Design of Internet Electrical Power Usage Metering System Based on

ESP32s Mcu and Mysql Database with User Interface Application

Andy Suryowinoto

, Teguh Herlambang

, Fahmi Jidan Mediansyah Fasla

and Hery Irawan

Electrical Engineering Department,

Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya,

Arif Rahman Hakim Street, Surabaya, Indonesia

Universitas Nahdlatul Ulama Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

Mechanical Engineering Department, Institut Teknologi Adhi Tama Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia

Keywords: kWh Meter, Database MySQL, VB.NET, Internet of Things (IoT), Monitoring.

Abstract: This research concerned with the problem of high payment of electric power consumption for households

increasing to 12.6%. Normal price in August 2021 reached IDR 286,000 for consuming 1 TV, 2 fan, and 10

lamps. In September 2021, it increased to IDR 322,000 within the same electric power consumption as in

August 2020. Therefore, the researcher designed the monitoring system using kWh meter by implementing

the principles of Internet of Things (IoT) in the feature of MySQL database web server. The method use in

this research is engineering research, which tested several samples through observation method upon the

system of electric power consumption by employing kWh meter. The research results were divided in 2

categories during 7 days of trial to 2 users. Furthermore, the monitoring processes were classified in two

categories i.e. rush hour or night and non- rush hour or morning. The average inaccuracy of the current sensor

after testing and calibration is 0.31% for the ACS712ELCTR-5A-T current sensor and 0.0017% for the

ZMPT101B voltage sensor. Conclusion of this research that the data delivery to the web server database was

successful without any number differences send by microcontroller and UI VB.NET, meaning that it could

accumulate the kWh value.

1 INTRODUCTION

The use of electrical energy has become one of the

main needs for human life as one of the efforts of the

economic concept of capital to calculate the use of

electrical energy. Today a lot of equipment that has

been created uses and also depends on electrical

energy sources. To measure the use of electrical

energy using a device called the Kilo Watt hour-meter

(kWh-meter).

The use of electrical energy has become one of the

main needs for human life as one of the efforts of the

economic concept of capital to calculate the use of

electrical energy (Pujiharsono et al., 2015) Today a

lot of equipment namely, by using the kWh-meter

reading and converting it into a digital image that can

be read and sent. on (Lestari et al., 2021) Today a lot

of equipment that has been created uses and also

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0709-4076

https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-5104

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2979-9277

depends on electrical energy sources. To measure the

use of electrical energy using a device called the Kilo

Watt hour-meter (kWh-meter).

Therefore, this study aims to design a building, a

system for using electric power for homes, based on

internet protocol using web hosting as a means of

storing data from sensor readings, onto a server with

a MySQL database. a kWh meter equipped with

current and voltage sensors as input data which will

be displayed in the monitoring process in reading the

value of electric power consumption. How this kWh

meter works can determine the consumption input of

the household's electricity usage, with the hope of

knowing an efficient way of using this electricity with

a warning. Current and voltage sensor readings will

be converted into power units (Watts), and the results

will be uploaded to [3] web hosting protocol into

the MySQL database web server. Apart from

converting energy values, on Visual programming.

260

Suryowinoto, A., Herlambang, T., Fasla, F. and Irawan, H.

Design of Internet Electrical Power Usage Metering System Based on ESP32s Mcu and Mysql Database with User Interface Application.

DOI: 10.5220/0012108700003680

In Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology (ICATECH 2023), pages 260-264

ISBN: 978-989-758-663-7; ISSN: 2975-948X

 2023 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. Under CC license (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0)

Where later it will also be converted into the price

per kWh into the nominal form of IDR (Rp.). The

average value of electricity usage per day will be

recorded and stored in the MySQL database for

estimation(Herlambang et al., 2022) use of electrical

energy. After achieving data collection for 30 days (1

month), the next step is to recapitulate electricity

usage, all averaged into prices for usage each month,

so that with the aim of users can save and estimate the

use of electrical energy at home.

2 LITERATE REVIEW

2.1 Energy Usage Measurement

Study (Shu et al., 2007)A kilo Watt Hour (kWh)

meter is a tool for measuring active energy that uses

a counter and uses the principle of magnetic induction

according to (Khawas & Shah, 2018) that alternating

current is used, and if there is self-induction in the

circuit, the energy given to the circuit cannot be

measured by observing the deflections on a voltmeter

and an ammeter and measuring the intervals of time

with a watch and multiplying of these values together,

the following equation can be used(Ricks, G.W.D.

