The Effect of Azotobacter and Azospirrilum Application on Nitrogen,
Chlorophyll and Anthocyanine Content of Upland Red Rice Cultivar
Muhidin
1
, Elkawakib Syam’un
2
, Kaimuddin
2
, Yunus Musa
2
, Gusti Ray Sadimantara
1
, Sitti Leomo
1
,
Dewi Nurhayati Yusuf
1
, Tresjia Corina Rakian
1
1
Department of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Halu Oleo University, Kendari, Southeast Sulawesi 93212 Indonesia
2
Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, South Sulawesi, 90245 Indonesia
Keywords: Upland Red Rice, Nitrogen, Anthocyanine, Cholorophyl, Azotobacter and Azospirillum
Abstract: Upland red rice contains anthocyanine that can act as antioxidants. This study aims to analyze the effect of
bacterial fixator on nitrogen, chlorophyl and anthocyanine content in upland rice. The results showed that
the application of bacterial fixator increased the amount of nitrogen, chlorophyll and anthocyanine content
in upland red rice plants.
1 INTRODUCTION
Rice is a very important food and its needs tend to
increase along with an increase in human population
(Muhidin, 2015). Increased production of red rice
always associated with an increase in national rice
production (Suliartini et al., 2018). Various
programs have been introduced to maintain the
sustainability of rice plants, for example through
plant breeding programs (Kadidae et al., 2017;
Suliartini et al., 2018; Sadimantara et al., 2018a,
2018b, 2018c), alternative farming systems
(Muhidin 2018 et al., 2013; 2018a, 2018b) and
reduce the amount of rice consumption in the
community (Muhidin et al., 2016). One alternative
to increase rice production is through the
development of upland rice (Sutariati et al., 2017;
2018a, 2018b), but until now its production capacity
is still low.
The low productivity of upland rice is caused by
its cultivation which is relatively more difficult
when compared to rice cultivation. This obstacle is
partly due to the growth medium of upland rice
which is generally planted in acidic soils (Lubis et
al., 2008), while the ability of farmers to apply
fertilizer is very limited. At present, fertilization
using inorganic fertilizers is the main choice,
because the effects of its use are very quickly seen.
However, the use of inorganic fertilizers in large
quantities and continuously can cause a decrease in
soil fertility (Havlin et al., 2005). Another option for
safer fertilizer is to use organic fertilizer. Non-
symbiotic biological fertilizer application using
Azotobacter sp. and Azospirillum sp. as Nitrogen
fixers can reduce the use of inorganic fertilizers and
prevent the decline of soil organic matter and reduce
pollution (Syaiful et al., 2013; Nurmas et al., 2018a,
2018b).
2 MATERIAL AND METHOD
This research was carried out in a split plot design.
The main plot was a different dose of bacterial
fixator, consisting of 3 levels: (b
0
) = without
bacterial fixator, (b
1
) = Azotobacter 2.5 L ha
-1
+
Azospirillum 2.5 L ha
-1
and (b
2
) = Azotobacter 5.0 L
ha
-1
+ Azospirillum 5.0 L ha
-1
. Whereas in subplots
were different types of upland red rice: (V
1
) = La
Bandiri, (V
2
) = Jangkobembe, (V
3
) = Ranggohitam
and (V
4
) = Paedara.
3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION
3.1 The Bacterial Effect on Nitrogen
Content
The results showed that the application of bacterial
fixator could increase the nitrogen content in plant
tissues (Table 1).
284
Muhidin, ., Syam’un, E., Kaimuddin, ., Musa, Y., Sadimantara, G., Leomo, S., Yusuf, D. and Corina Rakian, T.
The Effect of Azotobacter and Azospirrilum Application on Nitrogen, Chlorophyll and Anthocyanine Content of Upland Red Rice Cultivar.
