The Connection of Water Reception’s Conductivity with Sprout Rate

That Influenced the Temperature and Long Immersion to Papaya

(Carica papaya L.) Seeds

Muhammad Husaini Assauwab

, Tengku Cahairun Nisa

, Revandy Iskandar Muda Damanik

Post graduate of Agrotechnology, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, North Sumatra,

Indonesia

Agrotechnology Department, Agriculture Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan 20155, North Sumatra, Indonesia

Keyword: Germinate, Immersion, Long, Papaya, Temperature

Abstract: High requirement of papaya fruit to local market and international, give promising opportunities to this

commodities. Accordingly, to Indonesia’s land for the production of tropical fruit gives fresh air for the

farmer but the obstacle to face in production is the minimum availabilityof seed, because of the difficulty of

papaya seed to germinate. Many ways and effort have been done like soaking many various of solvent,

releasing sarcotesta, drying, but still the result come in variation. The purpose of this research is to get the

connection of water reception’s conductivity with sprout rate that influenced the temperature and long

immersion to papaya seeds (Caricapapaya L), and obtain optimal treatment for germination of papaya seeds.

This research is using three factors, which is the first factor long immersion consist of three variations ( 12

hours, 24 hours, 36 hours). The second factor temperature immersion consist of four variations ( normal

water temperature, 30

C temperature, 50

C temperature, dan 70

C temperature). The research was

conducted in a seed laboratory by using 50 seeds in every treatment. Based on this research the effect of

temperature treatment and the best long immersion in treatment P

with sprout rate 4.99 days and

including those with the smallest damage.

1 INTRODUCTION

Papaya plant is including wet tropical species and its

growth is quite rapid between 10-12 months after

planting the fruit can already be harvested (Suketiet

al.,2010). The germination of papaya seeds

(Caricapapaya L) is affected in many factor, like

environment, temperature, light, pH, oxygen,

humidity temperature, (Hutasoit, 2017; Lange, 1961;

and Marbunet al,2014;). Papaya seeds have phisical

dormancy with slow and unlikely germination

process (Lopes and Souza, 2008). Germination can

occur in 10-21 days after planting, and can

germinate up to 35-40 days (Bhattacharya dan

Khuspe, 2001; Chen dan Tseng, 1996; Indriyani

N.L.P. et al, 2008).

For some research that has been done, there are

differences of opinion about the nature of papaya

seeds, between the nature of intermediates and

orthodoxy. The research that grouping papaya seeds

is orthodox nature based on resistance to desiccation

until moisture content reaches 6-7% (Sari,

2005),even on the moisture content level 5% (Wood

et al., 2000). Juhanda (2013) said that one of the first

treatment effort to the seeds that intendedbreak

dormancy and speed up the occurrence of likely

germination seeds is immersion. Papaya seeds’

dormancy break can be done by soaking the seeds in

various water temperature. Besidethat, immersion

plays to soften the skin of the seeds and making the

water easy to absorb by seeds so the physiology

processes inside the seed can be happen and the

occurrence of germination (Fitriyani et al., 2013).

Plant depence of specific temperature to simulate

germination and development of seedlings

associated, according to plant species (Martyn et al.,

2011; Milbau et al., 2009; and Mondoni et al.,

2008). Response of germination to temperature have

potential to increase response of plant to the change

of climate (Martyn et al, 2011; Milbau et al., 2009;

Mondoni et al., 2009; and Ooi et al., 2009),

especially most of the species who breed

generatively (Venn and Morgan, 2009). By soaking

274

Husaini Assauwab, M., Nisa, T. and Iskandar Muda Damanik, R.

The Connection of Water Reception’s Conductivity with Sprout Rate That Inﬂuenced the Temperature and Long Immersion to Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seeds.

DOI: 10.5220/0009901400002480

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development (ICNRSD 2018), pages 274-278

ISBN: 978-989-758-543-2

the seeds of IPB 1 papaya, the result can accelerate

and germination of papaya seeds (Sari, 2005). As the

temperature increases, it affects the increased of

germination of seeds, but inthesomelimit (Finch-

Savage et al., 2006).

