Financial Analysis and Additional Value of Mangrove Plant

Processing in Kampung Nipah, Sei Nagalawan Village, Serdang

Bedagai District, North Sumatra

A. Purwoko

, R. Rambey

and A. Y. Pradita

Faculty of Forestry, Universitas Sumatera Utara, Medan, North Sumatra 20155, Indonesia

Keywords: Mangrove plants, Financial analysis, Value added, Mangrove processed products

Abstract: Community in Kampung Nipah, Sei Nagalawan Village utilize the mangroves to be cultivated into food

and beverage products such as jeruju crackers, pedada syrup and Dodol Avicenia. This research aimed to

know the cultivation process of mangroves products, analyze the financial feasibility and calculate the

value-added of mangrove cultivation business in Sei Nagalawan. The research is conducted by taking

primary and secondary data through interviews and questionnaires and it will be analyzed descriptively.

The results of this research indicates that mangrove cultivation business in Sei Nagalawan Village, Dusun

III, produce various foods and beverage, which the raw materials is obtained from mangroves that grow in

the village, and the cultivation processing activity is carried by the Muara Tanjung Farmers Group. Product

cultivation is still done traditionally. The resulting product are kerupuk jeruju, Dodol Avicenia, and pedada

syroup. The processing business of crackers jeruju, pedada syrup and Dodol Avicenia make profit and

financially feasible with the R/C value of each product is 1,6; 1,2 and 1,2. The added value produced for

crackers jeruju is IDR. 52.871 /kg, the added value of pedada syrup is IDR. 20.725 /kg and the added value

for Dodol Avicenia is IDR. 31.318 /kg.

1 INTRODUCTION

Mangrove is a type of plant that Mangrove is a type

of plant that grows on the coast and one of the

unique and distinct forms of forest ecosystems found

in tidal areas of sea water and tolerate the salinity of

seawater. Almost along the coast in the archipelago

is overgrown by mangrove plants. Mangrove has an

important function in the coastal ecosystem, the

existence of mangrove able to withstand abrasion in

the coast. Mangrove is also a good place to breed for

several species of fish. In addition mangrove also

has a high economic value to be utilized. Mangrove

forests have the potential of natural resources are

very much to be used one of them into food and

beverage products. Mangrove has an important role

both ecologically and economically. Ecologically,

mangrove acts as a coastal protector of wind, waves

and storms.

Mangrove stands serve as a biological bastion of

settlements, buildings and farms of strong winds or

sea water intrusions. Economically, mangroves can

be utilized directly for daily necessities such as

firewood, building materials, household necessities,

paper, medicines, bark and charcoal and even the

fruit can be processed into various foods and

beverages (Khoriah, 2015).

Sei Nagalawan Village is one of the villages

located in Perbaungan subdistrict, Serdang Bedagai

District. Sei Nagalawan village has a mangrove

ecosystem that is a mainstay in terms of mangrove

ecotourism and some mangrove plants in the village

of Sei Nagalawan also utilized the surrounding

community into processed food products and

beverages. Some processed products such as chips

and tea made from jeruju leaf (Acanthus ilicifolius),

dodol derived from the api-api (Avicennia marina)

and syrup from the fruit pedada (Sonneratia

caseolaris). Processing of mangrove plants into

processed food products and beverages conducted

by people who are members of the Farmers Group

located in the village of Sei Nagalawan. This study

aims to identify the processing of mangrove plant

products, analyze the financial feasibility and

calculate the added value of mangrove plant

processing business in Sei Nagalawan Village.

Purwoko, A. and Pradita, A.

Financial Analysis and Additional Value of Mangrove Plant Processing in Kampung Nipah, Sei Nagalawan Village, Serdang Bedagai District, North Sumatra.

DOI: 10.5220/0009896800002480

In Proceedings of the International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development (ICNRSD 2018), pages 15-21

ISBN: 978-989-758-543-2

2 METHODOLOGY

2.1 Place and Time

This research was conducted at mangrove

processing plant by Muara Tanjung Farmer Group

located in Sei Nagalawan Village, Perbaungan

Subdistrict, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North

Sumatera Province. The study was conducted from

March to April 2018.

2.2 Tools and Materials

The tool used in this study is a camera that is useful

for research documentation, stationery to record

information about research. Materials used are

questionnaires to obtain secondary or primary data.

2.3 Types and Data Sources

Types and sources of data used in this study are as

follows primary data, ie data obtained directly from

the respondents of the study by using a questionnaire

containing the questions asked in writing to

respondents to get answers, responses and

information required by researchers. Secondary data,

ie data obtained through recording on agencies and

other library sources related to this research.