(March 1896). “Electricity Supply Meters”. Journal

of the Institution of Electrical Engineers 25 (120):

57–77. - Google Search, n.d.)).

𝑉



𝐶 𝑑𝑡





(1)

where, V being considered as being constant, the

meter needs then only C measure with units coulomb-

meter. And t is time measured interval.

2.2 Convert kWh to Nominal

Electrical energy generates power, and from the

power generated it can power equipment to

facilitate human work which has the active power

formula [W] defined as follows (Shenbagalakshmi

& Jaya, 2020):

𝑃 = 𝑉. 𝐼. 𝐶𝑜𝑠∅ (2)

The formula for energy use (kWh) in electricity

tariffs in a day is obtained from the following

calculation:

𝑒𝑛𝑒𝑟𝑔𝑦 =





(3)

Where, P is the total power consumption used in

(Watts), while the constant 1000 is a constant used to

convert(Shenbagalakshmi & Jaya, 2020) from

Watt/hour units to kiloWatt/hour units. Calculation of

the fee paid to estimate the amount of energy used

(kWh) used in IDR (Rupiah) nominal units, where the

calculation will be cumulative with the use of

electrical energy for 1 month or 30 days. Using the

basic electricity tariff of IDR. 1444.70 per kWh, for

the tariff for class R-1/TR residential houses, then to

calculate the range of energy use against the basic

electricity tariff that applies is in equation 4 as

follows.

𝐸𝑙𝑒𝑐𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑖𝑡𝑦 𝑏𝑖𝑙𝑙 =

𝑚𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑢𝑟𝑒𝑑 𝑘𝑊ℎ 𝑥 𝐼𝐷𝑅. 1444,70 (4)

2.3 Data Storage

In the cumulative data used, of course, data storage is

needed, where the database is obtained from

measurements from modules that have been designed

by researchers, installed in residential homes, and

sent using wireless transmission with internet

protocols, arranged into several categories or groups

of data types in one tabular form. or entities. Using a

MySQL database is a database server that is freeware.

3 METHOD

For the mutual benefit and protection of Authors and

Publishers, it is necessary that Authors provide

formal written Consent to Publish and Transfer of

Consent ensures that the publisher has the Author’s

authorization to publish the Contribution.

The copyright form is located on the authors’

reserved area.

The form should be completed and signed by one

author on behalf of all the other authors.

3.1 Internet of Things System Design

Each system has a relationship between the input and

output that will be given from the workings of the

system. The block diagram is one form of how the

system will work with the conditions to achieve the

intended goals. The following is a block diagram of

the system of the Internet of Things (IoT)-based

Electric Power Usage Monitoring System.

3.2 Work System Design

This section will explain the software diagram blog

and system flowcharts. The following is an

explanation of the Software Block Diagram as well as

Design of Internet Electrical Power Usage Metering System Based on ESP32s Mcu and Mysql Database with User Interface Application

261

the overall system flowchart which can be seen in the

following figure:

Figure 1: Hardware Block Diagram

Figure 2: Overall Work System Flowchart

In Figure 2.a it can be explained that the

connectivity between all the software, where in the

PHP programming to connect to the database and

contains the GET or POST sending methods that

will be used by the Arduino IDE programming.

After the Arduino programming is connected to

PHP, it then sends a series of reading data to be

stored in the MySQL database, provided that it is

sent to the microcontroller connected to Wi-Fi.

Furthermore, the monitoring process is carried out

by connecting to Wi-Fi on the monitor/PC so that it

can display data into the user interface that has been

made. In the VB.NET user interface, it will display

data per day or month according to the time and year

that has been determined. And lso, this UI will

convert kWh values into IDR values and upload IDR

values as bills for a month.

The workings of this system are active

microcontroller initialization, the sensor will

automatically take and send data to the

microcontroller to be processed through a calibrated

formula and conversion from the ADC, then the data

will be sent to the entry cloud web server which will

be authenticated by the MySQL database server via

the link instruction provided. programmed on the

ESP32 microcontroller. During the process of sending

data to the database in 10-minute intervals 1 data is

complete then the data will be collected into the

MySQL database server. If authentication is still

incomplete or not running, it must be re-authenticated

so that the data can be stored on the database server.

