Speed of Infiltration using Rooter System Four Direction Technology

Budi Utomo

1,*

, Afifuddin Dalimunthe

, Yogi Ganda Gatika Togatorop

Forestry Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Jl. Tri Dharma No. 1 Campus USU, Pd Bulan, Medan, Indonesia

Department of Silviculture, Forestry Faculty, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Campus USU, Pd Bulan, Medan, Indonesia

Keywords: Infiltration, Floods, Soil pores, Soil drill, Rooter system technology.

Abstract: The increasing growth of the city has led to increased growth of other asphalt and concrete buildings . This

results in an increase in direct surface flow and a decrease in the quantity of water that seeps into the soil,

which results in flooding. This study aims to control flooding in flood-prone areas by using 4-way rooter

system technology with an environmentally friendly concept in Sunggal District, Deli Serdang Regency.

The results showed that the rooter technology of the 4-Way system was very influential on the decrease in

water level, where on an area of 50 m2 which was fitted with 16 pipes and filled with 40 cm of water it

could absorb water into the ground within 2 hours, while without rooter system technology 4 directions

takes longer to absorb water into the ground, which is 6 hours.

1 INTRODUCTION

High urban growth every year causes changes in

land use. One of the impacts is an increase in direct

surface flow and a decrease in the quantity of water

that seeps into the soil, resulting in flooding during

the rainy season and the threat of drought in the dry

season. So far, the concept of drainage that is widely

applied in cities is the drainage system of the

regional arrangement. This concept in principle

states that all rainwater that falls in an area must be

quickly discharged into the river. The philosophy of

throwing inundated water as fast as possible into the

river causes the river to receive a load that exceeds

its capacity, while there is not much water that can

seep into the ground (Wahyuningtyas, Hariyani and

Sutikno, 2011).

Rooter system technology is a technology that is

used to hold and absorb water into the ground

through a pipe designed like the root of a tree where

the pipe is implanted into the ground 2 meters deep

with a slope of 45

. Rainwater is collected and

absorbed into the soil. Rooter system technology

only holds rain water instead of wastewater. Rooter

system technology is a well or hole in the surface of

the ground that is made to hold rainwater so that it

can seep into the ground. This study aims to

calculate the speed of loss of standing water due to

the use of 4-way rooter system technology.

2 METHODS

This research was carried out in Sunggal District,

Deli Serdang Regency, North Sumatra Province.

The research was conducted from January 2018 to

March 2018. The tools used in this study included 4

inch long PVC pipes with 16 pipes, ground drill,

hoes, buckets, hammers, hacksaws, wrenches, water

pump machines, burlap filled with sand, meter,

camera.

The material used for this study included

swamps which were modified in such a way as to be

used as research material. The land area is 6 meters

x 5 meters with criteria always flooded during the

rainy season (Ningsih, 2013).

2.1 Research Procedure

2.1.1 Prepare Tools and Materials

The tools used in this study are 4 inch paralon pipe

with a length of 2 meters where the edge of the pipe

is perforated by using a drilling machine with a

width of 5 inches as many as 16 pipes, ground drill,

hoe, bucket, hammer, hacksaw, wrench, water

pumping machine, sand filled burlap. The material

used for the research is waterlogged land, where the

land used in this study has a size of 6 meters x 5

meters of land on the land which is less capable of

absorbing water on the ground.

Utomo, B., Dalimunthe, A. and Ganda Gatika Togatorop, Y.

Speed of Inﬁltration using Rooter System Four Direction Technology.

DOI: 10.5220/0009897800002480

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development (ICNRSD 2018), pages 75-78

ISBN: 978-989-758-543-2

2.1.2 Installation of 4-Way Rooter System

Technology

Soil drill using a ground drill machine with a depth

of 2 meters and a width of 5 inches with the

treatment we want as many as 16 holes (adjust to the

land you want to observe), as for the treatment or

method of drilling the soil we want, namely with a

45° slope. After the soil drill process, the next

activity that we do is to insert a 4-meter long PVC

pipe into the ground. The pipe that we use must

actually enter the ground with a length of 2 meters

and is designed with the provisions of 1 point 4

directions in the ground, adjusted to the surface of

the soil layer. The distance between 1 point and

another point is 5 meters.

