Design and Construction of Pedestrian Pathway on Tourism Area

Based on Local Wisdom Approach

Febriane Paulina Makalew

, Mycle Marcellino Walla

, Beldy Aritona Tombeg

and Rudolf Estefanus Golioth Mait

Manado State Polytechnic, Department of Civil Engineering, Polytechnic Campus Street, Manado, Indonesia

Keywords: Pedestrian Pathway, Tourism, Design, Construction.

Abstract: The Pedestrian pathway in the public area needs to be designed and constructed for comfort and easily

accessible. In the tourist attraction areas, pedestrian access is to the facility available as well as the tourism

spot areas. Tourism spot areas can be classified as nature tourism and the man-made built environment. The

nature of the area needs to be considered to achieve a pedestrian pathway with good quality material and

design. This research is aim to identify the design and construction of pedestrian pathways in tourist areas.

The method used is a survey and computer laboratory design approach. The result shows that pedestrian

pathways for tourist areas need to consider material, culture, local wisdom, and environmental impact. This

research is aim to identify and propose a design and construction system for pedestrian pathways in tourist

areas. The method used surveys on potential tourism areas and design tests on computer laboratories using

AutoCAD as a design program. For further research is suggested to test material in the laboratory for the

preparation of a prototype of the pedestrian pathway in the tourism area. Research needs to develop the system

based on the charateristics, types, and natural resources.

1 INTRODUCTION

Tourism areas need facilities and infrastructure which

provide easy access for the visitor to do their activities

and enjoy tourist objects available. Four guides of

tourism are including accessibility, attraction,

amenities, and ancillary. Accessibility is including

access to the area and access to and from the area

surrounding.

Accessibility is important for tourist areas that

support activities along different tourist spots. Good

planning helps the user of the area in visiting potential

tourist location and their facilities. Tourism areas are

varied in terms of natural characteristics such as

mountain and beach areas. Access to places with

nature challenges needs to be safe, comfortable, and

environment-friendly. Pedestrian pathways in these

areas need to be designed and constructed considering

the impact on the existing environment.

Pedestrian pathway with local wisdom concept

has not optimally implemented in the study area of

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3625-3996

https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1287-2570

https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2726-6488

the tourist destination. Environment degradation and

overland capacity have interrupted the ecosystem and

its natural area. Local wisdom considers local culture

which protects its environment, rule, and local design

and construction. The culture of Minahasa, in general,

has its local characteristic related to coconut wood,

local stone, and other local material, design and local

construction systems to be implemented in the

pedestrian pathways. The nature of the tourist area

Product of Coconut and its families such as coconut

wood, coconut fibers, and composite material with

coconut as based material has natural characteristic

and therefore need to be treated with adequate design

and construction technology. Moreover, the

development of local materials including coconut and

its product and other natural material support the

potential local resources and local wisdom. The

nature of local material needs to consider its natural

quality.

Makalew, F., Walla, M., Tombeg, B. and Mait, R.

Design and Construction of Pedestrian Pathway on Tourism Area Based on Local Wisdom Approach.

DOI: 10.5220/0011820100003575

In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science (iCAST-ES 2022), pages 553-560

ISBN: 978-989-758-619-4; ISSN: 2975-8246

553

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

Access to the facility in the public area needs to

consider movement patterns and easy access.

Pedestrian movement, available space, and facilities

with a large number of pedestrians need to be

included in the planning of an area (Makalew et al

2017, 2018, 2019, Makalew 2020).

For tourism areas, facilities needed in the

pedestrian pathway along the beach area are

functioning as access for jogging, biking, and safety

(Salain et al, 2015). Planning for the pedestrian in a

tourism area includes a vision plan, concept design,

route concept, and improvement of the tourism

potential object of the area (ibid). Accessibility to the

obstacle is due to unconnected tourism objects and

pedestrian circulation (Sinurat et al, 2019). Planning

of beach area with integrated pedestrian pathway

creates easy access for tourists (ibid).

Design coconut wood for building on a small scale

consider the treatment for coconut wood and railing

design model based on the development model used

according to the survey (Makalew et al 2015). The

example of railing design is including cross railing,

perpendicular railing, combine of cross railing and

coconut wood board, combine of perpendicular

railing and coconut wood board, and a combination

of those three types (Makalew et al, 2015). The

production process in material coconut wood

selection, model to finishing is to avoid bad product

choices.

