The Local Wisdom of Mangrove Ecosystem Management based on

Time Allocation in Coastal Community

Farid Aulia

, Badaruddin

, R. Hamdani Harahap

, Budi Utomo

Doctoral Students of Natural Resources and Environment Postgraduate School of the Universitas, Sumatera Utara, Medan

Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan

Department of Anthropology, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan

Department of Forestry, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Sumatera Utara, medan

Keywords: Coastal Community, Time Allocation, Local Wisdom, Mangrove Ecosystem Management.

Abstract: This research aims to describing the form of management mangrove ecosystem based on local wisdom in

mangrove community at Jaring Halus Village, Secanggang District, Langkat Regency. Analyis is done on

some factors that affect working time allocation of coastal community in mangrove management based on

education level, training, the distance of house from coastal, non-mangrove time allocation, working time

tradition and level of dependency. The result of this research shows that the attempt of introducing the

mangrove sustainability management has been creating the newest of local wisdom that never existed

before. Some of the coefficient which were training that has been attended before, the distance between

house and coastal area, non-mangrove time allocation and tradition of working time, had significantly

influenced to mangrove working time allocation. The method that were used was the combination of

qualitative and quantitative using descriptive analytic and multiple linier regression.

1 INTRODUCTION

The east coastal area of North Sumatera has

43.133,44 km² width and has coastal line 545 km. Its

has six small island that has dominated by lots of

mangrove community. Based on theoretical,

mangrove community has an important ecosystem in

coastal area, biologically, economically and physics-

chemistry. Based on Nasution et al. (2012) showed

that mangrove acosystem area at east coastal line of

North Sumatera starts from north of Langkat

Regency to the south of Labuhan Batu Utara

Regency, through 38 districts, 8 districts at Langkat

Regency, 2 districts at Medan City, 4 districts at Deli

Serdang Regency, 5 districts at Serdang Bedagai

Regency, 7 districts at Batubara Regency, 6 districts

at Asahan Regency, 3 districts at Tanjung Balai

City, 3 districts at Labuhan Batu Regency, and 2

districts at Labuhan Batu Utara Regency.

The research of Onrizal (2010) about the

reformation of the width scope mangrove forest at

North Sumatera with the measurement from year

1977, 1988/1989, 1997 and 2006 became narrower.

If we compare with the mangrove forest at 1997, at

1988/1989, 1997, and at 2006, mangrove forest at

south coastal of North Sumatera has become less

and less. It only 14,01% (88.931 Ha), 48,56%

(53.198 Ha) and 59,68% (41.700 Ha) from first

103.415 year 1977. The reducing of mangrove

ecosystem make the researcher interest to study with

local wisdom on focused. It has been built to

manage for needs at local community in Langkat

coastal Regency. It was one of the dynamic of

mangrove ecosystem management in Langkat

Regency.

Some of stakeholders that become part of

mangrove ecosystem at some places with some

interest. The needs of reboisation, rehabilitation,

restoration and the needs to empowering community

to be the conservative community, productive,

innovative and independent. Jaring Halus Village,

Secanggang District at Langkat Regency get some

learning in developing and strengthen local wisdom

in mangrove management. So, the research problems

are (1) How was the mangrove ecosystem

management based on local wisdom of coastal

community at Jaring Halus Village Secanggang

District at Langkat Regency? (2) How was the

working time allocated and what kind of work in

Aulia, F., Badaruddin, ., Harahap, R. and Utomo, B.

The Local Wisdom of Mangrove Ecosystem Management based on Time Allocation in Coastal Community.

DOI: 10.5220/0009898900002480

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development (ICNRSD 2018), pages 133-135

ISBN: 978-989-758-543-2

133

coastal community at Jaring Halus Village

Secanggang District Langkat Regency?

2 MATERIAL AND METHODS

This research was the combination research of

qualitative and quantitative. The qualitative research

was used by case study method to describe

comprehensively about some forms of mangrove

management based on local wisdom with question

“how” and “what” (Moleong, 2000). The

quantitative approach in this research was the

approach used some variables that affect working

time allocation of coastal community in mangrove

management at Langkat Regency.

The research location is at Jaring Halus Village

Secanggang District, Langkat Regency. The primary

data is collected from depth interview, focus group

discussion (FGD), questionnaire. The secondary

datas are collected from the documents of some

institutions and statistical datas. To analyze the

mangrove ecosystem management based on local

wisdom, descriptive qualitative analysis is used with

the study of the forms of mangrove management.

Working time allocation is analyzed by using

descriptive analysis.

