Kombur Jenaka Angkola-Mandailing (AM)

Rosmawati Harahap

Program Studi Pendidikan Bahasa Indonesia-Pascasarjana UMN Alwashliyah

Keywords: Kombur jenaka, Speech act, Implicate, Maxim, Humour, Anecdote.

Abstract: The topic is “Kombur Jenaka Angkola-Mandailing (AM)” mean text are kombur jenaka (comedy) of

Angkola-Mandailing (AM) community; is still needs to be clarified here because those are metaphorical and

ironic implications. Problem statement: (1) how is the kombur jenaka (comedy) formof traditional prose

(metaphorical) tipe? (2) how is the text of the kombur jenaka (comedy) form of anecdotal type? The

objective of this of this research is to describe of the kombur jenaka (comedy) form of traditional prose

(metaphorical) tipe; anecdotal type Angkola-Mandailing community owned in the period 2006-2011. The

research method is qualitative descriptive method with data collection that is observation, interview, and

dictation. Data is analysed by using the pragmatic and structural functional thematic approaches. Maxim

which are absorbed in the komburjenaka conversations consist of direct illocutionary acts, locutionary acts,

and perlocutionary acts, which are analysed pragmatically and semantically. Legend, humor, anecdotes and

puzzles are shaping of humorous comedy Angkola Mandailing community in the period 2006-

2011.Research findings reflected from the komburjenaka expressed by the informants are lingual texts

which implicate maxim representation (representative), maxim order (directives), maxim argument and

maxim imperative combined with paralingual elements. Traditional prose metaphorical and anecdotal are

local geneus; the kombur jenaka were dominant contemporary prose which carries the theme of dumb but

smart human characters.

1 INTRODUCTION

The comic-toned text of AngkolaMandailing

community needs to be explained so that readers

know the people of Angkola-Mandailing are often

mixed. Angkola-Mandailing ethnic people in the

Southern Tapanuli region are often seen as having

"bersendagurau". Nowdays it is rarely seen that such

a person is in a row. Indeed, people have considered

the bombardment or marvel as just talking to

Angkola Mandailing community. What the clause is,

it is possible that since there has been a tradition of

communicating through mobile phones then people

today consider the least importance of marking. This

is where it is time to know what type of

komburjenaka is the people of Angkola-Mandailing

ethnic who use informal gatherings. Which

komburjenaka is used by Angkola-Mandailing

ethnic people during the 2006-2011

period.According to the content of the oral tradition

study in the thesis by Harahap (2012). Shape

problem is a pragmatic communication theory issue

(Ibrahim, 1993), Grice (1975). Hasan (1988).

1.1 Research Problem

How is the comedy (kombur jenaka) formof

traditional prose (metaphorical) tipe? How is the text

of comedy (kombur jenaka) type of anecdotal type?

1.2 Research Objectives

The purpose of this study is to demonstrate the

anecdotes and anecdotes of Angkola-Mandailing

community. The objective of this of this research is

to describe of comedy (kombur jenaka) form of

traditional prose (metaphorical) tipe; anecdotal type

AM society owned in the period 2006-2011.

2 LITERATURE REVIEW

The theorists on the components contained in the

variables in this study are theories used in this study

are oral tradition theory and speech theory in thesis

(Harahap, 2012). The problem of 'bualan' is the issue

of communication theory based on pragmatic

Harahap, R.

Kombur Jenaka Angkola-Mandailing (AM).

DOI: 10.5220/0009905300002480

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development (ICNRSD 2018), pages 507-511

ISBN: 978-989-758-543-2

507

speech. By referring to Ibrahim (1993), Wijaya

(1995), Danandjaja (1986), Khairunnisa (2010),

Grice (1975). Hasan (1988). Hoedoro (1994),

Darminta, Sj. (2006). Keraf, Gorys. (1995). The

thesis of the determination of the form of kombur

jenaka AM was completely explained with the aid of

an analysis chart.

2.1 The Comedy Form of Traditional

Prose (Metaphorical) Tipe

Metaphor: example a figure of similarity, a word or

phrase is replaced

(http://int.search.myway.com/search/

GGmain.jhtml , acced 14’July 2018).