DOI: 10.5220/0009901600002480
In Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development (ICNRSD 2018), pages 284-287
ISBN: 978-989-758-543-2
Copyright
c
 2022 by SCITEPRESS – Science and Technology Publications, Lda. All rights reserved

Table 1: Effect of bacterial fixator on nitrogen content
Bacterial Treatment
Nitro
g
en content in
p
lant tissue
(
m
g
/100
g)
v
1
v
2
v
3
v
4
Avera
g
e
b
0
2.92 2.67 3.04 2.82 2.86
b
1
3.12 2.62 3.05 2.77 2.89
b
2
2.95 2.76 3.05 2.83 2.90
Average 3.00 2.68 3.05 2.81 2.88
Remarks :
v
1
= Labandiri Cultivar b
0
= Without bacterial fixator
v
2
= Jangkobembe Cultivar b
1
= Azotobacter 2.5 L ha
-1
+ Azospirillum 2.5 L ha
-1
v
3
= Ranggohitam Cultivar b
2
= Azotobacter 5.0 L ha
-1
+ Azospirillum 5.0 L ha
-1
v
4
= Paedara Cultivar
Table 2: The effect application bacterial fixator on chlorophyll content of upland red rice
Bacterial
Treatment
Choloro
p
h
y
ll content
(
m
g
/ 100
g)
Cholorophyll a
v
1
v
2
v
3
v
4
Average
b
0
6.08 6.27 3.96 6.27 5.64
b
1
4.34 3.40 3.89 4.26 3.97
b
2
5.84 5.11 6.53 5.43 5.73
Avera
g
e 5.42 4.92 4.79 5.32 5.11
Cholorophyll b
v
1
v
2
v
3
v
4
Average
b
0
24.47 24.57 23.57 24.61 24.31
b
1
23.68 24.39 23.49 23.64 23.80
b
2
24.48 23.95 24.11 24.25 24.20
Avera
g
e 24.21 24.30 23.72 24.17 24.10
Total Cholorophyll
v
1
v
2
v
3
v
4
Average
b
0
30.51 30.80 27.50 30.84 29.91
b
1
27.99 30.20 27.35 27.55 28.27
b
2
30.28 29.04 29.30 29.64 29.56
Avera
g
e 29.59 30.02 28.05 29.34 29.25
Remarks :
v
1
= Labandiri Cultivar b
0
= Without bacterial fixator
v
2
= Jangkobembe Cultivar b
1
= Azotobacter 2.5 L ha
-1
+ Azospirillum 2.5 L ha
-1
v
3
= Ranggohitam Cultivar b
2
= Azotobacter 5.0 L ha
-1
+ Azospirillum 5.0 L ha
-1
v
4
= Paedara Cultivar
3.2 Chlorophyll Content
The results showed that the application of bacterial
fixator and differentiation of cultivars did not
significantly influence the chlorophyll content, both
for chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll
content. The application of bacterial fixator only
increases the levels of leaf chlorophyll in
Ranggohitam cultivar especially for the total
chlorophyll and chlorophyll content. In the other
three cultivars (Labandiri, Jangkobembe and
Paedara), the application of bacterial fixator did not
increase the chlorophyll content (Table 2).
The Effect of Azotobacter and Azospirrilum Application on Nitrogen, Chlorophyll and Anthocyanine Content of Upland Red Rice Cultivar
285

Table 3: The interaction of cultivars and bacteria fixator on anthocyanine content of upland red rice
Bacterial
Treatment
Anthoc
y
anine content
(
m
g
g
-1
)
Duncan 0.05
between V
v
1
v
2
v
3
v
4
b
0
4.93 a 0.05 a 2.73 a 0.17 a
p
q
r
r
2=0.042
b
1
0.13
b
0.06 a 4.46 a 0.15 a
p
q
r
p
3=0.044
b
2
0.11
b
0.17
b
4.22 c 0.13 a
p
q
r
q
r
4=0.045
Duncan 0.05 between B 2=0.041 3=0.044
Remarks : Number followed by the same index in the same row, are not significantly different at Duncan's
multi
p
le Ran
g
e Test
(
DMRT
)
.
v
1
= Labandiri Cultivar b
0
= Without bacterial fixator
v
2
= Jangkobembe Cultivar b
1
= Azotobacter 2.5 L ha
-1
+ Azospirillum 2.5 L ha
-1
v
3
= Ranggohitam Cultivar b
2
= Azotobacter 5.0 L ha
-1
+ Azospirillum 5.0 L ha
-1
v
4
= Paedara Cultivar
3.3 Anthocyanine Content
The results showed that the application of bacterial
fixator could increase the anthocyanine content of
rice (Table 3). An increase in anthocyanine levels
occurred in Jangkobembe and Ranggohitam
cultivars, while in Labandiri and Paedara cultivars,
there was no increase in anthocyanine levels.
As a result of the comparison of anthocyanine
levels in each cultivar (V
1
, V
2
, V
3
and V
4
) with
controls on cultivars without bacterial fixator
application (b
0
), it appears that the highest increase
in anthocyanine levels due to bacterial fixation
application occurs in Jangkobembe cultivars, while
anthocyanine levels decrease because bacterial
fixation application occurred in Labandiri cultivars
(Table 3).
4 CONCLUSION
Bacterial fixator has an effect on nitrogen,
chlorophyll and anthocyanine content.
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