Coconut wood used for a public building in

Manado and its surrounding area show the weakness

of wood such as crack and space between join whilst

the advantages is the texture and color are attractive

(Makalew et al, 2015). The use of coconut wood for

Minahasa traditional houses based on laboratory test

results with SNI 03-3527-1994, the strength of

coconut wood can be used for wood construction with

load and non-structural construction as temporary

building (Rumbayan et al, 2019).

Research related to coconut wood as the material

for construction deals with the development of design

gazebos (Makalew 2015, 2020, 2021), characteristics

of coconut wood (Runtunuwu et al, 2015), and

traditional houses with coconut wood as building

material (Rumbayan et al 2019, Makalew et al 2020)

and shelter for pedestrian with material composite

coconut wood.

Concerning local wisdom, the cultural value of

North Sulawesi Sitou Tumou Tumou Tou with the

meaning of human life is to humanize other humans,

Mapalus or Working together and Torang samua

basudara or we all family create community with the

value of tolerance (Pangalila et al, 2020). In terms of

building construction, local wisdom in building a

traditional Minahasa house is through a traditional

ceremony led by Walian a community idol, with the

help of the community (Gosal, 2012).

There is a need for easy, comfortable, and safe

access for visitors in tourist areas to use it. The

research on the pedestrian pathways in tourism areas

also can use local materials in construction systems,

and implement the value of method used for this

research are including a survey on the area with

destinations for visitors in the tourism areas.

3 METHOD

For The method uses for this research are including a

survey on the area with destinations for visitors in the

tourism areas. Selected areas are including water

areas such as beaches and waterfront areas as well as

the area near mountains with different levels of

contour. Identifying the design concept and

construction system on the pedestrian pathways in

tourist areas can help in preparing a proposed plan for

accessibility and circulation in tourist destinations.

Though available in tourism areas in selected

places including in North Sulawesi, Central Sulawesi

and Java, the pedestrian pathway is listed in several

types based on design and construction system. The

survey is conducted to evaluate the existing design

and construction of pedestrian pathways in terms of

material use, design concept, and construction.

Data on the design and construction system of the

pedestrian pathway in tourist areas are identified in

terms of their characteristics and obstacle during the

period visitors use them. The design and construction

are drawn using the drawing program AutoCAD to

create types of a pedestrian pathways based on the

floor plan, front elevation, and side elevation. The

detail of the material and concept are described

through the drawing result. The proposed plan and

design for pedestrian pathways in the tourism area are

drawn with descriptions of the potential location of

tourist spots.

The study area for evaluating the design and

construction system of the tourism area is Kaki Dian

or Candle Foot in North Minahasa, North Sulawesi.

The location can be seen in Figure 1.

iCAST-ES 2022 - International Conference on Applied Science and Technology on Engineering Science

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Figure 1: Map of Kaki Dian North Minahasa (Google Map,

2022).

4 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

In planning the design and construction of the

pedestrian pathway, the main consideration is

understanding the natural characteristic of the

pathway in the tourist area. Based on literature

studies, the characteristic of the pedestrian pathway

can be seen in table 1.

Table 1: The characteristic of the pedestrian pathway in the

tourist area.

Characteristic Source

Access (Salain et al, 2015).

Sinurat et al, 2019).

(Makalew et al 2017, 2018,

2019, Makalew 2020).

Norafendi et al (2020)

For jogging, biking (Salain et al, 2015).

safety (Salain et al, 2015).

vision plan, concept

design, route concept

(Salain et al, 2015).

Access to tourism

object/potential object

(Sinurat et al, 2019). (Salain

et al, 2015).

pedestrian

circulation/movement

(Sinurat et al, 2019).

(Makalew et al 2017, 2018,

2019, Makalew 2020).

An integrated pedestrian

athway easy access

(Sinurat et al, 2019).