3 RESULT AND DISCUSSION

3.1 The Local Wisdom of Mangrove

Management

The relationship between local community and

coastal area could not be separated from the system

of fisherman occupation and the existing of

mangrove ecosystem that has become an unity. The

communal identity borns from their closeness with

the coastal area as the place to live in. The re-

analysis of Sahala Harajaon Concept nowadays, in

cultural and the increasing of public services that

visit Samosir Regency as a tourism destination. The

geographic factor showed that the adaptation ability

of community make the relationship with coastal

area facing from the community tale. The visitation

of Abu Bakar Bin Awang to this place in the effort

of land clearing; to make a village. Abu Bakar Bin

Awang made an agreement with a big tree in this

village. The community said that the tree was a kind

of mangrove variety. It is called as ketapang tree.

When the Jaring Halus Village was established,

ketapang tree was a sacral plantation that need to be

conserved and protected. They realized that to

protect mangrove also means protect their lives from

the waves and storm that alwas happened. The

awareness has exist since Jaring Halus Village

established, but the level of awareness is still low.

This was proven by the community which still cut

the mangrove tree for their interest, and letting

somebody stole the mangrove at Jaring Halus area.

The communal awareness to manage mangrove

sustainably strengthened by some non government

institutions that concerned about environment. They

came and gave learning and protecting for mangrove

forest area. They are JALA, YAGASU and SNSU.

They could change the form of their thinking about

mangrove. They understand more how the function

of mangrove to coastal area. So, they have more

awareness to protect and conserve their mangrove

forest.

The local wisdom that developed in community

was manifestation of community adaptation ability

to the transformed environment; not only from the

ability of community to keep their occupation as a

fisherman; but the ability to keep the mangrove

ecosystem exist. The area of mangrove at Jaring

Halus was so big. From the result of observation and

interview, local community was no need to re-

planting all covered of mangrove forest; because

ecologically mangrove could grow itself and fastly

(Valiela et al., 2001),. But, there are some area that

need to be planted, so the mangrove could grow

wider and wider.

The local wisdom of Jaring Halus Village

community become strengthened with some

empowerment programme that have been done by

some non government organizations. These

programmes not only conservation programmes but

also introducing knowledge about mangrove

management productively and sustainably. They

have been trained about making chips, tea, dodol

from mangrove.

The learning process of local community about

mangrove management by Steward was a part of

community adaptation and some of culture part that

affected by human efforts in taking benefit and

managing the environment (Mitchell et al., 2003).

These benefit process were hoped by some non

government organizations could create some

positive behavior in managing mangrove

sustainably. But, in fact, the learning process could

make the local wisdom to conservate mangrove. The

sustainable of managing mangrove productively and

sustainably disappeared.

ICNRSD 2018 - International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development

134

3.2 Time Allocation and Kind of

Working at Coastal Community

Based on the data analysis in time allocation of coastal

community households at Langkat Regency; seen on

this table:

Table 1: Time Allocation and Kind of Working at Coastal

Community Households.

No. Kind of Working

Time Allocation of

Households

(

hou

wee

)

1. Ecotourism guide 15,57

2. Making chips 8,89

3. Making tea powde

8,66

4. Makin

7,52

5. Makin

dodol 11,43

Total 52,07

Source: Primary Data Processed, 2018.

Based on Table 1, it could be seen that each

week, at coastal community households of Langkat

Regency, the ecotourism guiding spent 15,57 hours,

chips production spent 8,89 hours, tea powder

production spent 8,66 hours, syrup production spent

7,52 hours and making dodol spent 11,43 hours.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Based on the result of data analysis and discussions,

so this research has some conclusions:

1. The adaptation process of Jaring Halus Village

community, Secanggang District at Langkat

Regency has a manifestation from local wisdom

of conservative behavior at mangrove. The local

community has a strength culture about

mangrove conservation.

2. The forms of local wisdom of Jaring Halus

Village Community, Secanggang District,

Langkat Regency in mangrove management as a

part of mentality formed component in

community thinking (infrastructure) that was

combined with some introducer values

(suprastructures) by some institutions that care of

mangrove conservation and management.

3. The ecotourism guiding was the most important

sector at mangrove community households. The

households spent the most working time to be the

ecoturism guide.

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Moleong, L.J., 2000. Qualitative Research Methodology,

PT. Remaja Rosdakarya. Bandung.

Mitchell, B., Setiawan, B., Rahmi, D.H., 2003.

Pengelolaan Sumberdaya dan Lingkungan, Gadjah

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Indonesia.

Nasution, Z., Damanik, B.S.J., Delvian, 2012. Ekologi

Ekosistem Wilayah Pesisir Pantai Timur Sumatera

Utara, Dinas Kelautan dan Perikanan Provinsi

Sumatera Utara. Medan.

Onrizal, 2010. Perubahan Tutupan Mangrove di Pantai

Timur Sumatera Utara Priode 1977-2006. Jurnal

Biologi Indonesia. Bogor.

Valiela, I., Bowen, J.L., & York, J.K., 2001. Mangrove

Forest: One of the World’s Threatened Major Tropical

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