2.2 Data Collection

Data collection technique used in this research is

survey, that is doing direct observation at research

location. Interview, which is conducting question

and answer with respondent, related to problem in

this research by using questionnaire sheet. Library

study, ie data collection using literature related to

this research.

2.4 Data Analysis

Data analysis, among others: (1) Processing this data

is obtained by interview and questionnaire with the

respondent. Respondent from this research is

chairman and member of Muara Tanjung Farmer

Group of 27 people. Then analyzed descriptively

and by doing direct observation. It aims to know the

general description of managed business and

processed products in the research area, (2) Business

Feasibility Analysis Data obtained through

interviews and questionnaires to the processors are

then analyzed quantitatively through feasibility

calculations:

a. Analysis of business income This analysis

aims to determine the amount of profits derived

from the effort made this. According Asanti (2011)

is formulated as follows:I = TR -TC

Information:

I:Advantages

TR: Total Revenue

TC: Total Cost

Where to find Total Revenue and Total Cost:

TR = P × Q

TC = TFC + TVC

Information:

P: Price per unit of Product

Q: Total production

TFC: Total fixed cost

TVC: Total non-fixed costs

Criteria used:

- If total revenue> total cost, then the business is said

to be profitable.

- If total revenue = total cost, then business is not

profitable and no loss.

- If total revenue <total cost, business loss. b.

Analysis of Revenue Cost Ratio (R / C)

This analysis aims to test the extent to which the

results obtained from a particular business is quite

profitable. The extent to which each rupiah value of

the cost used in a particular business activity can

provide the value of revenue as a benefit.

According to Supartama (2013) the formula for

calculating the R / C value is as follows:

R / C = Total Receipts

Total Cost R / C> 1, then business profit R / C = 1,

then break even R / C <1, then the business loss

2.5 Payback Period

Payback Period is the time required for funds

embedded in an investment to be recovered entirely.

According to Sianturi (2012) formula Payback

Period (PP) is formulated as follows:

PP = Total Cost × 1 times production

Total income.

Break Even Point Analysis (BEP) Break Even

Point analysis is needed to find out the volume of

sales or production of a company and is a point

where the company does not get a profit and does

not suffer losses. BEP calculations by Wijayanti

(2012) can be done with the following formula: BEP

Production Vol = TFCP / unit - VC unit Or the

calculation of BEP on the basis of rupiah unit is

done by the following formula:

BEP = Total Cost Total Production

3. Add Value Analysis a. Value-added

ICNRSD 2018 - International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development

Value-added analysis of a product is needed to

determine whether the product provides added value

to the surrounding community even if it does not

provide a profit in its production. The determination

of the added value of a product can be calculated in

the following way: if the total output of each

production is A, and the amount of raw material

required for one production in kg is B. Then the

conversion factor is:

D = AB Calculation The output value is as

follows: J = D × F

Where:

A: The output value

D: Conversion factor

F: Price of output

The formula for calculating value added is

formulated as follows:

K = J - I – H Information:

K: Value added

A: The output value

I: Other input donations

H: Raw material price

b. Added Value Distribution

Distribution of the value of tam

Financial feasibility analysis is used in farming

to understand the feasibility and how much profit a

farmer gets. The amount of profit generated from a

business can be known from the difference between

the many receipts obtained by the amount of

production costs required. Therefore a business

needs a good plan in order to be able to generate

profits as big as possible. Here is a financial

feasibility analysis of mangrove processing business

in Sei Nagalawan Village, Serdang Bedagai District.

3 RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

3.1 Cost Production and Income

In this mangrove processing business there are some

costs incurred to perform production activities called

production costs. Production cost is divided into

two, namely fixed cost and variable cost. Fixed costs

are costs independent of the amount of production of

jeruju crackers, dodol sparks and pedal syrups such

as equipment depreciation, land rent, taxes and

equipment maintenance. While the variable cost is

the cost of which depends on the amount of

production of jeruju crackers, pedal syrup and dodol

flames such as the cost for starch, starch, coriander,

fine shrimp, salt, brown sugar, white sugar, garlic,

oil, and for gas as well as the required labor wages.

Total cost of production is derived from the sum

of fixed costs and variable costs required in a single

production. The calculation of each item and the cost

incurred for a one-time production of jeruju crackers

can be seen in Appendix 1. The components of fixed

costs consist of depreciation expenses, equipment

and building maintenance costs, land rent and taxes.

The variable cost component consists of the cost of

raw materials of jeruju leaves, coriander, garlic,

sugar, salt, fine shrimp, oil, starch, gas, labor and

packaging wages. The calculation of the profits

derived from a business is derived from the

difference in total receipts with total cost of

production per one time of production. Total

revenue can be known from the multiplication of the

number of products produced in one production at

the price of the product per pack. Cost detail of

processing of jeruju crackers is found in Table 1.

