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University of Porto, Portugal

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38 Papers

Exploring Stakeholders’ Practical Needs for GDPR Compliance

Topics: User Experience; Design and Evaluation; User Behavior Analysis; Ethics, Privacy and Security of HCI

Authors: Ana Ferreira , Pedro Vieira-Marques and Rute Almeida

Affiliation: RISE-Health, Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0013360900003929

Proceedings of ICEIS 2025, ISBN: 978-989-758-749-8

Quick Abstract

In a time when various regulations and directives are enforced within the European cyberspace regarding cybersecurity and data protection, General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) requirements are still far from being completely understood and integrated into the practice of individuals personal and sensitive data processing. Having clear directions of what is needed to protect the privacy of personal data is essential but even more, is the availability of tools and mechanisms that can provide easy, structured and, hopefully, more automated ways to implement those requirements in practice. After more than six years of GDPR enforcement, how are people aware, knowledgeable and prepared to comply with GDPR in their daily practice? Moreover, what still needs to be done to improve this process? This work presents the results of a survey aimed to collect the perceptions, preferences and needs regarding interactive and assistive tools, together with its content, to support GDPR compliance in practice. Participants (n=62) from varied backgrounds and experiences agreed that such tools are very needed and can have beneficial impact in terms of Privacy, Knowledge, Efficiency and Productivity, but also in terms of Safety. Results also show that stakeholders who frequently need to perform personal data processing, do not many times have the knowledge, experience or required support to put compliance procedures into practice, and within their context. Our study contributes to understanding what content and functionalities a GDPR compliance tool must include to support those stakeholders.

Innovation in Geriatric Care: An AI Assistant with LLM Integration Based on Health Guidelines

Topics: ICT, Ageing and Disability; Medical Informatics; Medical Artificial Intelligence; Large Language Models in Medicine

Authors: Juliana Basulo-Ribeiro ¹ , Nádia Matos ^{2

;

3} , Sabrina Araujo ^{2

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3

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4} , Nuno Capela ^{2

;

3} , Francisco Bischoff ^{2

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4

;

5} , Leonor Teixeira ¹ and Ricardo Cruz-Correia ^{2

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4

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5}

Affiliations: ¹ Department of Economics, Management, Industrial Engineering and Tourism (DEGEIT), Institute of Electronics and Informatics Engineering of Aveiro (IEETA), Intelligent Systems Associate Laboratory (LASI), University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal , ² Department of Community Medicine, Information and Health Decision Sciences (MEDCIDS), Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal , ³ Health Data Science Ph.D. Program, Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto, Porto, Portugal , ⁴ CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal , ⁵ VirtualCare, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0013096100003911

Proceedings of HEALTHINF 2025, ISBN: 978-989-758-731-3

Quick Abstract

With the advance of artificial intelligence and natural language processing technology, a new tool is standing out in the field of understanding and generating natural language in a sophisticated way: the Large Language Model (LLM). According to several authors, LLMs can be used for various types of medical cases, providing access to different sources of information, and have opened up countless opportunities in the healthcare sector. This work aims to share the lessons learned during the process of developing an LLM-based assistant aimed at specific pathologies that are more prevalent in the elderly in order to support caregivers, whether they are private individuals, home care organizations, nursing homes or others. This study has a significant potential impact on the community by providing access to detailed information on developing an LLM-based assistant.

Illegitimate HIS Access by Healthcare Professionals Detection System Applying an Audit Trail-based Model

Topics: Ehealth; Confidentiality and Data Security; Medical Informatics

Authors: Liliana Sá-Correia ¹ , Manuel E. Correia ² and Ricardo Cruz-Correia ^{3

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1}

Affiliations: ¹ HLTSYS, HealthySystems, lda, Porto, Portugal , ² Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Portugal , ³ Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems - CINTESIS, Porto, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0008991505390546

Proceedings of HEALTHINF 2020/BIOSTEC, ISBN: 978-989-758-398-8

Quick Abstract

Complex data management on healthcare institutions makes very hard to identify illegitimate accesses which is a serious issue. We propose to develop a system to detect accesses with suspicious behavior for further investigation. We modeled use cases (UC) and sequence diagrams (SD) showing the data flow between users and systems. The algorithms represented by activity diagrams apply rules based on professionals’ routines, use data from an audit trail (AT) and classify accesses as suspicious or normal. The algorithms were evaluated between 23rd and 31st July 2019. The results were analyzed using absolute and relative frequencies and dispersion measures. Access classification was in accordance to rules applied. “Check time of activity” UC had 64,78% of suspicious classifications, being 55% of activity period shorter and 9,78% longer than expected, “Check days of activity” presented 2,27% of suspicious access and “EHR read access” 79%, the highest percentage of suspicious accesses. The results show the first picture of HIS accesses. Deeper analysis to evaluate algorithms sensibility and specificity should be done. Lack of more detailed information about professionals’ routines and systems, and low quality of systems logs are some limitations. Although we believe this is an important step in this field.

