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University of Agder, Norway

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38 Papers

Formative Feedback in Mathematics Teacher Education: An Activity and Affordance Theory Perspective

Topic: Tools to Assess Learning

Authors: Said Hadjerrouit and Celestine Nnagboa

Affiliation: Institute of Mathematical Sciences, Faculty of Engineering and Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0010937800003182

Proceedings of CSEDU 2022, ISBN: 978-989-758-562-3

Quick Abstract

The increasingly high number of students’ enrolment has necessitated the recent attention on the use of computer-based assessment systems for feedback delivery to students for mathematical learning, such as Numbas. However, little is known about the affordances of Numbas in the research literature. The purpose of this study is to investigate the affordances of Numbas, their perception and actualization by students and teachers, and their effects on mathematical learning from an activity and affordance theory perspective. The study follows a qualitative research design using semi-structured interviews of six students and two teachers. The results reveal the perception and actualization of several affordances at the technological, mathematical, and pedagogical level. Conclusions and future work are drawn from the results to promote Numbas formative feedback for teaching and learning mathematics.

Interpretability in Word Sense Disambiguation using Tsetlin Machine

Topics: Natural Language Processing; Machine Learning; Explainable Artificial Intelligence

Authors: Rohan Yadav , Lei Jiao , Ole-Christoffer Granmo and Morten Goodwin

Affiliation: Centre for Artificial Intelligence Research, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0010382104020409

Proceedings of ICAART 2021, ISBN: 978-989-758-484-8

Quick Abstract

Word Sense Disambiguation (WSD) is a longstanding unresolved task in Natural Language Processing. The challenge lies in the fact that words with the same spelling can have completely different senses, sometimes depending on subtle characteristics of the context. A weakness of the state-of-the-art supervised models, however, is that it can be difficult to interpret them, making it harder to check if they capture senses accurately or not. In this paper, we introduce a novel Tsetlin Machine (TM) based supervised model that distinguishes word senses by means of conjunctive clauses. The clauses are formulated based on contextual cues, represented in propositional logic. Our experiments on CoarseWSD-balanced dataset indicate that the learned word senses can be relatively effortlessly interpreted by analyzing the converged model of the TM. Additionally, the classification accuracy is higher than that of FastText-Base and similar to that of FastText-CommonCrawl.

Measuring the Novelty of Natural Language Text using the Conjunctive Clauses of a Tsetlin Machine Text Classifier

Topics: Neural Networks; Natural Language Processing; Machine Learning; Explainable Artificial Intelligence

Authors: Bimal Bhattarai , Ole-Christoffer Granmo and Lei Jiao

Affiliation: Department of Information and Communication Technology, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0010382204100417

Proceedings of ICAART 2021, ISBN: 978-989-758-484-8

Quick Abstract

Most supervised text classification approaches assume a closed world, counting on all classes being present in the data at training time. This assumption can lead to unpredictable behaviour during operation, whenever novel, previously unseen, classes appear. Although deep learning-based methods have recently been used for novelty detection, they are challenging to interpret due to their black-box nature. This paper addresses interpretable open-world text classification, where the trained classifier must deal with novel classes during operation. To this end, we extend the recently introduced Tsetlin machine (TM) with a novelty scoring mechanism. The mechanism uses the conjunctive clauses of the TM to measure to what degree a text matches the classes covered by the training data. We demonstrate that the clauses provide a succinct interpretable description of known topics, and that our scoring mechanism makes it possible to discern novel topics from the known ones. Empirically, our TM-based approach outperforms seven other novelty detection schemes on three out of five datasets, and performs second and third best on the remaining, with the added benefit of an interpretable propositional logic-based representation.