Traditional prose metaphorical and anecdotal are

local geneus. Metahorical prose and anecdotal were

oral tradition; some one and any one can present in

book story for young man or woman.

2.2 The Text of Comedy (Kombur

Jenaka) type of Anecdotal Type

Plotting of this sort has had a long stage tradition

and not exclusively in comedy. It is like traditional

prose in community.

The classic conception of comedy, which began

with Aristotle in ancient Greece of the 4th century

and persists through the present, holds that it is

primarily concerned with humans as social beings,

rather than as private persons, and that its function is

frankly corrective. The comic artist’s purpose is to

hold a mirror up to society to reflect its follies and

vices, in the hope that they will, as a result, be

mended. The 20th-century French philosopher Henri

Bergson shared this view of the corrective purpose

of laughter; specifically, he felt, laughter is intended

to bring the comic character back into conformity

with his society, whose logic and conventions he

abandons when “he slackens in the attention that is

due to life.”Here comedy is considered primarily as

a literary genre. The wellsprings of comedy are dealt

with in the article humour. The comic impulse in the

visual arts is discussed in the articles caricature and

cartoon and comic strip

(https://www.britannica.com/art/comedy, acced,

14’July 2018).

Kombur jenaka is varian with comedy, comic,

humour, joke, willy. All of them werethe comic

character back into conformity with his society,

whose logic and conventions he abandons. So, in

article, her was said the kombur jenaka Angkola-

Mandailing.

3 RESEARCH METHODS

The research method used is a descriptive qualitative

method that refers to Sudaryanto (1993) and

Sugiyono (2006), Darminta, Sj. (2006). These

experts have explained qualitative data collection

techniques by observation, interviews. While data

collection method dictation has been used for thesis

(Harahap, 2012). The research method is used

qualitative descriptive method with data collection

technique conducted by observation, interview, and

dictation (Harahap, 2012, Keraf (1995) that re, The

data is collected in the form of text in Angkola

Mandailing transcribed and translated. Its data

analysis is described as text and then analyzed with

the theory of oral pragmatic elements and then

estimates the results to informants and funny

theoretical books. All the data became joke-shaped

comics that were qualified into two categories of

form namely the anecdotal form and the form of

fairy tale. Analyzed with a pragmatic and semantic

structured and pragmatic thematic approach. The

data is obtained with assisted recordings as well as

recording the results of the informant dictation

without the tape recorder.

3.1 Research Steps

Researchers pay attention directly by engaging in

speech and listening. The researcher is an instrument

that transcribes, translates, describes and analyzes

and concludes the Angkola-Mandailing people:

comedy, joke, comics. Major informants are 10

adults who have lived in the Angkola-Mandailing.

4 DISCUSSION

The kombur jenaka Angkola-Mandailing (AM)

synonim with the joke comic text; there are still

needs to be explained because of its form and

meaningful phenomenon that corresponds to the oral

traditions of Angkola Mandailing. Harahap (2012)

finds some jokes (funny) texts. How is the

description of the cute text form that is inherited by

Angkola Mandailing? The issue requires an

explanation of the phenomenon of humorous

Angkola Mandailing citizens in a descriptive and

analytical manner. This issue will be explained as

Angkola Mandailing can present a joke comeback in

the form of oral / written contents of the story. The

shape, themes, and values of the jokes of Angkola

Mandailing people need to be explained so that the

ICNRSD 2018 - International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development

508



reader knows why Angkola Mandailing people are

funny.

The kombur jenaka of Angkola-Mandailing people

exists in both oral and written discourse which is an

element of humorous implications that can be

studied in the form or shape of the pattern.

(1) Joke Understanding for Angkola-Mandailing

people

The term joke is less popular for people in the

area of Angkola Mandailing. The term kombur

jenaka is joke means a kind of exotic speech

that is exempted as well.

(2) Comedy Understanding for Angkoa

Mandailing people.

Comedy terms are less popular for people in

Angkola Mandailing. The term comedy means

a kind of verbal traditions of intentional

traditions deliberately exhibited to its audience

or audiences.