Informatics as Support for Changes in Health Policy: A Case in Obstetrics

Topics: Evaluation and Use of Healthcare IT; Electronic Health Records and Standards; Medical Informatics

Authors: Giovana Jaskulski Gelatti ^{1

;

2} , Pedro Pereira Rodrigues ^{1

;

3} and Ricardo João Cruz Correia ^{1

;

3}

Affiliations: ¹ Centre for Health Technology and Services Research, 4200-450, Porto, Portugal , ² Institute of Mathematical and Computer Sciences of University of São Paulo, 13566-590, São Carlos, Brasil , ³ Universidade do Porto, Faculty of Medicine of University of Porto, 4200-319, Porto, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0009173807450749

Proceedings of HEALTHINF 2020/BIOSTEC, ISBN: 978-989-758-398-8

Quick Abstract

Introduction: In 2015 the Directorate-General for Health of Portugal published new standards (DGS 001/2015) for the registration of cesarean section indicators. The existing scenario was the lack of data, influencing the quality of indicators and analyses on them. The use of a single computer tool was encouraged to register and compare indicators between hospitals with special attention to the Robson Classification as it employs basic information of pregnancy to classify all deliveries in 10 groups. The selected tool was Obscare software. Aim: Describe the scenario on data quality by analyzing the completeness of obstetric records from 2016 to 2018 of the variables used in Robson’s classification collected by the Obscare tool. Methods: The completeness is evaluated using a number of missing values. The lower the completeness, the higher the number of missing values. Also, we perform the imputation of data based on basic concepts and analyzed the participation of this data in the indication of the type of delivery to be performed according to classification suggested by DGS 001/2015. Results: From 2016 to 2018, 5922 number of pregnancies resulted in 5922 of Robson Classifications. The variables with lower completeness were related to previous cesarean section (77%) and previous pregnancies (43%). After imputation, it fell to 3.9% and 0.56%, respectively causing 4.6% of discarded data from the total. Discussion: There is a significant amount of missing data in basic variables used to study the classification of delivery type. We believe that encouraging data completion with the possibility of comparing data between hospitals should be a priority in the health area.

Patients to Mobilize Their Data: Secure and Flexible mHealth Delegation

Topics: Identity and Trust Management; Security Architecture and Design Analysis; Web Applications and Services; Access and Usage Control

Authors: Rafael Almeida , Pedro Vieira-Marques and Ana Ferreira

Affiliation: CINTESIS - Centro de Investigação em Tecnologias e Serviços de Saúde, Faculty of Medicine of Porto, Porto, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0008972905520560

Proceedings of ICISSP 2020, ISBN: 978-989-758-399-5

Quick Abstract

This work describes the development of a prototype of a secure and flexible delegation architecture, to be applied to an mHealth scenario where a mobile app is used for monitoring and coaching asthma patients. The motivation is the fact that mHealth apps are not security prepared and patients still have no trust in using them, on a regular basis. Nonetheless, patients can acknowledge mHealth potential and see the relevance of sharing/delegating health data to others, e.g., healthcare professionals, depending not only on the necessity and security, but also on the level of control they can have over it. This proposal empowers the patient to control, in a flexible, easy and secure way, fine-grained delegation features within a real mHealth setting.

mHealth Applications: Can User-adaptive Visualization and Context Affect the Perception of Security and Privacy?