Figure 1: Installation of four-way rooter system

2.1.3 Observation

The observations carried out include analysis of the

location of the research site, water level at the

research location, land area affected by floods, the

length of time the soil absorbs water face that does

not use 4-way rooter system technology, long time

the soil absorbs water using 4-way rooter system

technology. calculate the discharge of water entering

the soil using either rooter system or land technology

that does not use rooter system technology.

2.1.4 Data Analysis

The purpose of the data analysis carried out in this

study is to compare the rate of infiltration rate on

land using rooter system technology and with land

that does not use rooter system technology. The

formula used in data analysis in this study are as

follows:

Volume (cm

) = Length (cm) x Width (cm) x Height

(cm)

Debit =

 

 

Flow Time =

 



3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Installation of 4-way rooter system technology is

carried out in Sunggal District, Deli Serdang

Regency, North Sumatra. Based on observation and

data retrieval. Location is an area that has a high

intensity of rainfall, uncontrolled urban

development, not in accordance with regional spatial

planning and is not environmentally sound, causing

a reduction in catchment areas and water reservoirs

so that it often experiences flooding that causes

disadvantaged communities around farmers

(BMKG, 2013 )

3.1 Infiltration Rate without Rooter

System

Before going to the observation process, the research

location that had been installed with rooter system

technology and not using rooter system technology

was given water by using a pump machine until the

water level in the land reached 40 cm, then the

observation was carried out for 3 times. observations

carried out included analysis of the study site soil,

water level in the study location, land area affected

by flooding, length of time the soil absorbed the

water face that did not use 4-way rooter system

technology, long time the soil absorbed water using

4-way rooter system technology, counting the flow

of water that enters the ground using either rooter

system or land technology that does not use rooter

system technology. Observation of the volume of

water entering the soil without the installation of a 4-

way rooter system in Sei Mencirim Village can be

seen in Figure 2.

Figure 2: Observations I, II, and III of the volume of water

entering the soil without the installation of 4-way rooter

system technology in the Sei Mencirim village

From Figure 2 it can be seen that without the

installation of 4 rooter system technology the

direction of absorption of water by the soil lasts

ICNRSD 2018 - International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development

quite a long time, both in observations I, II, and III

which are 360 minutes. There is no significant

difference between observations I, II, and III on land

that does not use 4-way rooter system technology.

The more volume of water, the longer it takes the

soil to absorb water. When the volume of water as

much as 12 m3 takes 360 minutes for the soil to

absorb water on the surface. This is because the soil

holds too much water so that the soil experiences a

saturation point which causes the soil to no longer be

able to absorb water from the surface, this is

consistent with (Arsyad, 2000), stating that the

higher the water content in the soil it gets smaller.

Decrease in infiltration rate can be caused because

the soil layer has a lot of water so that the soil water

content becomes higher than before so that the

ability of the soil to infiltrate decreases, the

infiltration rate decreases for a long time so the soil

will be saturated so that the soil unable to continue

water which causes the infiltration rate to be

constant. This is because the soil is getting saturated

so that the water decreases its movement space.

From the condition of the land at the location

also affects the length of time the process of

absorption of water by the soil, where in the study

location the soil conditions do not have vegetation

on the surface of the soil which affects the

absorption of soil against surface water. This is in

accordance with the statement (Ichwana and Erina,

2008) stating that the ability of land to pass water

into the surface of land on land surface area varies,

as well as the ability of soil on the surface that is

vegetated with residential areas has different

infiltration capabilities, this is due to the different

biophysical conditions of the soil. In vegetated areas

the texture class of dusty clay has a greater

infiltration capability than in the area tends to have

more clay fractions which causes small infiltration

capabilities. On coarse-textured soils allow water to

escape quickly so that the soil aerates well. The

pores also allow air to escape from the soil so that

water can enter.