Real Models are Really on M0 - Or How to Make Programmers Use Modeling

Topics: General-Purpose Modeling Languages and Standards; Meta-Modeling: Foundations and Tools; Systems Engineering; Executable UML

Authors: Joachim Fischer ¹ , Birger Møller-Pedersen ² and Andreas Prinz ³

Affiliations: ¹ Department of Computer Science, Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany , ² Department of Informatics, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway , ³ Department of ICT, University of Agder, Grimstad, Norway

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0008928403070318

Proceedings of MODELSWARD 2020, ISBN: 978-989-758-400-8

Quick Abstract

This paper discusses the term ’model’ and the role of the level M0 in the four-layer metamodeling architecture of MOF/OMG. It illustrates the failures of the OMG MOF standard and how a model is an abstraction, not a description. We apply two simple approaches: (1) observing the use of models (of real or planned systems) in system development, including prototyping, simulations, and models in general, and (2) comparing modeling with programming. These approaches lead to the conclusion that models should be placed on M0, while UML models are model descriptions. This conclusion leads to a better understanding of InstanceSpecification for description of snapshots, and of metamodeling applied to ontologies.

Using Affordances and Constraints to Evaluate the Use of a Formative e-Assessment System in Mathematics Education

Topics: Intelligent Tutoring Systems; Active Learning; Tools to Assess Learning

Author: Said Hadjerrouit

Affiliation: Institute of Mathematical Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand, Norway

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0009352503660373

Proceedings of CSEDU 2020, ISBN: 978-989-758-417-6

Quick Abstract

e-Assessment systems provide affordances for learning mathematics by means of formative feedback. However, there is a lack of research on affordances of e-assessment systems, and work remains to be done before evaluating their effect on mathematical learning. This paper uses the e-assessment system Numbas and proposes a framework to capture the affordances and constraints of the system at the technological, student, classroom, mathematics subject, and assessment level. The aim of the paper is to explore affordances and constraints that emerge at these levels, and the effect of formative feedback on mathematical learning. Based on the results, some concluding remarks and recommendations for future work are proposed.

How to Bootstrap a Language Workbench

Topics: Domain-Specific Modeling; Syntax and Semantics of Modeling Languages; Meta-Modeling: Foundations and Tools

Authors: Andreas Prinz ¹ and Alexander Shatalin ²

Affiliations: ¹ University of Agder, Department of ICT, Agder and Norway , ² JetBrains, Prague and Czech Republic

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0007398203470354

Proceedings of MODELSWARD 2019, ISBN: 978-989-758-358-2

Quick Abstract

Language workbenches are designed to enable the definition of languages using appropriate meta-languages. This makes it feasible to define the environments by themselves, as the meta-languages are also just languages. This approach of defining an environment using itself is called bootstrapping. Often, such bootstrapping is difficult to achieve and has to be built deeply into the environment. The platform Meta-Programming System (MPS) has used bootstrapping for its own definition. In a similar way, the environment LanguageLab is using bootstrapping for its definition. This paper reports the implementation of LanguageLab in MPS thereby also porting the bootstrapping. From the experiences general requirements for bootstrapping language workbenches are derived.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (8)

Domain-Specific Modeling and Domain-Specific Languages	Model-Driven Software Development	Software Engineering
Languages, Tools and Architectures	Models	Syntax and Semantics of Modeling Languages
MetaModeling	Paradigm Trends

Investigating the Affordances and Constraints of SimReal for Mathematical Learning: A Case Study in Teacher Education

Topics: Active Learning; Game-Based and Simulation-Based Learning; Virtual and Augmented Learning Environments

Author: Said Hadjerrouit

Affiliation: Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Agder, Kristiansand and Norway

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0007588100270037

Proceedings of CSEDU 2019, ISBN: 978-989-758-367-4

Quick Abstract

Visualizations tools are one of the most innovative technologies that emerged the last few years in educational settings. They provide new potentialities for mathematical learning by means of dynamic animations and representations, interactive simulations, and live streaming of lessons. Moreover, visualization tools have the potential to foster a visual, dynamic, distributed, and embodied mathematics rather than individual achievements and static representations. This paper uses the visualization tool SimReal in teacher education to explore the affordances of the tool for learning mathematics. It proposes a framework that captures the affordances of SimReal at a technological, pedagogical, and socio-cultural level. The aim of the article is to investigate the extent to which SimReal afford students’ mathematical learning in teacher education. Based on the results, recommendations for future work are proposed.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (7)