Topics: Adaptive and Adaptable User Interfaces; Interaction Techniques and Devices; Interface Design

Authors: Joana Muchagata , Pedro Vieira-Marques and Ana Ferreira

Affiliation: CINTESIS - Center for Health Technology and Services Research, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto and Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0007724304440451

Proceedings of ICEIS 2019, ISBN: 978-989-758-372-8

Quick Abstract

Through mobile applications, patients and health professionals are able to access and monitor health data. But even with user-adaptive systems, which can adjust interface content according to individual’s needs and context (e.g., physical location), data privacy can be at risk, as these techniques do not aim to protect them or even identify the presence of vulnerabilities. The main goal of this paper is to test with end-users the adaptive visualization techniques, together with the context where they are used, to understand how these may influence users’ security perception, and decide which techniques can be applied to improve security and privacy of visualized data. An online survey was applied to test two different use-cases and contexts, where traditional access and access using visualization techniques are compared in terms of security characteristics. Preliminary results with 27 participants show that when accessing personal data from a patients’ perspective, the context has higher influence in the perception of confidentiality (authorized access) and integrity (authorized modification) of visualized data while for a health professional’s perspective, independently of the context, the visualization techniques are the ones that seem to primarily influence participants’ choices for those security characteristics. For availability (data available to authorized users whenever necessary), both visualization techniques and context have little, or no influence, in the participants’ choice.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (5)

Adaptive and Adaptable User Interfaces		Human-Computer Interaction		Interface Design
Enterprise Information Systems		Interaction Techniques and Devices

Usability Study of a Tool for Patients’ Access Control to Their Health Data

Topics: Evaluation and Use of Healthcare IT; Electronic Health Records and Standards; Human-Machine Interfaces; Medical Informatics; Design and Development of Methodologies for Healthcare IT

Authors: Sandra Reis ¹ , Ana Ferreira ² , Pedro Vieira-Marques ² and Ricardo Cruz-Correia ³

Affiliations: ¹ Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto – FMUP, Porto, Portugal, HealthySystems - HLTSYS, Lda, Porto and Portugal , ² Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto – FMUP, Porto, Portugal, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems – CINTESIS, Porto and Portugal , ³ Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade do Porto – FMUP, Porto, Portugal, HealthySystems - HLTSYS, Lda, Porto, Portugal, Center for Research in Health Technologies and Information Systems – CINTESIS, Porto and Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0007391200940102

Proceedings of HEALTHINF 2019/BIOSTEC, ISBN: 978-989-758-353-7

Quick Abstract

Considering the need that is expected for the institutions to be compliant with the new legislation we intended to create a tool (MyRegister) that will allow patients to know which professionals accessed their health data in healthcare institutions where they have had previous contact. Before development we decided to create a functional prototype to validate the user interface of the tool with real users. We created an evaluation instrument consisting of 4 tasks and a SUS questionnaire that allowed us to evaluate the MyRegister interface of the prototype by the participants. The results of the evaluation of the prototype allowed us to identify some of the major usability problems of the interface, while the SUS score of 79.5 in 100 is a result that shows good usability. Regarding the performed tasks, all were completed by the participants but not all of them answered correctly to the questions asked. After correcting the problems found and implementing the suggestions of the participants that we consider permissible to include, we intend to continue this project with the development of the tool and test its usability as well as user experience in real environments with a wider and more heterogeneous sample.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (7)

Biomedical Engineering	Health Information Systems	Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics
Electronic Health Records and Standards	Human-Machine Interfaces	Robotics and Automation
Evaluation and Use of Healthcare IT

High Tech, High Touch: Integrating Digital and Human AAL Advisory Services for Older Adults

Topics: Decision Support Systems; Agent-based Interfaces; Autonomy and Active Ageing; Self-fulfillment and Social Participation

Authors: Diotima Bertel ¹ , Soraia Teles ² , Flora Strohmeier ¹ , Pedro Vieira-Marques ³ , Paul Schmitter ⁴ , Stefan Ruscher ¹ , Constança Paúl ² and Andrea Ch. Kofler ⁴

Affiliations: ¹ SYNYO GmbH, Austria , ² Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS) and Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Portugal , ³ Center for Health Technology and Services Research (CINTESIS), Portugal , ⁴ Zurich University of Applied Sciences, Switzerland

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0006799002410249

Proceedings of ICT4AWE 2018, ISBN: 978-989-758-299-8

Quick Abstract

While Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) solutions have conquered some market niches of service provisions to the ageing society, those services are often still provided in isolation and in a technocentric way. In this position paper, we build on the concepts of engagement ecosystems and engagement platforms to argue that an integration of physical and virtual worlds is necessary for service provisions in the AAL field in general and in advisory services in particular. We discuss the challenge on how to integrate virtual and physical dimensions in a solution for stakeholders’ engagement. With a focus on the ‘human touch’, we conceptualize Active Advisors, embedded in the scope of the EU-funded project ActiveAdvice. We state that the concept of a human advisor is of utmost relevance in this field due to the digital divide still affecting older age groups. Active Advisors help to overcome the shortage of most service and product platforms, i.e. lack of personalization and interaction, and at the same time offer a face-to-face (f2f) experience in the consumer-organization interactions.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (10)

