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13 Papers

A Pragmatic System-failure Assessment and Response Model

Topics: Intrusion Detection and Response; Risk and Reputation Management; Threat Awareness; Security Awareness and Education

Authors: Jassim Happa , Graham Fairclough , Jason R. C. Nurse , Ioannis Agrafiotis , Michael Goldsmith and Sadie Creese

Affiliation: University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0005795105030508

Proceedings of ICISSP 2016, ISBN: 978-989-758-167-0

Quick Abstract

Several attack models exist today that attempt to describe cyber-attacks to varying degrees of granularity. Fast and effective decision-making during cyber-attacks is often vital, especially during incidents in which reputation, finance and physical damage can have a crippling effect on people and organisations. Such attacks can render an organisation paralysed, and it may cease to function, we refer to such an incident as a “System Failure”. In this paper we propose a novel conceptual model to help analysts make pragmatic decisions during a System Failure. Our model distils the essence of attacks and provides an easy-to-remember framework intended to help analysts ask relevant questions at the right time, irrespective of what data is available to them. Using abstraction-based reasoning our model allows enterprises to achieve “some” situational awareness during a System Failure, but more importantly, enable them to act upon their understanding and to justify their decisions. Abstraction drives the reasoning process making the approach relevant today and in the future, unlike several existing models that become deprecated over time (as attacks evolve). In the future, it will be necessary to trial the model in exercises to assess its value.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (3)

Internet Technology

Intrusion Detection and Response

Web Information Systems and Technologies

Knowing the past to Plan for the Future - An In-depth Analysis of the First 10 Editions of the WEBIST Conference

Topics: Knowledge Management; Communities of Interest; Data Mining; Meta-Knowledge Discovery and Representation

Authors: Giseli Rabello Lopes ¹ , Bernardo Pereira Nunes ² , Luiz André P. Paes Leme ³ , Terhi Nurmikko-Fuller ⁴ and Marco A. Casanova ²

Affiliations: ¹ Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil , ² Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil , ³ Fluminense Federal University, Brazil , ⁴ Oxford University, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0005447704310442

Proceedings of WEBIST 2015, ISBN: 978-989-758-106-9

Quick Abstract

Over the last ten years, members of the WEBIST community have dedicated their time and efforts to face a number of research challenges, making significant advances in Information Systems and pointing to new directions for innovation and learning. After ten successful WEBIST conferences and several scientific publications, an extensive analysis of the WEBIST conferences has been carried out (involving authors, publications, conference impact, topics coverage, community analysis and other aspects) to possibly assist us to further advance Information Systems. Thus, in this paper, we present an in-depth analysis of the last ten WEBIST conferences based on social network analysis, bibliometrics and statistical measures and describe a Web-based application built on top of triplified datasets to interactively explore the findings and possibly assist the Information Systems community to reveal new directions.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (16)

Artificial Intelligence	Enterprise Information Systems	Sensor Networks
Biomedical Engineering	Health Information Systems	Signal Processing
Communities of Interest	Information Systems Analysis and Specification	Society, e-Business and e-Government
Data Engineering	Knowledge Management	Soft Computing
Data Mining	Ontologies and the Semantic Web	Web Information Systems and Technologies
Databases and Information Systems Integration

Using Internet Activity Profiling for Insider-threat Detection

Authors: Bushra A. Alahmadi ¹ , Philip A. Legg ² and Jason R. C. Nurse ¹

Affiliations: ¹ University of Oxford, United Kingdom , ² University of the West of England, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0005480407090720

Proceedings of WOSIS 2015/ICEIS, ISBN: 978-989-758-097-0

Quick Abstract

The insider-threat problem continues to be a major risk to both public and private sectors, where those people who have privileged knowledge and access choose to abuse this in some way to cause harm towards their organisation. To combat against this, organisations are beginning to invest heavily in deterrence monitoring tools to observe employees’ activity, such as computer access, Internet browsing, and email communications. Whilst such tools may provide some way towards detecting attacks afterwards, what may be more useful is preventative monitoring, where user characteristics and behaviours inform about the possibility of an attack before it happens. Psychological research advocates that the behaviour and preference of a person can be explained to a great extent by psychological constructs called personality traits, which could then possibly indicate the likelihood of an individual being a potential insider threat. By considering how browsing content relates to psychological constructs (such as OCEAN), and how an individual’s browsing behaviour deviates over time, potential insider-threats could be uncovered before significant damage is caused. The main contribution in this paper is to explore how Internet browsing activity could be used to predict the individual’s psychological characteristics in order to detect potential insider-threats. Our results demonstrate that predictive assessment can be made between the content available on a website, and the associated personality traits, which could greatly improve the prospects of preventing insider attacks.