(3) Anecdotes Understanding of AM people

The term anecdotal is less popular for people in

the area of Angkola Mandailing. The anecdotes

term is a kind of verbal traditions that are

intentionally delusional to the spectators or

audiences.

4.1 Cute Text Image Elements

Each funny text has a complete discourse (Wijaya,

1995). Thus the pragmatic theory is a tool for

dissecting the text to see the implicative element that

is the basis of its humorous layout. This implicative

element is a part of speech that is a verbal means in

communicative act. The formulation of funny forms

can be through verbal external elements. The verbal

and nonverbal form can be a verbal verbal idea. Joke

stories have shapes and shapes all over (shaping all

in and out). Its inner form is a linguistic element

(intralinguistic) and an extracurricular form that can

be described pragmatically. Joke story studies

evolve in an intrapuing and extralinguistic

explanation based on structural, pragmatic, and

semantic linguistic rules (Ibrahim, 1993).

Internally intrigically synonymous with

structural form, the contents of the kombur jenaka

story fairness in the mark has the explicit and

implicit meaning. Various aspects of the language

that imply the humorous aspect of the kombur

jenaka of Angkola-Mandailing can be semantic and

pragmatic as the implied meaning can be captured

by the gesture or pantoment aspects of the speakers.

The gesture aspect element or language behavioral

element that goes on in the markup is a pragmatic

element that shows the description of the life

activities of Angkola-Mandailing community. The

determination of the kombur jenaka discourse

contains humorous nature because the texts of the

kombur jenaka are analyzed with a pragmatic

approach which is sexually exchanged by Angkola-

Mandailing community. The assumption that the

contents of the kombur jenaka can exceed the

meaning of linguistics (words, phrases, clauses and

sentences, discources) that are structuralism. It is

chart below:

Figure 1: Shaping of The Kombur Jenaka Angkola-Mandailing.

Figure 1 Shaping of the kombur jenaka is the

lingual and paralingual elements of the intrinsic

structured, divine, teaching, economy, and moral

values of good and bad morality according to the

philosophical Angkola-Mandailing. The story has

been values (Frondizi,1963).

Examples: the theme of the kombur

jenakaAngkola-Mandailing that he can not die

because he was stressing of kiffarat for a person who

during his life was acting of gambling. A gambler

will be punished by God in a hard way to breathe.

This isa paralingual element; where he shows the

funny story. The sentence is implicate code like this

an ironic principle (Ibrahim, 1993). The process of

approaching a difficult death for a disobedient

person is to execute God's command that is prayer.

BENTUK

KOMBUR

JENAKA

Unsur:

LingualParaling

ual

Tema:agama

Nilai:

pengajaran

moral

menjalanihi

duptanpaju



Shaping

of

Comedy

Unsure:

LingualParal

ingual

Theme:

religion

Value:

moral

teaching

livewithout

gambling

Kombur Jenaka Angkola-Mandailing (AM)

509

Her headline data is in a sentence stating the

condition of the patient nodding her head when her

friend's card is shown to her. While he (the patient)

was taught to speak the two sentences of sahadat

through his eyes, after that his body was silent

(passed away). As soon as the Keling card was

shown to him then his eyes glided again as he

breathed his last by saying "Hus!" Itany implicit

erotic unsure (Darminta, 2006). The lucid element is

principally implicit and metaphorical. The "hus"

sound is the sound of a metaphoric cat casting on

Angkola-Mandailing language users. “Hus” is a

metaphoric lexem in the story of anecdote. The

metaphor: a figure of similarity, a word or phrase is

replaced by anecdote.

(http://int.search.myway.com/search/GGmain.jhtml?

n=the+comedy+form+of+traditional+prose+(metaph

orical)+tipe&si), acced 14’July 2018).

The value contained in this convention is the

value of moral or moral teaching of life. Everyone

should obey his religious teachings so that his life

and death will be happy and happy. The following

analysis containing a description that explains the

theme of the tactics found in the comedy of

Angkola-Mandailing. The number of tactic-themed

tales amounted to fifteen pieces. Here are some

examples.

4.2 The Kombur Jenaka Relates to

Classical Prose Contemporary and

Anecdotal

The kombur jenaka in the context of sociology are

involved in pragmatic use. Kombur jenaka Angkola

Mandailing comes in contact with linguistic

analysis, folklore analysis, and literary analysis.

