Economic Burden Analysis of Smoker and Non-smoker Urban

Fishermen in Medan City

Destanul Aulia

, Sri Fajar Ayu

Faculty of Public Health, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia

Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, Indonesia

Keywords: Cigarette, Economic, Income, Poverty, Spending.

Abstract: Working as a fisherman in Indonesia is a low-income job. Most fishermen are the poorest Indonesians. This

low income will get worse if followed by the habit of consuming cigarettes. Family needs that should be

prioritized will be neglected due to choosing cigarettes as a priority, especially for smokers who have been

addicted. The purpose of this study was to analyze the economic burden of urban fishermen, and then

compare it between smokers and non-smokers. This study also looked at the priority of household

expenditure for smokers. The data used are primary data, obtained through an interview with a

questionnaire. Respondents were 50 smoker fishermen and 50 non-smoker fishermen in Medan Belawan

(fishermen's area in Medan City). The data were analyzed using t-test to find the difference between the

economic burden of smokers and non-smokers. The result shows that respondents aged 36-45 years, junior

high school education (SMP) and 76% of smokers believe that cigarettes damage health. The t test result

shows a significant difference between the economic burden of smokers and non-smokers. The average

consumption of fishermen cigarette is three packs per day. The economic burden of cigarettes is 42.8% or

846,400 Rupiahs of monthly income. Cigarettes are a second expenditure priority after basic needs for

smokers. However, only 8% of fishermen have health complaints from smoking. It is recommended that the

government never stop providing knowledge about the badness of smoking to fishermen and stop the entry

of cigarettes in the fishing area to reduce the economic burden for low-income people.

1 INTRODUCTION

The smokers basically realize that tobacco is one of

the potential sources of diseases that interfere with

health. Basic Health Research in 2013 revealed that

as many as 64.9% of men and 2.1% of women over

the age of 15 are smokers (Ministry of Health, 2013).

Besides disturbing health, cigarette consumption

has also become an economic burden for household

expenditure of smokers, especially for farmers and

fishermen. Urban farmers and fishermen are people

with lower-middle income, spending on cigarettes

will cost money for other needs such as basic needs,

health, and education. Family needs that should be

preferred, often overlooked, are caused by an

addicted smoker.

The health costs incurred by Indonesia due to

tobacco-related illness reached 18.1 billion USD or

5.1 times the state revenue from tobacco taxes in the

same year (Kosen, S. 2007 Indonesia Report Card ).

Farmers and fishermen build an image that cigarette

consumption can provide calm, relaxation and more

work skills, without thinking about the long-term

effects of health, and the economy of the family.

Based on data of Demography Institute of UI

Economics Faculty of the Poorest Households

Caught on Consumption of Cigarettes (2009), there

are 68% or (7 of 10) households in Indonesia who

have basic expenditure to buy cigarettes.

In 2010, the state's economic burden due to

cigarettes reached Rp 231.27 trillion. In fact, state

revenues from tobacco taxes in that year only Rp 55

trillion. By 2015, BPJS-Health should spend Rp 6.6

trillion just for heart and blood vessel disease (BPJS,

2015). Cigarettes also cause Indonesians to lose

productivity due to morbidity, disability and early

mortality. The productive time lost by cigarettes is

estimated at 8.5 million by 2015. The length of the

lost productive time is equivalent to a loss of Rp 374

trillion per year.

478

Aulia, D. and Fajar Ayu, S.

Economic Burden Analysis of Smoker and Non-smoker Urban Fishermen in Medan City.

DOI: 10.5220/0009904900002480

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development (ICNRSD 2018), pages 478-480

ISBN: 978-989-758-543-2

2 METHOD

This research is a survey research with analytic

descriptive approach and independent T test. The

data used in this study are primary data obtained

through interviews using a questionnaire to the

respondent. Respondents were 50 smoker fishermen

and 50 non-smoker fishermen in Medan Belawan (as

fishing area in Medan). The collected data is

processed by t test to see the difference of the

economic burden of smokers and non-smokers . The

priority of smokers 'smokers' spending was done

using descriptive analysis with SPSSS 16. The

research time was conducted starting in July until

September 2017.

3 RESULTS

Respondents in this study were smoker and non

smokers fishermen, with the following

characteristics:

Table 1: Characteristics of Respondents.

Characteristics Respondents

Smokers Non Smokers

n % n %

1. Age

a. <25

b. 26-35

c. 36-45

d. 46-55

e. >55

2. Education

a. SD

b. SMP

c. SMA

d. PT

Table 2: Independent t test of smokers and non-smokers fishermen.

Variable Normalitas Test T Independent CI 95%

Produktvitas P=0,706 0,001 (0,677-1,923)

Pengeluaran P=0,355 0,001 (6,996-19,014)

Kerugian P=0,161 0,007 (0,273-1,647))

Table 3: Income comparation of smokers and non-smoker fishermen.

Group Statistics

Fishermen N Mean

Income Monthly Non Smoke

50 240,60

Smoker 50 241,80

Table 4: Outcome of smokers fishermen.

Fishermen

Smokers

Nee

Basic (Rice/food) 43.02

Smoke 42.8

Children education 14.01

Health

0.22

Economic Burden Analysis of Smoker and Non-smoker Urban Fishermen in Medan City

479

Table 5: Outcome of non-smokers fishermen.

Fishermen

Non Smokers

Nee

Basic

(

Rice/food

)

47.98

Smoke

Children education

31.21

Health

3.87

Entertainment

8.98

Others

7.98

Table 6: Health Complaints of smoker and non-smokers fishermen from smoking.

Group Statistics

Farmers N Health Complaint

Non Smoke

50 4

Smoker 50 0

4 DISCUSSION AND

CONCLUSION

From the results in the table 1, it can be seen that the

average age of the fishermen is 36-45 years old,

aged average of fisherman is in the middle to late

adult age range, this is because the work of

fishermen requires a lot of energy and activity.

Although it requires a lot of energy the work,

fishermen not supported by good education, because

the average education on fishermen only graduated

from Junior High School (SMP).

From table 2 and 3, we can see that there is a

significant influence between productivity, yield, and

losses between smokers and non-fishermen with p

<0.05. Productivity for non-smokers is better than

smokers, this is because of capital used by non-

smoker fishermen can be replaced with monthly

income from work, but for smokers, capital to work

will not return completely because it has been used to

smoke can damage health, increase the economic

burden of individuals, households, and also the state.

From table 4 and 5 us can see that the income of

smokers and non-smokers almost the same, the

average income non-smoker fishermen are Rp

2,412,000 and smokers are Rp 2,140,000 every

month, but this income actually not in accordance

with the minimum regional income of Medan City is

Rp2,528 .815. Spending on cigarettes is very harmful

to fishermen because cigarettes are actually

justprovide temporary sensation for smokers , and

cigarette consumption for a certain period of timewill

become an economic burden for individuals,

households, and countries. Consumption of cigarettes

for fishermen should be the government's attention,

this is because cigarette consumption has ranked

second after the basic requirement, thisbeat other

more actual needs important like child education and

health. From table 4 it can be seen that basic needs

such asfood or rice has only 3.18% difference with

cigarette consumption for farmers, and only has a

difference of 0.22% with cigarette consumption for

fishermen. Consumption of cigarettes onsmokers

smokers is big wrong only because the fishermen

work on sea, start from night to early morning, and

only 8% from smoker fishermen that having

complaint with their health from smoking.

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