Available space and

facility

(Makalew et al 2017, 2018,

2019, Makalew 2020).

pedestrian preferences,

paths, trajectories, and

orientation

Asriana (2021)

Good surface condition

Encroachmen

-free

Das, Priyanka and Maitra,

Swati (2021),

Security CCTV camera,

Safety crossing facility

Das, Priyanka and Maitra,

Swati (2021),

designated walkways

Barrier-free facility

Traffic calm

Das, Priyanka and Maitra,

Swati (2021),

Connectivity

continuity

Norafendi et al (2020)

Tourism destinations are varied based on location,

type of attraction, and nature available. Examples of

the pedestrian pathways in tourism areas based on a

survey in many places can be classified including a

pathway in mountain areas, pathways in beach areas,

and pathways in urban areas. The types of pathway

areas include pathways on the ground and pathways

in the water area. The different types of pathways and

Evaluations for example the pedestrian pathways on

beaches and waterfront areas can be seen in Table 2.

Table 2: The design and construction of pedestrian pathway

in the water area.

Picture Design and construction

Private port Wori

Access to a water area

surrounded by mangroves

is set from the main

building to entertain and a

small port at the end part.

The color is blue paint

along the pathway with the

pattern of the water wave

on the beach. The lamp is

available. Material use is

concrete for foundation,

column, and floor.

Pedestrian bridge on top of

the water pond.

Kinunang Beach

Marinsow

Nature beach access from

the public facility to the

beach. No man-made in the

beach area. The pathway is

nature beach sand and

ground soil. The area is wet

during the rainy season

Casabaio Hotel

Access to the area for

special occasions and

public areas on top of the

beach. Pathway

construction Material from

concrete for the column as

the foundation to the water

and steel for the railing

Floating Market

Bandung

Pedestrian bridge on top of

water pond. Natural color

brown from material

bamboo. for floor, column,

and railing. Access to the

area for special occasions

and public areas on top of

the beach.

Picture Design and construction

Design and Construction of Pedestrian Pathway on Tourism Area Based on Local Wisdom Approach

555

able 2: The design and construction of pedestrian pathwa

n the water area. (cont.)

Reconnect Island,

Central Sulawesi

Pathway design. Nature

beach color and material.

Access is set in the area

around the room for guests

and public facility

Material for the pathway is

made of beach sand and

stone for the boundary of

the pathway. Nature stone

for the dining area and

concrete for access from the

port to the beach

Table 3: The design and construction of pedestrian pathway

in the mountain area.

Picture Design and construction

Kaisanti Garden

Pathway design:

Adjust the nature land

contour

Construction:

Natural stone

Wood

Grass

Pelangi garden

Access from the

entrance to the public

facility including the

garden and sigh seeing

the area

Wood and bamboo for

pedestrian pathway

above ground

Grass and natural stone

for ground-level pathway

Lembang Farm Bandung

Design man-made

access along public

facilities and spots in the

tourist area

Construction made of

paving blocks from

different patterns

From the evaluation of the pedestrian pathways,

there is a need to construct the facility with materials

and design which protect the pedestrian and create a

comfortable area. The impact of salt water on

construction as well as mangrove area to be protected

is important to be considered in creating pedestrian

pathways areas on the waterfront areas.

Table 4: Design pedestrian pathway based on the survey.

Pedestrian

pathway type

Elevation and Plan

The elevated

pathway on the

river

The elevated

pathway on the

beach

The elevated

pathway on the

mangrove area

The ground

pathway on the

beach

The elevated

pathway on the

garden mountain

area

The elevated

pathway on the

mountain garden

area

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able 4: Design pedestrian pathway based on the survey.

(cont.)

Pedestrian

pathway type

Elevation and Plan

The ground

pathways in the

garden area

The ground

pathway on the

flat visitor area

The ground

pathway on the

flat visitor area

Evaluation of existing conditions in the case study

area shows the different types of design and

construction of pedestrian pathways. The

characteristic of the area is including contour land,

large rocks, large trees, and the potential view from

the top of the area. A landscape with a large area of

plants and trees produces a large number of dry leaves

which influence the surface condition of the

pedestrian pathways. The evaluation of the design

and construction system in the study area can be seen

in Table 5.

Table 5: Evaluation of design and construction system in

Kaki Dian area.