Model Composition for Biological Mathematical Systems

Topics: Component-Based Software Engineering; Domain-Specific Modeling; General-Purpose Modeling Languages and Standards; Syntax and Semantics of Modeling Languages; Meta-Modeling: Foundations and Tools

Authors: Mandeep Gill ¹ , Steve McKeever ² and David Gavaghan ¹

Affiliations: ¹ University of Oxford, United Kingdom , ² Uppsala University, Sweden

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0004699202170224

Proceedings of MODELSWARD 2014, ISBN: 978-989-758-007-9

Quick Abstract

Mathematical models are frequently used to model biological process, such as cardiac electrophysiological systems. In order to separate the models from the implementations, and to facilitate curation, domain specific languages (DSLs) have become a popular and effective means of specifying models (Lloyd et al., 2004; Hucka et al., 2004). In previous papers (Gill et al., 2012a; Gill et al., 2012b; McKeever et al., 2013) we have argued for including parameterised modules as part of such DSLs. We presented our prototype Ode language and showed how models could be created in a generic fashion. In this paper we extend our work with concrete examples and simulation results. We show how complex heart models can be constructed by aggregation, encapsulation and subtyping. Our use-case retraces the steps taken by (Niederer et al., 2009), which investigated the common history between cardiac models, and shows how they can be cast in our language to be reused and extended. Our DSL enables ‘physiological model engineering’ through the development of generic modules exploiting high cohesion and low coupling.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (11)

Applications and Software Development	Languages, Tools and Architectures	Paradigm Trends
Component-Based Software Engineering	MetaModeling	Software Engineering
Domain-Specific Modeling and Domain-Specific Languages	Model-Driven Software Development	Syntax and Semantics of Modeling Languages
General-Purpose Modeling Languages and Standards	Models

Baroreceptor Sensitivity is Optimized by Deep Brain Stimulation in Humans

Topic: Surgical Simulators

Authors: Jonathan Hyam , Tipu Aziz and Alexander Green

Affiliation: University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Quick Abstract

Objectives Dysautonomia can be debilitating and predominantly manifests as postural hypotension. Sympathetic myocardial denervation and deranged arterial baroreceptor reflex are among the abnormalities described in Parkinson's disease (PD) in which dysautonomia can affect up to 50% of patients. Deep brain stimulators placed within the brainstem or hypothalamus have been shown to modulate cardiorespiratory function and many of these stimulated sites are components of the central autonomic network and the baroreceptor circuit. Electrical stimulation is provided chronically through an implanted electrode, across the brain-machine interface. In humans, we have previously demonstrated a resistance to postural drop in blood pressure on standing and during head-up tilt with deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the periventricular grey matter of the midbrain and pedunculopontine nucleus at the junction of the midbrain and pons. This mirrors results found in animal studies. We investigated whether DBS could improve Valsalva response, an index of dysautonomia, using PD as the model of dysautonomia. Design Prospective Controlled Study Subjects Eight PD patients tested and stimulation On and Off in random order. Method Valsalva manoeuvre to achieve a pressure of 30-40mmHg was sustained for 15 seconds. Portapress continuous non-invasive plethysmography to record blood pressure and electrocardiogram were recorded. Baroreceptor sensitivity (BRS) was calculated from the transfer function of systolic BP and R-R interval using autoregressive modelling. Valsalva ratio (VR) was calculated as the ratio between the quickest heart rate during Phase II against the slowest heart rate of Phase IV of the Valsalva manoeuvre (normal VR>1.21) Results Six patients could be successfully tested. Valsalva ratio increased with stimulation from median 1.15 (SE +/- 0.06) Off to 1.20 (SE +/- 0.06) On (p=0.028). BRS increased significantly during Valsalva compared to rest with stimulation On versus Off (p=0.028). BRS increase had a major correlation with mean depth of PPN stimulating electrode contacts whereby it explained 89% of its variance (Spearman’s rho=0.943, n=6, p=0.005). Conclusion Pathological cardiovascular response to Valsalva manoeuvre in PD, characteristic of dysautonomia, shifted towards normal. There was a direct effect on BRS itself suggesting central cardiovascular modulation by DBS. This adds to the body of human data supporting the beneficial cardiovascular modulation provided by DBS and this is the first study to show significant improvements in autonomic function in patients with existing dysautonomia.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (3)