Artificial Intelligence	Data Engineering	Health Engineering and Technology Applications
Business Analytics	Decision Support Systems	Knowledge-Based Systems
Cardiovascular Technologies	Decision Support Systems, Remote Data Analysis	Symbolic Systems
Computing and Telecommunications in Cardiology

Phishing Through Time: A Ten Year Story based on Abstracts

Topic: Phishing

Authors: Ana Ferreira and Pedro Vieira-Marques

Affiliation: University of Porto, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0006552602250232

Proceedings of ICISSP 2018, ISBN: 978-989-758-282-0

Quick Abstract

For a researcher interested in phishing, it would be useful to access an overview of phishing evolution through time, where a set of methods, tools, solutions, user studies, type of attacks, countermeasures and so on, could be acquired from a single story. This story is essential for the security community to improve on existing research as well as build new effective countermeasures to face phishing attacks. However, no systematic review exists in the literature providing a wide overview of all phishing topics. Available reviews usually focus on one or two at a time. In fact, since there is widely available and varied literature on phishing, making a comprehensive review can take a long time and be cumbersome. This paper describes a method to perform a review on abstracts of 605 scientific papers selected from major online research databases, between 2006 and 2016. The study uses a qualitative categorization software to, for the first time, achieve a story of phishing trends in its existing research strands for that period. According to obtained results, no single solution for the phishing threat could yet be found and most research is turning now into more integrated socio-technical and human related solutions.

Modulation of Existent Obstetrics EHRs to the openEHR Specification

Topics: Interoperability; Semantic Interoperability; Evaluation and Use of Healthcare IT; e-Health

Authors: João Carlos Menezes de Magalhães and Ricardo João Cruz Correia

Affiliation: Universidade do Porto, Portugal

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0005220804390445

Proceedings of HEALTHINF 2015/BIOSTEC, ISBN: 978-989-758-068-0

Quick Abstract

Objective: Create templates in OpenEHR through the modulation of existing electronic health records defined in OpenObsCare platform. Materials and Methods: Apply a 4 step process: select data fields already existent in OpenObscare; search both in openEHR and NEHTA clinical knowledge manager (CKM) for the archetypes that contain these data fields; create new archetypes when a data field doesn’t have an existent one in both CKM’s; develop templates from all the information gathered in the previous steps. Results: Development of 6 templates available online via http://joaomagalhaes.me/admission\_templates and 1 archetype (openEHR-EHR-CLUSTER.exam-vagina.v1). Discussion: The process of modulation from existent EHR to the openEHR was possible since the standardization of clinical concepts allowed the re-utilization of a lot of already existent archetypes. This speeds up the development process by defining earlier the domain knowledge necessary for the HIS. Some hurdles faced in the process were due to the necessity of translation of all the archetypes to use at a national level and also due to the lack of national wide accepted terminologies. As this process is eased by the robustness of existent archetypes, the creation of default obstetric templates validated by a special commission, would probably be advantageous since the interoperability and semantics standardization would allow effective transmission of information between all the health care agents. Conclusion: The modulation of admission data existent in the HIS OpenObsCare to openEHR was easier than the ”traditional” way of doing it which is by specifying requirements. This is due to the fact that a lot of the existent archetypes are already robust enough and the number of them is enough to represent several clinical concepts contained in the created templates.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (23)

Artificial Intelligence	Enterprise Information Systems	Platforms and Applications
Biomedical Engineering	Evaluation and Use of Healthcare IT	Semantic Interoperability
Cloud Computing	Health Information Systems	Sensor Networks
Collaboration and e-Services	Integration/Interoperability	Simulation and Modeling
Complex Systems Modeling and Simulation	Interoperability	Software Agents and Internet Computing
Data Engineering	Knowledge Management and Information Sharing	Software and Architectures
e-Business	Knowledge-Based Systems	Symbolic Systems
e-Health	Ontologies and the Semantic Web

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