Based on the previous research, the researcher

wants to do a research about connection of the

connection of water reception’s conductivity with

sprout rate that influenced the temperature and long

immersion to papaya seeds (Carica papaya L). A

research purpose at obtaining the right treatment for

the best germination.

2 MATERIALS AND METHODS

The research held in seeds technology laboratory

North Sumatra University, Medan with altitude of ±

25 meters above sea level by using the materials of

planting Calina papaya seeds (IPB 9).

The research is using Completely Randomized

Block Design factorial with 2 factors. (The old

immersion factor (P) occurring over 3 levels (12

hours of immersion (P

), 24 hours of immersion(P

and 36 hours of immersion(P

)). (Immersion

temperature factor (S) which consist of 4 levels

(normal water temperature (S0), 30

C temperature

(S1), 50

C temperature (S2), and 70

C temperature

(S3)).

The parameters who being observed in this

research like leakage of membrane and sprout rate,

first data was taken 12 hours treatment by measure

the conductivity value of the seed immersion water

by using electro conductivity (EC) meters

(Milwaukee EC60). sprout rate was observed 1st day

after treatment. The result of data analysis on the

real effect then continued with different test using

Duncan test with 5% levels.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

From the result of the research and analysis of

research variance known by temperature treatment

and long immersion of papaya seed effect on

membrane leakage parameter and germination rate

(day). More details can be seen in the table below

3.1 Membrane Leakage

Table 1 shows that four of the immersion

temperature treatment produce different electrical

conductivity values between each temperature. The

higher the immersion temperature, the greater the

electrical conductivity value of the soaking water of

the seed. It can be seen that the treatment that shows

highest electric conductivity values contain need on

highest temperature that is on 70

C (S

) temperature

for amount of 0.51 mS/cm and the lowest on water

normal temperature treatment (S

) for amount of

0.28 mS/cm, which is appropriate to the Putra’s

(2011) research who said that the increased of the

temperature will increased the electrical conductivity

of the coffee seed immersion water.

Table 1: Average Old Role and Various Temperature of

Immersion Papaya Seeds

Membrane Leakage

Treatment S0 S1 S2 S3 Average Total

P1 0.27 g 0.31 f 0.42 d 0.49 b 0.37 c 1.50

P2 0.28 g 0.29 g 0.45 c 0.52 a

0.38

1.54

P3 0.28 g 0.34 e 0.44 c 0.51 ab

0.39 a 1.58

Average 0.28 d 0.31 c 0.44 b 0.51 a

Total 0.83 0.94 1.32 1.52

Rate of Germination

P1 5.81 6.05 5.67 6.31 5.96 a

23.84

P2 4.99 5.38 5.01 5.82 5.30 b

21.21

P3 5.31 5.75 5.33 5.99 5.60 b

22.38

Average 5.37 b 5.73 b 5.34 b 6.04 a

Total 16.11 17.18 16.01 18.13

Information : The numbers followed by different letters shows the real of

different according to the Duncan’s multiple test at α=5%.

The highest electric conductivity 0.39 mS/cm

occur in 36 hours (P3) long immersion treatment and

the lowest in 12 hours (P

) long immersion treatment

for amount of 0.37 mS/cm. The bigger of membrane

leakage in 36 hours long immersion shows that the

seeds’ condition in 36 hours long immersion is more

deteriorate than the seeds that soaked for 12 and 24

hours. The longest it takes for the seeds’

immersionmakes the damage on the seeds’ skin and

cells membrane in coffee seeds and sawo (Hartawan,

2006; Putra et al., 2011 and Hartuti et al.,.2015).