Table 1: Cost and Income of Jeruju Cracker Processing by

Muara Tanjung Farmer Group

Description Value Percenta

e(%)

Fixed cost (IDR) 54.134 10,7

Variabel Cost

(IDR) 450.400 89,3

Total cost (IDR) 504.534 100

Volume (pack) 100

Price (IDR/ pack) 8.000

Receive (IDR) 800.000

Income (IDR) 295.466

Based on the details of the cost in table 1 it can

be seen the amount of variable costs used is quite

large this is because the amount of costs incurred for

other raw materials is quite large. Net income

obtained from processing jeruju crackers is IDR.

295,466 in one production. The number of products

produced in one production is 100 packs with total

acceptance of IDR. 800,000. Can be seen total

revenue obtained greater than the total cost incurred

for production, on the basis of the business

processing jeruju crackers can be said to be feasible

and meet the criteria in generating profits.

Table 2: Cost and Revenue Processing of syrup Pedada

by Muara Tanjung Farmer Group

Description Value Percenta

e(%)

Fixed cost (IDR) 32.900 6,5

Variabel Cost (IDR) 472.000 93,5

Total cost (IDR) 504900 100

Volume (pack) 50

Price (IDR/ pack) 12.000

Receive (IDR) 600.000

Income (IDR) 95.100

Financial Analysis and Additional Value of Mangrove Plant Processing in Kampung Nipah, Sei Nagalawan Village, Serdang Bedagai

District, North Sumatra

Based on Table 3, it can be seen the proportion

of variable cost is also greater that is equal to IDR.

472,000, due to the cost required for larger

supporting materials as well as other factors such as

labor required. The total revenue obtained from

pedal syrup processing is IDR. 600,000 out of 50

packs of products produced per one production, so

the net income received is IDR. 95.100. It indicates

that the processing of syrup worthy and meet the

criteria of profit.

Table 3: Cost and Revenue of Dodol Avicenia Processing

by Muara Tanjung Farmer Group

Description Value Percenta

e(%)

Fixed cost (IDR) 47.634 18,04086

Variabel Cost

(IDR) 216.400 81,95914

Total cost (IDR) 264.034 100

Volume (pack) 33

Price (IDR/ pack) 10.000

Receive (IDR) 330.000

Income (IDR) 65.966

The processing of dodol Avicenia requires

variable costs such as glutinous rice flour, brown

sugar, white sugar, coconut milk, gas, and plastic

packaging. Therefore the variable cost required is

quite large. Production volume produced per one

time production is 33 packs with selling price IDR.

10.000, total revenue earned as much as IDR.

330,000. Net income earned is IDR. 65.966. It

shows the business of processing dodol fire-flame

feasible and meet the criteria of profit.

3.2 R/C Ratio Analysis

R / C Ratio Analysis is an analysis obtained from the

ratio of total revenue and total cost required for

production. This analysis aims to determine how

much profit a business gets from the amount of costs

incurred for its production. The value of R / C

processing of jeruju crackers can be seen in Table 4.

Table 4: The value of R / C processing of jeruju crackers

Description Total

Receive (IDR) 330.000

Total of Cost Production (IDR) 504.534

R/C 1.6

The result of comparison between total revenue

and total production cost of R / C results obtained by

1.6, the ratio obtained is greater than 1, it shows the

processing business of jeruju crackers produce profit

and has the potential to be developed. The ratio of

1.6 indicates that if the cost production issued is

IDR. 504,534.

Table 5: Total revenue and total production cost of R / C

syrup pedada

Descri

tion Total

Income (IDR) 600.000

Total of cost production (IDR) 504.900

R/C 1,2

Based on Table 4, it can be seen that the

comparison between total revenue and total

production cost of R / C results obtained is 1.2, the

ratio obtained is greater than 1, it indicates that the

processing of syrup of pedada produce profit and has

the potential to be developed. Ratio 1.2 indicates

that if the production cost incurred is IDR. 504,900

it will be gained 1.2 times of production costs

incurred.

Table 5: R / C Analysis of Dodol Avicenia Processing by

farmer group of Muara Tanjung

Description Total

Recieve (IDR) 330.000

Total of cost production (IDR) 264.034

R/C 1.2

Based on Table 5, we can see the result of

comparison between total revenue and total

production cost of R / C results obtained by 1.2, the

ratio obtained is greater than 1, it shows the business

of dodol Avicenia processing produce profit and has

the potential to be developed . Ratio 1.2 indicates

that if the production cost incurred is IDR. 264.034

it will be gained 1.2 times of production costs

incurred.