3.2 Infiltration Rate using Rooter

System Technology

According to Asdak (2000) the rate of water

infiltration can be influenced by several factors,

namely: soil texture, soil organic matter, soil

density, type and amount of vegetation. Another

thing that can cause water difficulty to seep into the

soil is the permeability of the soil

Figure 3: Observations I, II and III of the volume of water

entering the soil with 4-way rooter system technology

In Figure 3, observation I shows the volume of

water entering the ground with the 4-way rooter

system technology experienced a significant change

from the previous observation, where the volume of

water entering the soil using 4-way rooter system

technology did not increase but decreased, which

initially in the previous observation with 150

minutes, the volume of water entering the soil was

12 m3. However, in observation I of Figure 3, it

shows that the volume of water entering the soil by

12 m3 using rooter system technology takes 180

minutes with an additional time of 60 minutes from

the previous observation. In observation II Figure 10

also shows a significant difference from observation

I where in observation II within 180 minutes it was

only able to drain 9 m3 and at observation III the

same location also showed a decrease in pipe

function where within 180 minutes the volume of

surface water that could be flowed into the ground at

7 m3. This is due to the condition of the land which

is a rice field that has a muddy soil texture where the

texture of muddy soil has dense soil pores according

to the statement (Hardjowigeno, 2005) which states

that overall soil lubrication causes the nature of the

soil to become: (1) unstructured soil, (2) coarse

pores are reduced while fine pores increase in

number, (3) the power to hold water increases due to

the increasing number of micro pores in the soil and

in the pipe the rooter system is found in mud and

garbage so that the pipe cannot function properly as

before. So from that so that rooter system

technology can function properly as expected system

rooter technology requires maintenance or

maintenance and modification again so that the mud

and organic and non-organic waste cannot enter the

pipe which can cause the pipeline to clog and not

function properly again it can even cause damage to

the 4-way rooter system technology pipeline.

According to Suharta and Prasetyo (2008) this

permeability is a measure of ease of flow through a

media porous. Quantitatively, permeability is given

a limit with the permeability coefficient. The

Speed of Inﬁltration using Rooter System Four Direction Technology

intrinsic permeability of an aquifer depends on the

effective porosity of rocks and unconsolidated

materials, and the free space created by faults and

solutions. Effective porosity is determined by the

size distribution of the granules, the shape and

roughness of each particle and its combined

arrangement but because these properties are rarely

uniform, the hydraulic conductivity of a developing

aquifer is limited by permeability of layers or

individual zones, and may vary quite depending on

the direction of the water movement. Soil

permeability has upper and lower layers. The upper

layer ranges from slow to rather fast (0.20 - 9.46 cm

at 1 hour) while in the lower layer is classified as

rather slow to moderate (1.10 - 3.62 cm at 1 hour).

The factors that influence permeability are: soil

texture, soil structure, orbit, viscosity, gravity and

drainage.

4 CONCLUSIONS

Rooter system technology has a big effect on the

process of reducing water levels where rooter system

technology is designed like tree roots that are useful

for flowing water into the soil so that the soil surface

water can be absorbed effectively. The infiltration

rate using rooter systems can be accelerated to four

times faster than without the use of this technology.

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Arsyad, S. 2000. Soil and Water Conservation. Bogor

Press Agriculture Institute, Bogor.

Asdak C, 2002. Hydrology and Management of

Watersheds. Gadjah Mada Universty Press.

Yogyakarta

[BMKG] Geophysical Climatology Agency. 2013. Rain

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Climatology Geophysical Bulletin.

Hardjowigeno, S, and Luthfi, R, M., 2005. Paddy Land:

Characteristics, Conditions, and Problems of Paddy

Land in Indonesia. Bayu Media, Malang

Ichwana and Erina, N. 2008. Techniques for Making

Biopore Infiltration Holes to Increase Infiltration

Capacity, Field Work Lectures at the Faculty of

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ICNRSD 2018 - International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development