Performance of Cosaccos in "Birding Birds on Rice Plants": Study of

Arab Oral Tratidion

Fatimatuzzahra Nasution

, Robert Sibarani

, Gustianingsih

, Khairina Nasution

Linguistic Study Program, University of North Sumatra

Keywords: Performance, Vocabulary, Natural and Human Resources, Arabic Oral Tradition.

Abstract: In this study discussed how the performance of Arabic vocabulary is very influential in the activity of

"expelling birds to rice plants", the Arabic vocabulary spoken directly by the Arabs became a tradition that

has been entrenched until now. The Arabic vocabulary used is very closely related to the study of linguistic

morphology and the language process in the activities of "expelling birds to rice plants" are things related to

natural resources that need to be preserved. In the discussion mentioned about performance which is part of

anthropolinguistic studies. According to Sibarani, performance as one of the approaches in

anthropolinguistic studies has proven effective in examining the relationship of the structure of the text,

context and context (culture, ideology, social, and situation) to an oral tradition based on different cultural

elements and aspects of human life and with this anthropolinguistic approach is able to formulate a model of

revitalization and preservation of an oral tradition.

1 INTRODUCTION

Speaking of performance, there are many studies

that discuss it, especially in various fields of science,

but for the discussion in this study is performance in

the scope of anthropolinguistics.

Anthropolinguistics is not just about the study of

language, but about culture and all aspects of human

life. In Antropolinguistics there are 3 important

things that are discussed, namely: performance,

indexicality, and participants. But in this paper, it

emphasizes only one aspect, namely performance.

According to Sibarani through the concept of

performance, language can be understood in the

process of activities, actions, and communicative

performances, which require creativity. Language as

a lingual element that stores cultural resources that

cannot be understood separately from the

performance or language activities.

The same is true of the vocabulary performance

used by the Arab farmers they used to drive birds

out of their rice. The involvement of the language

and the influence of the Arabic oral tradition in

empowering surrounding natural resources are very

interrelated. In other words, language performance

greatly influences the sustainability of agricultural

activities within the scope of oral traditions and local

wisdom of the surrounding community, namely in

the Arab region, especially Egypt.

When Arabs planted rice, green rice leaves

around the Nile began to appear, when rice had

begun to contain the birds began to eat the rice that

had been filled earlier, before the harvest, the

farmers carried out various ways to drive away the

birds that came there are those that make the

scarecrow in the middle of the rice fields, there are

also those who make ropes tied around the rice

fields, also with the ropes tied together cans that

already contain stones with the aim of being pulled

and shaken and the cans sounding , so that with that

sound the birds that came all returned and flew away

in fear of the sound.

In addition there are also some farmers who

make kites such as birds, there are also those who

use shiny plastic, and there are also those who use

nets around the rice fields, but all efforts to guard

rice from the attack of the birds should not be

abandoned, because every farmer though already

tied a rope around the rice fields, made a joint

venture of the puppets and made cans, they also

issued a distinctive word to drive the bird away.

The word is ruh-ruh, (go-go), this word which is

almost always used by farmers to drive away the

birds that want to eat the rice of the farmers, as if

these two words are very effective in driving away

136

Nasution, F., Sibarani, R., Gustianingsih, . and Nasution, K.

Performance of Cosaccos in "Birding Birds on Rice Plants": Study of Arab Oral Tradition.

DOI: 10.5220/0009899000002480

In Proceedings of the Inter national Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development (ICNRSD 2018), pages 136-139

ISBN: 978-989-758-543-2

the birds that eat the rice of the farmers before

harvest, so this word always accompanies every

farmer's effort in driving away birds in the farmers'

fields.

2 PROBLEMS

1. What vocabulary is used by Arabs to drive birds

in the fields?

2. What ways do Arab farmers do to drive the birds

away?

3. How do you use the word spirit so that the birds

fly out of fear?

3 RESEARCH METHODS

This research use desciptive qualitative approach.

This qualitative descriptive study aims to describe

what is currently valid. In it there is an attempt to

describe, record, analyze and interpret the conditions

that are currently occurring. In a qualitative

approach, the breadth and depth of data is a top

priority. The data of this study were obtained

through a process of direct observation

(observation), which is to look carefully at the

performance of the vocabulary used by local farmers

in the Arab region, especially Egypt.

4 DISCUSSION

4.1 Arab Natural Resources

When it comes to Arabic natural resources, of course

Arabic is very much and extensive, but the Arabic

that is the research this time is Arabic Egypt. Egypt

is a country that is rich in history and various relics,

even rich in natural resources, and which Egyptian

Arab natural resources are: oil palm, natural gas,

iron ore, fostat, manganese, limestone, talc, asbestos

and cement (Selayang Look at Egypt, p. 14).

Arabs who farm a lot and grow rice are Arab

countries of Egypt, although Egypt has a larger

desert area, but there are some areas that are used for

rice farming, namely, like the banks of the Nile,

Ashadi said that the Nile River was approximately

1,200 KM (Ancient world warriors and aristocracy:

Sumaria-Egypt-India, p. 49) even near the region of

Giza and there are several places in the Province of

Syarqiyah such as Zaqaziq, Samanud and several

other regions which farm rice.

Indeed, it is undeniable that the most agriculture

in Egypt is wheat farming and fruits such as dates,

oranges, grapes, and farming of flowers such as

roses and other flowers, because wheat is the staple

food source of the Egyptians who were made as the

bread they call Eisy bread.