Furthermore, these data will be recorded and

processed to upload a billing list to the MySQL

database server.

3.3 Result and Discussion

3.3.1 Test Results Data 1 (on User 1)

This user has retrieved electrical power

measurement data in June from which is

automatically inputted into the tables in the user

database, namely dB_monitoring user1 which has

been changed to the following graphic image.

Figure 3: User 1 Data Graph.

Figure 4: Monitoring Data Conversion to kWh User 1.

In Figure 3.a is a graph of the results of the

monitoring process originating from sending the

microcontroller to the MySQL database which is

displayed on the VB.Net user interface. The sending

process from the NodeMCU-32S Microcontroller is

to send data at intervals of 10 minutes per 1 data

taken starting from 06.00 AM – 16.00 PM for 7

days, namely June namely June 13 – June 19, 2021.

From this graph it can be seen that the highest

power usage when using all equipment load of 2.21

A so that the kWh found also follows the increase.

ICATECH 2023 - International Conference on Advanced Engineering and Technology

262

The surge in current is due to the load of the iron

being too large, if the load of the iron is removed

from the normal use switch 5 loads The light and fan

only reach 0.7 A. the use of iron loads is used

significantly every 12 noon to 13 noon. In Figure 3.b

is a graph of the average hourly conversion on a

daily basis from the test results of Figure 3.b. This

conversion is to determine the average of the voltage

value, current value, and kWh power usage every

hour using the formula kWh = (6 kW data added / 6

data).

3.3.2 Test Results Data 2 (on User 2)

This user has retrieved electric power measurement

data in July from which is automatically inputted

into the tables in the user database, namely

dB_monitoring user2 which is changed to the

following graphic image.

Figure 5: User 2 Data Graph

Figure 6: Monitoring Data Conversion to kWh User 1

In Figure 4.a is a graph of the results of the

monitoring process originating from sending the

microcontroller to the MySQL database which is

displayed on the VB.Net user interface. The sending

process from the NodeMCU-32S Microcontroller is

to send data at intervals of 10 minutes per 1 data

taken from 06.00AM – 16.00 PM for 7 days, namely

June 21 – June 27, 2021. The highest power usage

when using all equipment loads is 2.11 Amp so that

the kWh found also follows an increase. The surge

in current is due to the load of the iron being too

large, if the load of the iron is removed from the

normal use switch 4 loads The light and fan only

reach 0.6 A.

sing the formula kWh = (6 kW data added

up / 6 data).

3.3.3 Test Results of Average Power Usage

Comparison Between 2 Users

The comparison of electric power usage between the

2 users of this monitoring system is by taking a

sampling of test data at certain hours, namely at

09.00 AM–13.00 PM.

Figure 7: Graph of Average Comparison of 2 Users.

In Figure 5 is data taken from a table in the

database, which is named tb kwh per hours, from the

author's observations it can be concluded that during

peak hours the two users can be compared, the first

user has the highest peak current at 2, 21 Amp, while

the second user is only 2.08 Amp and the use of

electric power used is more dominant in the use of

electrical equipment within 5 days of data

collection, it can be seen that there are only 5 surges

in the current load. After reaching 5 days, it can be

concluded that the last 2 days the load of the

equipment used by the two users of the monitoring

system only used normal equipment, because there

was no significant current spike between the two

users in the last 2 days of data collection.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the research data, it can be concluded that

this system can work well. This web-based

monitoring system for kWh meters uses the

NodeMCU-32S microcontroller with 2 voltage

sensors (ZMPT101B) and current sensors

(ACS712ELCTR-5A-T) to process kWh values by

accumulating them into the active power formula,

namely from the data of the two sensors. From the

results of research through testing this monitoring

system with the UI that has been made to be able to

Design of Internet Electrical Power Usage Metering System Based on ESP32s Mcu and Mysql Database with User Interface Application

263

process the entire implementation of Internet Of

Things (IoT)-based data transmission correctly in

retrieving monitoring data on electric power usage

(kWh) for 7 days in June 2021 for 2 service users

Monitoring system with user 1 has a bill of IDR.

15,121,674 and user 2 has a bill of IDR. 16390,121.

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