential business growth. Companies like Instagram or Netflix proofed that impressively. But, operating cloud-native applications is extremely challenging and overburdens the capabilities of most SME IT-departments. Sadly, most of current research solution proposals do not focus on these micro or small companies intentionally. Instead of that, this contribution presents a concept for an elastic cloud runtime platform, which is intentionally designed for such small companies. This elastic platform shall provide a transferable, vendor lock-in avoiding, elastic, manageable and easy-to-adapt cloud runtime environment (not only) for SMEs, small research groups or non-profit organizations.

Using Gamification to Enhance User Motivation in an Online-coaching Application for Flexible Workers

Topics: Usability and Ergonomics; Human Factors and Social Issues; Design of Web Interface

Authors: Sophie Jent and Monique Janneck

Affiliation: University of Applied Sciences, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0005898400350041

Proceedings of WEBIST 2016, ISBN: 978-989-758-186-1

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The number of people who are solo-self-employed or experience very flexible, individualized working conditions has grown over the last years. As a consequence, these persons need to design their own working conditions in the sense of ‘job crafting’. We are developing an online coaching application for this target group to convey job design skills, increase well-being, and reduce stress. To enhance user motivation gamification elements are used in the online coach. In this paper we report on the evaluation of a prototype of the coaching application with different gamification elements by means of a user test with the target group. The results show that gamification has only a small effect in short-term use, but seems promising in the long term.
Collapse Button Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (3)
Usability and Ergonomics

Web Information Systems and Technologies

Web Interfaces and Applications

Facebook@Work - The Use of Social Media for Work-related Exchange and Support

Authors: Monique Janneck 1 , Marcus Kluetmann 1 , Sophie Jent 1 and Henning Staar 2

Affiliations: 1 University of Applied Sciences, Germany , 2 Business and Information Technology School, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0005526206550661

Proceedings of STDIS 2015/WEBIST, ISBN: 978-989-758-106-9

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Research on informal Social Networks such as Facebook has so far mainly focused on participants’ private exchange, addressing topics like self-disclosure, self-presentation, privacy issues and so on. However, informal Social Networks, despite their more private nature, might also be used for work-related exchange and private support for workplace challenges and problems. In this paper we investigate to what extent informal Social Networks are used for work-related exchange and whether this is related to forms of social support the participants experience. To that end an online survey was conducted among users of Facebook. Results show that while work-related Facebook use is generally low, there is some potential to use Social Networks as a vehicle to build a strong support network for seeking of valuable information and advice to cope with possible work-related challenges, especially as participants showed a high willingness to extend help and support to other users.

Political Skills 2.0 - An Analysis of Success-oriented Strategic Behavior in Online Business Networks

Authors: Henning Staar 1 , Pia Keysers 1 , Fabian Storch 1 , Christian Kempny 1 and Monique Janneck 2

Affiliations: 1 BiTS Business and Information Technology School, Germany , 2 University of Applied Sciences Luebeck, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0005530006700676

Proceedings of STDIS 2015/WEBIST, ISBN: 978-989-758-106-9

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This study investigated media competencies and political skills of users of a Business Network–namely XING–and their relation with successful use of the online platform by means of an online survey (N=182). Subjective as well as objective criteria for professional success were used. Results show that besides general media competencies, individual abilities to exert social influence are highly relevant to take advantage of Social Networks: Participants with both high media competencies and political skills enjoyed more opportunities for personal training and development and received more business offers.

Does the Playing Field Determine the Game? - An Impact Analysis of Structural Virtual Network Characteristics on Political Actions

Authors: Henning Staar 1 , Monique Janneck 2 , Frederik Metzger 3 , Stefan Berwing 3 and Thomas Armbrüster 4

Affiliations: 1 University of Hamburg, Germany , 2 Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Germany , 3 University of Mannheim, Germany , 4 University of Erfurt, Germany

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0004500105710580

Proceedings of STDIS 2013/WEBIST, ISBN: 978-989-8565-54-9

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Virtual networks are often characterized as having less formal and hierarchical structures. Instead, informal actions and so-called political behaviour of individual members play an important role regarding power and decision-making. In this paper we investigate the relation between structural characteristics of virtual networks and informal influence tactics of network members. Results show that there are indeed numerous relations between the ‘playing field’ provided by the network structure and the behaviour of individual network players. Surprisingly, an increase of formalization, e.g. through the use of agreements, fixed principles and rules or even contracts, did not constrain informal political behavior. On the contrary, higher formalization was comprehensively associated with higher use of micro-political tactics.

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