Kombur jokes with classic and contemporary

humorous theories. Combat jokes in the context of

sociology are involved in pragmatic use. Combat

jokes in populer by Angkola–Mandailing people.

The kombur jenaka discourse contains humorous

nature because the texts of the anecdotal form. The

kombur jenaka can category in folklore and

traditional analysis. The Kombur jenaka of Angkola-

Mandailing comes in contact with linguistic

analysis, folklore analysis, and literary analysis.

Angkola-Mandailing community in the village use

the language of Angkola-Mandailing. They literate

users consciously or unconsciously. So, funny things

in classical and contemporary theories are based on

the analysis of the kombur jenaka of Angkola-

Mandailing (Harahap. 1999). Effective kombur

jenaka form is a narrative monologue, dialogue,

monologue mixture relayed (Ismed,2005). These

three forms are categorized into fairy tales,

anecdotes, and humor. The kombur jenakawere the

form of metaphorical speech principles; implications

princples, violations of speech principles, (ii) irony

principles, and (iii) paralingual elements of the body

language, storyline, and cultural aspects of Angkola-

Mandailing the form of metaphorical speech

principles Harahap, 1999). The three categories of

fun-filled categories kombur jenaka of Angkola-

Mandailing make up the theme and value content.

The themes contained in Angkola-Mandailing humor

are the themes of religion, family, romance,

business, work tactics, education. Values in kombur

jenaka are classified into the value of religious

teaching, moral teaching, ethical teaching,

continuous learning teaching, communication

teaching. Folklore analysis by conten. speech by

Danandjaja (1993). He was struggle to boilding and

humrous amusement.

He value contained is the value of moral teaching

for the audience to live without gambling. The

special value for the Angkola Mandailing

community is the value of the teachings of Islam to

obey God's commandments so that everyone does

not gamble. The ban on gambling applies

universally.

5 CONCLUSION

The findings of the study were native speakers of

AM jokes using predictive pragmatic language texts,

referral maxims, maximizing arguments, maxim

metaphor, and maxim paralingual. AM humorous

tradition is in humor, anecdotes, jokes, everyday

language comedy. Anecdotes, jokes, comedy are the

dominant contemporary forms of prose-themed

smart-fool. The smart-stupid character is a symbol

of an ironic situation and tactics gratifying the

sympathy of every partner of speech. Thus the

Angkola-Mandailing people like to draw their

opponent's sympathy by way of humorous jokes

'funny storytelling or jokes'. The mark intensity is

done with a joke, anecdote, metaphorical and

proverbial funny sayings. The paralingual

expressing was an ironic situation and tactics to be

successfull.

REFERENCES

Danandjaja, J., 1986. Follor Indonesia, Ilmu gosip,

dongeng, dan lain-lain.PustakaGrafiti.Jakarta.

ICNRSD 2018 - International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development

510



Frondizi, R., 1963. Translate: Cut Ananta Wijaya.

Pengntar filsafat nilai. Pustaka Pelajar. Yogyakarta.

Ghani, A., Zulkiple., 2004. Persoalan Nilai dalam

penyiaran dari perspektif Islam. The Malaysian

Journal Of Language And Communication. 1: 127-

144.Universiti Utara Malaysia.

Grice, K., 1975. Prinsip kerja sama dalam sebuah.

Interaksi.

http:webcache.googleusercontent.com;search?eryrong

go.wordpres.com>, diakses 10 September

2010.

Harahap, AB., 2007. Kamus modern bahasa Angkola

Mandailing. CV Yanis. Jakarta.

Hasan, AH., 1988. Analisis wacana pragmatik, Penerbit

IKIP Medan. Medan.

Halimah, BZ., 1998. Analisis tema dan perwatakan cerita

jenaka Melayu klasik. Dalam Jurnal “Deskription”

Pengajian Melayu”: hlm 70-91.

http://www.linkpdf.com/download/cerita-melayu-

klasik-pdf.

https://translate.google.co.id/?hl=id&tabTentangGoogle

terjemahan Komunitas Seluler, diakses 14 Juni 2018.

https://www.britannica.com/art/comedy, acced, 14’July

2018.