Cardiovascular Technologies

Health Engineering and Technology Applications

Surgical Technologies and Advanced Robotics

Inspired Sinewave Technique to Non-invasive Lung Function Testing - An Introduction and Update of Recent Developments

Topics: Biomedical Instrumentation; Biomedical Equipment; Health Monitoring Devices

Authors: Phi Anh Phan , Sara Ffrench-constant , Andrew Farmery and Clive E. W. Hahn

Affiliation: University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0004241601480152

Proceedings of BIODEVICES 2013/BIOSTEC, ISBN: 978-989-8565-34-1

Quick Abstract

Inspired Sinewave is a novel technique to measure dead space, alveolar volume, and pulmonary blood flow noninvasively. In this paper, we describe a brief introduction to the principle of the technique, which involves forcing inspired concentrations to oscillate sinusoidally and measuring responding expired concentrations. Then, we give some updates to the recent developments of the device. These include accuracy and robustness studies of the device on bench lungs and volunteers, and study of lung volume change from sitting to supine. The success of these studies is a big step forward to make this novel device a useful clinical tool. The paper concludes with a description of future work.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (8)

Biomedical Engineering	Biomedical Instruments and Devices	Human-Computer Interaction
Biomedical Equipment	Devices	Physiological Computing Systems
Biomedical Instrumentation	Health Monitoring Devices

VIDaaS - Design Architecture of Virtual Infrastructure with Database as a Service

Topics: Cloud Computing Architecture; Service-Oriented Architecture; Service Composition; Cloud Middleware Frameworks; Cloud Application Architectures; SAAS, PAAS, IAAS

Authors: Asif Akram and Christian Fernau

Affiliation: Oxford University, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0003932301020107

Proceedings of CLOSER 2012, ISBN: 978-989-8565-05-1

Quick Abstract

This paper presents design and deployment architecture of research project Virtual Infrastructure with Database as a Service (VIDaaS). VIDaaS supports common requirements of multi-disciplinary researchers and caters for different database types besides the traditional relational database. The ambitious and challenging goals of VIDaaS require innovative and flexible design and deployment architecture. The primary focus of this research paper is to discuss an architecture framework for the existing database system melded with the Cloud computing paradigm in order to improve the scalability and boost the performance of database systems. VIDaaS is based on reusable architectural model benefiting from Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA) and cloud design which is not limited to DaaS and can be applicable to any Software as a Service (SaaS).

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (17)

Cloud Application Architectures	Enterprise Information Systems	Service Composition and Mashups
Cloud Computing	Fundamentals	Service-Oriented Architectures
Cloud Computing Architecture	Languages, Tools and Architectures	Services Science
Cloud Middleware Frameworks	Model-Driven Software Development	Software Engineering
Communication and Software Technologies and Architectures	Platforms and Applications	Technology Platforms
e-Business	SAAS, PAAS, IAAS

VITAL-SIGN DATA FUSION MODELS FOR POST-OPERATIVE PATIENTS

Topics: Pattern Recognition; Medical Signal Acquisition, Analysis and Processing; Monitoring and Telemetry

Authors: Marco A. F. Pimentel , David A. Clifton , Lei Clifton , Peter J. Watkinson and Lionel Tarassenko

Affiliation: University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0003789104100413

Proceedings of BIOSIGNALS 2012/BIOSTEC, ISBN: 978-989-8425-89-8

Quick Abstract

Deterioration in Patients who undergo upper-gastrointestinal surgery may be evident in the vital signs prior to adverse events. A dataset comprising observational vital-sign data from 128 post-operative patients was used to explore the trajectory of patients vital-sign changes during their stay in the post-operative ward. A model of normality based on pre-discharge data from patients who had a “normal” recovery was constructed using kernel density estimates, and tested with “abnormal” data from patients who deteriorate sufficiently to be re-admitted to the Intensive Care Unit. The results suggest that the criticality of post-operative patients can be evaluated by assessment of the distributions of their vital signs after their admission to the post-operative ward.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (17)