Active Learning	Game-Based and Simulation-Based Learning	Pattern Recognition
Computer-Supported Education	Learning/Teaching Methodologies and Assessment	Theory and Methods
e-Learning

Intrusion Detection System Test Framework for SCADA Systems

Topics: Intrusion Detection and Response; Security Frameworks, Architectures and Protocols; Security Architecture and Design Analysis; Security; Security Awareness and Education

Authors: Henrik Waagsnes and Nils Ulltveit-Moe

Affiliation: University of Agder, Norway

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0006588202750285

Proceedings of ICISSP 2018, ISBN: 978-989-758-282-0

Quick Abstract

This paper presents a SCADA intrusion detection system test framework that simulates SCADA traffic and detects malicious network activity. The framework combines several existing components such as Kali Linux, Conpot, QTester104 and OpenMUC in a virtual machine based framework to provide realistic SCADA traffic. It is agnostic to Intrusion Detection System (IDS) type, and is demonstrated in a case study comparing two popular signature-based IDS engines: Suricata and Snort. The IDS engines include rule-sets for the IEC 60870-5-104 and other SCADA protocols. Detected events from IDS sensors are sent to a distributed Elastic cluster which visualises them using Kibana dashboards. The experiments show that there is some difference in behaviour between Suricata and Snort’s ability to detect malicious traffic using the same SCADA ruleset, but these issues are relatively easy to mitigate. The IDS test framework also measures the latency from detection and until the IDS alerts are presented in the incident management system, which shows that Suricata has slightly better performance than Snort.

Related Ontology Subjects/Areas/Topics (9)

Computer-Supported Education	Information Technologies Supporting Learning	Security
Enterprise Information Systems	Internet Technology	Security and Privacy
Information Systems Analysis and Specification	Intrusion Detection and Response	Web Information Systems and Technologies

SAFEPASS - Presenting a Convenient, Portable and Secure Password Manager

Topics: Security Frameworks, Architectures and Protocols; Cryptographic Algorithms; Web Applications and Services; Authentication, Privacy and Security Models; Data and Software Security

Authors: Onur Hakbilen , Piraveen Perinparajan , Michael Eikeland and Nils Ulltveit-Moe

Affiliation: University of Agder, Norway

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0006603102920303

Proceedings of ICISSP 2018, ISBN: 978-989-758-282-0

Quick Abstract

SAFEPASS is a password manager implemented as a self-contained application, developed with principles and ideas based on industry best practices and analysis of existing popular password managers. All password managers try to solve the same problem of avoiding bad passwords and poor user habits when managing passwords. Security measures are from a high-level perspective similar across competing products, however, each of them have some deficiencies, although typically not the same. SAFEPASS aims at being an all-around good password manager for all purposes that avoid these deficiencies. It is based on modern technologies from the JavaScript and .NET ecosystem including React, Xamarin, and ASP.NET Core. By using the Flux architecture, SAFEPASS gives the average user ability to tweak most of its core functionality while staying within recommended security margins. Advanced users are also given room for customization through more technical security options. SAFEPASS does, in particular, have a focus on security, portability, convenience and good design.

Towards Risk-aware Access Control Framework for Healthcare Information Sharing

Topics: Risk and Reputation Management; Access and Usage Control

Authors: Mohamed Abomhara , Geir M. Køien , Vladimir A. Oleshchuk and Mohamed Hamid

Affiliation: University of Agder, Norway

Digital Object Identifier: 10.5220/0006608103120321

Proceedings of ICISSP 2018, ISBN: 978-989-758-282-0

Quick Abstract

Access control models play an important role in the response to insider threats such as misuse and unauthorized disclosure of the electronic health records (EHRs). In our previous work in the area of access control, we proposed a work-based access control (WBAC) model that strikes a balance between collaboration and safeguarding sensitive patient information. In this study, we propose a framework for risk assessment that extend the WBAC model by incorporating a risk assessment process, and the trust the system has on its users. Our framework determines the risk associated with access requests (user’s trust level and requested object’s security level) and weighting such risk against the risk appetite and risk threshold of situational conditions. Specifically, an access request will be permitted if the risk threshold outweighs the risk of granting access to information, otherwise it will be denied.

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