Hidayati., 2010. <http://www. eprints.undip.ac.id/5700/.

Sastra Indonesia deposited On: 26 Jan. 2010, 16:02 .

Halliday, MAK.,Ruqaiya, H., 1976. Cohesion in English.

Longman. Hoed.408.London.

Harahap, MD., 1986. Adat Istiadat Tapanuli Selatan.

Grafindo Utama. Jakarta:

Harahap, AB., 2007. Kamus modern bahasa Angkola

Mandailing. Forum Komunikasi Masyarakat Tapanuli

Selatan dan Mandailing Natal. Jakarta.

Hoedoro, B., 1994. Erotisme dalam bahasa dalam Lembar

Sastra Universitas Indonesia.Fakultas Sastra

Universitas Indonesia. Jakarta.

Harahap, N., 2006. Sastra lisan Angkola Mandailing,

USU. Medan.

Harahap.R., 1999.Endeungut-ungut Angkola Mandailing.

Kultura 2. UMN Al-Washliyah. Medan.

Harahap, Z., 2001. Buku pusaka warisan marga-marga

Tapanuli Selatan turun temurun hasayaniparadaton,

Padangsidempuan.

Haughes, J., 1990. The philosophy of social research.

Longman.Singapore.

Hawkins.,Joice, M., 2008. Kamus dwibahasa. Edisi

keempat. Oxford Fajar. Selangor.

http://etd.uum.edu.my/3395/diakses 14 Juli 2018.

Ismed, N., 2005.Konsep humor dalam sastra Melayu.

Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Bahasa dan Sastra Logat1(47-

49).USU Press.Medan.

Ibrahim, AS., 1993. Kajiantindaktutur. Usaha

Nasional.Surabaya.

James,Hurford.,Heasley,.B., 1985. Semantics a course

book. Cambridge University Press. London.

Darminta, SJ., 2006. Praksis pendidikan nilai.

Penerbit

Kanisius. Yogyakarta.

Kahl., 1968. in Rustam Efendi: “Cucupatian Banjar:

Analisis Struktur, Fungsi, dan Nilai Budaya”.Tesis.

Universiti Utara Malaysia 2010.

Kamus Dwibahasa., 2002. Dewan Bahasa dan Pustaka.

Kuala Lumpur.

Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia., 2007. Balai Pustaka.

Jakarta, Edisi III.

Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia online. 2012.

http://www.kbbi.web.id> 409.

Kattsoff, LO., 1953. Pengantar filsafat .Alih

bahasa”.Design of human behavior.St. Louis

educational publisher.dalam Soemargono, S., 2007.

Penerbit Tiara WacanaYogya. Yogyakarta.

Kempson, RM., 1991. Translate by Zaiton Ab. Rahman.

Teori Semantik. Dewan Bahasa. Selangor.

Keraf, G., 1983. Komposisi. Nusa Indah. Ende Flores.

Keraf, G., 1995. Eksposisi dan deskripsi. PT.Grasindo.

Jakarta.

Khairul, ABMS., 2009. Pemikiran pembangunan

berteraskan system nilai-budaya: Kajian terhadap

pendekatan Dr.Mahathir Mohamad 1981-1986. Tesis.

Sintok: COLGIS Universiti Utara Malaysia.

Khairunnisah, SI., 2008. Unsur budaya dalam koleksi

terjemahan cerita jenaka bahasa Melayu–bahasa

Jerman: Satu analisis. Thesis. Fakulti Bahasa

dan Linguistik Universiti Malaya. Kuala Lumpur.

Khairunisah, SI., 2008.

<http://dspace.fsktm.um.edu.my/xmlui/bitstream/hand

le/1812/414/_Thesis.pdf?sequen>

Sudaryanto, 1993. Metode dan Aneka Teknik Analisis

Bahasa: Pengantar Penelitian Wahana Kebudayaan

secara Linguistis. Duta Wacana University

Press.Jakarta.

Wijaya, ID., 1995. Wacana Kartun Indonesia.Tesis.

Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta.

Kombur Jenaka Angkola-Mandailing (AM)

511