Interaction connection immersion temperature

and long immersion for electric conductivity can be

seen on Table 1 and Image 1, P

seems effecting

not real to the treatment of P

and different to the

other treatment. For the interaction of immersion

temperature treatment with long immersion, shows

that the highest electricity conductivity value is

contain in the P

treatment for amount of 0.52

mS/cm and the lowest electricity conductivity value

is in P

treatment (0,27 mS/cm). Perhaps this

caused by high temperature can lowered the seed

viability, however have been done on tomato seeds.

(Marbun et al., 2014).

The Connection of Water Reception’s Conductivity with Sprout Rate That Inﬂuenced the Temperature and Long Immersion to Papaya

(Carica papaya L.) Seeds

275

Figure 1: Electric conductivity on each Long and

Immersion Temperature

3.2 Rate of Germination (Days)

Based on variance analysis known that immersion

temperature treatment, long immersion real effect on

rate of germination. Rate of Germination average

and Duncan’s distance test result can be seen on

Table 1. The fastest rate of germination on 24 hours

long immersion (5.30 Days) shows that, this long

immersion is more affective to process ambition,

than 12 and 36 hours of immersion. In accordance

with Putra’s statement (2011) and Webster et al.

(2016) that rate of germination effected by long seed

immersion (coffee and papaya) as effort to help

soften seed’s skin as long as the water can enter

cotyledon. The fastest long immersion obtained at

immersion temperature treatment at 70

C for about

6.04 days. This shows that an increase in

immersion temperature can improve rate of

germination of papaya seeds. This thing is

corresponding with the result of the Putra’s research

(2011) who report that the increased of immersion

temperature can increase the rate of seed

germination of coffee.

Interaction betweenlong immersion and

immersion temperature not real effect to rate of

germination. On the Table 1. It can be seen that the

fastest rate of germination on the treatment P

for

about 4,99 days and the longest on the treatment

for about 6,05 days. From the result of the

research tend not to be interconnected, the

possibilityof the internal and external effect than can

beeffectingthe seeds germination and growth,

because considering the research environment is not

homogeneous. The same thing put forward by

Copeland and McDonald, (2001), that

environmental conditions such as moisture and seed

conditions also affect the germination and the

growth of plant. it can be seen from the seeds that

obtained do not come from one of the same fruits,

the same trees, the same maturity. This thing is

corresponding with Dias’s statement (2014), that

fruit maturity level can be affected papaya seeds’

physiologyquality. For more details can be seen in

the Figure 2.

Figure 2: Rate of germination on each long and immersion

temperature

3.3 Membrane Leakage’s Connection

with Sprout Rate

Membrane leakage’s connection with sprout papaya

seeds can be seen on Figure 3. Temperature

Treatment combination and long immersion on pre-

sprouts containers have no significant connection.

From Figure 3 shown that with high membrane

leakage will slow the rate of sprout papaya seeds.

Seen from Figure 1 and 2, high temperature and

long immersion will break seeds, with marking the

conductivity value of papaya seeds immersion

water. Ma (2016) have been reported the same thing

salix seeds. As well as the germination of papaya

seeds increase almost linear with increase water

immersion temperature (Aisah and Elfien, 2016).

The immersion stipulatesa series of biochemical

changes in pare seeds which is important to start the

process such as breaking dormancy, hydrolysis,

inhibitory metabolism, imbibition, enzyme

activation but at certain temperature and long

immersion (Jamil et al.,2016).

ICNRSD 2018 - International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development

276

Figure 3. Membrane leakage connection and rate of germination oninteraction between temperature with long papaya seed

immersion.

4 CONCLUSION

This result of the research shows that in a single

treatment of the best treatment for membrane

leakage at 12 hours of immersion, for the best

immersiontemperature on normal water immersion

treatment, because of the less damage level of seed

than the other treatment. The best rate of

germination for the best single on 24 hours long

immersion and the best temperature treatment on 50

C temperature, both of the treatment show the

fastest rate of germination.

The best treatment interaction for rate of

germination contained in the treatment P

(4,99

days), it is possible that damaged caused by

immersion for 24 hours is tolerable, possible with

normal water temperature that do not damage the

seeds.

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