Location Evaluation of material

and design

Main street

Paving block on the

main street

Access to a higher level

Material ceramic on

stairs with moist

Not maintain well

stairs area

Easily slippery for

tourist

Location Evaluation of material

and design

The

pedestrian pathways from a

different facility

Different materials

ceramic and stone

The

pedestrian pathways from a

different facility

Different surface

treatments with grass

and stone

Entrance

Material Asphalt for

the main street in the

entrance area

No clear sign for the

entrance. The street

surface is uneven and

uncomfortable for

driving and walking

Access to facility

Material Ceramic

Not maintained well,

grass grow between

ceramic

The

pedestrian pathways from a

different facility

Different material

paving blocks and stone

The

pedestrian pathways from a

different facility

Different materials

concrete and stone

Design and Construction of Pedestrian Pathway on Tourism Area Based on Local Wisdom Approach

557

able 5: Evaluation of design and construction system in

aki Dian area. (cont.)

Location

Evaluation of material

and design

Pedestrian pathway

Material Concrete

Pedestrian pathway access

to higher location walking

track

Material concretes and

stone

Public facility shopping area

Material Wood for

access to the higher

location Damage wood

construction and needs

to be repaired

Public facility restaurant and

view seeing

Ceramic

Pedestrian pathway to view

seeing

Concrete panel

Restaurant and view seeing

area

Connection to different

material

Table 6: Types of the pedestrian pathways in the tourist

areas.

Type design and

construction

Location

Natural stone with cement

as joint

On the ground, the

mountain

Ceramic On the ground, the

mountain

Wood On the ground, the

mountain

Concrete no paint, grey Above the ground, the

beach

Concrete with colourful

paint

Above ground,

beach/mangrove area

Wood Above ground,

beach/mangrove area

The design proposed for pedestrian pathways in

the study area of tourism is described through concept

and drawing. Types of the pedestrian pathway,

circulation system on site, and alternative design and

construction are offered to improve the quality of

pedestrian facilities in the area.

The proposed circulation for the pedestrian in the

study area can be seen in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Proposed circulation Plan for pedestrian.

Figure 3: Proposed circulation section for pedestrian.

Access for the pedestrian in the study area

including access from the entrance and main street to

Main

Entranc

Main

Icon

Facility for

Sight seeing,

area

paragliding

Facility

for

Main

Entranc

Alternativ

Facility

for

edestria

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the main icon Candle foot and walking track on its

surroundings and access to the facility for spot

tourism sigh seeing and paragliding.

Table 7: Type of alternatives design and construction of

study area.

Section Design

Approach

Construction

Entrance Easily to be

seen,

name of the

place,

rich in texture

Gate made of

local material

Tourist

information

Attractive

Available sign

and route

The pathway at

the public

facility with

modern

materials and

local stone and

wood

Main icon The main area,

wide and or

multiple access

The pathway on

the ground

around the main

icon

Flat area Ground level

Safe surface for

walking. Easily

maintenance

Ground pathway

Contour area Follow contour

line

Less cut and fill

Easily flow

Elevated

pathway

Intersection

pathway

Different

designs from all

directions of the

pathway

Easily flow

from all

direction

Strong joint for

different material

Ground or

elevated

construction

Area

circulation

Concept of

nature eco-

tourism to and

from the major

spot

Pathway, route

sign

The design and construction system of the study

area is the tourism area with the characteristic of

mountains rich in the natural environment. The

concept design proposed is to provide access with

safety and comfortable concept and use local

material. The main consideration is the surface of the

pedestrian pathway should be rich in texture and

reduce the groundwork of cut and fill by providing a

ground pathway for the flat area and an elevated

pathway for the contour area. The use of potential

tourism spots including a walking track, main icon,

building for a meeting, sigh seeing area, and flying

sports area can improve the quality of the whole area.

5 CONCLUSIONS

Accessibility as the main consideration for pedestrian

pathways in tourism areas needs to be improved in the

study area of Kaki Dian North Minahasa. Through

study and proposed design concept and construction

system, the quality of the pathway can be improved.

Local material is highly recommended to protect the

environment which supports the local wisdom

concept. Potential tourism spot areas need to be

improved in terms of activity and design of the

pathway. Further research can develop the design and

construction system with varied approaches and

materials used.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

This research is funded by Manado State Polytechnic

Research Unit for Institution Task scheme 2020. the

research is a contribution to the government of North

Minahasa, North Sulawesi Province tourism board.

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