Applications and Services	Health Engineering and Technology Applications	Neurotechnology, Electronics and Informatics
Artificial Intelligence	Human-Computer Interaction	Pattern Recognition
Biomedical Engineering	Medical Image Detection, Acquisition, Analysis and Processing	Physiological Computing Systems
Biomedical Signal Processing	Methodologies and Methods	Sensor Networks
Computer Vision, Visualization and Computer Graphics	Monitoring and Telemetry	Soft Computing
Data Manipulation	Neurocomputing

FORMALIZING TRUST REQUIREMENTS AND SPECIFICATION IN SERVICE WORKFLOW ENVIRONMENTS

Topics: Modeling of Distributed Systems; Virtual Enterprises; Security and Privacy; Modeling Formalisms, Languages, and Notations (e.g. UML, ER variants); Collaborative Computing

Authors: Wattana Viriyasitavat ¹ and Andrew Martin ²

Affiliations: ¹ University of Oxford and Chulalongkorn University, United Kingdom , ² University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0003479501960206

Proceedings of ICEIS 2011, ISBN: 978-989-8425-55-3

Quick Abstract

The emergence of advance communication technologies such as Internet has changed the nature of face-to-face towards virtual interactions in the form of services. Proliferation of services has enabled the creation of new value-added services composed of several sub-services in a pre-specified manner, known as service workflows. There are a number of security issues as workflows require disparate services to dynamically collaborate and interact on demand. Trust is an enabling technology serving as an adaptive and platform-independent solution that fits in this context. However, the lack of consensus on a unified trust definition and the traditional mindset of treating trust requirements separately pose the difficulty in developing formal specification. This paper provides a formal framework to this problem. The central part of the paper is logic based formalism with algebraic expressions to formally specify trust requirements. A trust definition and three modes of trust are described with algebraic operators to form specification formulae. The contribution of the framework is to allow trust requirements to be formally and uniformly specified by each distributed autonomous service, serving as a core component for automatic compliance checking in service workflows.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (15)

Collaborative Computing	Enterprise Information Systems	Security and Privacy
Communication and Software Technologies and Architectures	Information Systems Analysis and Specification	Software Agents and Internet Computing
Computer-Supported Education	Information Technologies Supporting Learning	Sustainable Computing and Communications
e-Business	Mobile and Pervasive Computing	Telecommunications
Energy and Economy	Modeling of Distributed Systems	Virtual Enterprises

OPTIMISING CLASSIFIERS FOR THE DETECTION OF PHYSIOLOGICAL DETERIORATION IN PATIENT VITAL-SIGN DATA

Topics: Pattern Recognition; Medical Signal Acquisition, Analysis and Processing; Physiological Processes and Bio-Signal Modeling, Non-Linear Dynamics; Monitoring and Telemetry

Authors: Sara Khalid , David A. Clifton , Lei Clifton and Lionel Tarassenko

Affiliation: University of Oxford, United Kingdom

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0003138904250428

Proceedings of BIOSIGNALS 2011/BIOSTEC, ISBN: 978-989-8425-35-5

Quick Abstract

Hospital patient outcomes can be improved by the early identification of physiological deterioration. Automatic methods of detecting patient deterioration in vital-sign data typically attempt to identify deviations from assumed “normal” physiological condition. This paper investigates the use of a multi-class approach, in which “abnormal” physiology is modelled explicitly. The success of such a method relies on the accuracy of data annotations provided by clinical experts. We propose an approach to estimate class labels provided by clinicians, and refine those labels such they may be used to optimise a multi-class classifier for identifying patient deterioration. We demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed methods using a large data-set acquired in a 24-bed step-down unit.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (18)

Applications and Services	Health Engineering and Technology Applications	Neurotechnology, Electronics and Informatics
Artificial Intelligence	Human-Computer Interaction	Pattern Recognition
Biomedical Engineering	Medical Image Detection, Acquisition, Analysis and Processing	Physiological Computing Systems
Biomedical Signal Processing	Methodologies and Methods	Physiological Processes and Bio-Signal Modeling, Non-Linear Dynamics
Computer Vision, Visualization and Computer Graphics	Monitoring and Telemetry	Sensor Networks
Data Manipulation	Neurocomputing	Soft Computing