4.2 Vocabulary for Expelling Birds

4.2.1 Arabic Oral Tradition

Before discussing the word used by Egyptian Arabs

to repel birds in their agricultural areas, we need to

know how the Arabic oral tradition from the past.

Long before Islam around the 3rd century BC the

history of the Arabs had begun to exist, but the Arab

tradition in literature began to exist since around 500

AD, because of the development of the Arabs

themselves. Formerly Arabic literature recognized

two literatures that were strong and strong, namely

prose and poetry, so if we open the books written by

earlier Arabs we get very many examples of poems

or poems that they write in their essays, this

indicates that the Arabs of Iotu are fond of poetry

and poetry (Treating a glimpse of orality and literacy

in pre-Islamic Arabic literature, p. 120).

4.2.2 Understanding the Word Spirit

(Leaving)

The word spirit in Arabic comes from the word

Raaha-yaruuhu-rowaahan which means to go or

depart (Ibn Mandzur, Lisanul Arab p. 426 vol. 5),

Ibn Mandzur also said that this word is often used by

Arabs in daily life when they want to say that if they

want to go to their fellow human beings, they also

use the word spirit to send the birds away (ibn

Mandzur, Lisanul Arab p. 426 vol. 5), not even

birds, but to drive away almost all animals like cats,

dogs and so on.

Although in addition to the word spirit there are

still many words that mean going and going, for

example like Idzhab, ghaadir, saafir, inthaliq and so

on, all of which are rarely used by Arabs to repel

birds or other animals, but it has become a habit for

them to use the word spirit and with actions such as

wanting to throw or by bringing something to the

animal if you want to drive away other birds or

animals if they don't like it.

4.2.3 The Way Arab Farmers Drive Birds in

the Agricultural Area

Rice is one of the plants that must always be planted,

because rice which is cooked into rice is one of the

Performance of Cosaccos in "Birding Birds on Rice Plants": Study of Arab Oral Tradition

137

staple foods in the world, so of course the rice must

be sown every year and planted with the aim of

maintaining the continuity of human life in advance

this earth.

Rice is an item that is very much needed by

humans, however, in planting rice, the farmer gets

an obstacle in maintaining the growth of the rice,

one of which is the birds always perch on the rice

stalk and finally eat the rice he comes to. According

to the agricultural research and development agency

(p. 26 section a) "harvesting is done when plants

mature physiologically which can be observed

visually on paddy fields, ie 90-95% of grains have

turned yellow or grain water content ranges from 22-

27%. when of course there were many birds who

wanted to eat the rice.

So to respond to the problem the farmers did a

number of things to be able to drive the bird away,

make the puppets in the middle of the rice fields,

there were also those who made ropes tied around

the fields, also with the ropes tied up with cans that

already contained stones with the destination can be

pulled and shaken and the cans sound, so with that

sound the birds that come all go back and fly in fear

of the sound. Besides that many Arabs use words

that are often used to accompany their efforts in

driving away the birds, the word is ruh-ruh, (go-go).

Some Arabs do not do business by tying a rope

around their fields, they just walk around their fields

while shouting with words of spirit, so that all the

birds around them immediately go and fly in fear of

the voice of the farmer.

The farmers in Arabia seem to have understood

that the birds in Arabia have begun to understand

when the word soul is spoken, the birds that want to

perch and birds that want to eat rice-rice that already

contains rice do not become perch and fly

immediately .

4.2.4 When to Use the Word Spirit

Farmers in Arabia usually drive around the fields,

then while going around them that's when they say

the word spirit, that's if they don't make a tin can

around the rice fields, but when they tie the rope

they hang cans and fill them with stones , then they

sat in their place while pulling the ropes while

shouting spirits.

Every time the birds arrived, at that time the

farmer pulled ropes tied with cans, then at that

moment their voices came out to drive the birds

away, so that all the birds that came were about to

eat The rice does not land on the rice stalks and

immediately flies back.

In addition, there are also farmers who use

puppets to make the birds afraid to come and perch

to eat rice, but not infrequently the birds still alight

and eat rice-rice that already contains the rice.

Usually if the farmer goes around the boundaries of

the rice fields while shouting spirits, so the birds get

scared and fly back.

So for farmers who are guarding their rice plants

who want to harvest they often shout out spirits, to

drive away birds who want to eat their rice, but

sometimes those that come to destroy their rice are

not just birds, but rats rats gnawing rice from below,

so that the paddy which is almost ready to be

harvested is attacked from above by birds, and from

under the rice is also attacked by very greedy rats.

5 CONCLUSION

From the information above, it can be concluded

that:

1. The peasants when they want to expel the birds

they bring out the words of spirit, (go-away)

from their verbally.

2. In addition to the word spirit, Arab farmers also

carried out efforts such as making scarecrows,

tying ropes tied with cans filled with small gravel

stones, so that when pulled, the sound of gravel

in a can heard by birds.

3. said spirit, spoken while shouting when the birds

arrived, and accompanied by movements that

made the birds feel scared.

4. The involvement of language and the influence

of Arabic oral traditions in empowering

surrounding natural resources are very

interrelated.

5. Language performance greatly influences the

sustainability of agricultural activities within the

scope of oral traditions and local wisdom of Arab

society, especially Egypt.

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