3.3 Payback Period Analysis

Payback Period analysis aims to find out the time

required for funds invested by investors back

entirely. The repayment period is obtained by

comparing the total cost of production with the

profit received multiplied by 1 time of production.

Table 6: Payback Period Analysis of Mangrove Processed

Products by Muara Tanjung Farmer Group

Kinds of product Payback Period (times)

Jeruju Crakers 2

Syrup Pedada 5

Dodol Avicenia 4

ICNRSD 2018 - International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development

Based on Table 6. it can be seen that the time

required for the return of processing capital of jeruju

crackers is 2 times the production. In the processing

of pedal syrup the time required for the return of

capital for 5 times the production and for the

processing of fire-spark dodol the time required for

payback for 4 times production. The time period of

return of capital of pedada syrup and dodol of fire

long enough because the cost required to produce

the product is big enough and production volume

produced in one production little compared to jeruju

crackers, the limitation of raw material also

influences because the raw material of Avicenia and

pedada seasonal production is also done seasonally.

This is in accordance with the statement

Moerdiyanto (2008) the most important variable that

affects the financial needs of the company is the

projection of sales volume. Sales forecasting usually

tends to be raised in the projection of financial

needs. Therefore, careful sales forecasting is the

basis for the projection of financial needs. For this

IDR it is necessary to establish the ratio between the

level of sales and the types of expenditures required.

It should also be taken into account seasonal sales

and sales fluctuations.

3.4 Break Even Point Analysis (BEP)

Break Even Point analysis or break even analysis

needs to be done for feasibility analysis of farming.

This analysis aims to determine a point where the

business is not experiencing a loss or gain.

Based on Table 7, it can be seen that the breaking

point of jeruju cracker processing occurs when the

production reaches 15 packs. The number indicates

the breakeven number is below the production

volume of 100 packs. While in terms of selling price

breakeven point on selling jeruju jeruk occurs at the

selling price of IDR. 5,045 per pack. Based on the

results of the analysis can be said that the business

processing jerukan crackers generate profits.

Table 7: Breakeven Point Break Analysis (BEP) Jeruju

Cracker Product by Muara Tanjung Farmer Group

Description Value

Fixed cost (IDR) 54.134

Variabel cost (IDR) 450.400

Total cost (IDR) 504.534

Volume (pack) 100

Price (IDR/pack) 8.000

Recieve (IDR) 800.000

Income (IDR) 295.466

BEP Volume of Production (pack) 15

BEP price (IDR/ pack) 5.045

Table 8: Breakeven Point Analysis (BEP) syrup Pedada

Product by Muara Tanjung Farmer Group

Description Value

Fixed cost

(

IDR

)

32.900

Variabel cost

(

IDR

)

472.000

Total cost

(

IDR

)

504.900

Volume (Botle) 50

Price (IDR/ botle) 12.000

Receive (IDR) 600.000

Income

(

IDR

)

95.100

BEP Volume Production

(

Botle

)

BEP Price

(

IDR/ botle

)

10.098

In Table 8, it can be seen that the break-even

point of pedal syrup processing occurs when the

production reaches 13 bottles. The number indicates

the breakeven number is below the production

volume of 50 bottles. While in terms of selling price

breakeven point on selling jeruju jeruk occurs at the

selling price of IDR. 10,098 per bottle the price is

still below the actual selling price of IDR. 12,000

per bottle. Based on the results of the analysis can be

said that the processing of syrup pedada produce

profits.

Table 9: Break-Even Point Analysis (BEP) Dodol

Avicenia Product by Muara Tanjung Farmers Group

Description Value

Fixed cost (IDR) 47.634

Variabel cost

(

IDR

)

216.400

Total cost (IDR) 264.034

Volume (pack) 33

Price

(

IDR/

ack

)

10.000

Recieve (IDR) 330.000

Income (IDR) 659.66

BEP Volume of Production

ack

)

BEP price (IDR/ pack) 8.001

Based on Table 9. it can be seen that the break-

even point of pedal syrup processing occurs when

the production reaches 14 bottles. The number

shows the number of breakeven point is below the

production volume of 33 bottles. While in terms of

selling price breakeven point on selling jeruju jeruk

occurs at the selling price of IDR. 8.001 per bottle

the price is still below the actual selling price of

IDR. 10,000 per bottle. Based on the results of the

analysis can be said that the processing of syrup

pedada produce profits.

Financial Analysis and Additional Value of Mangrove Plant Processing in Kampung Nipah, Sei Nagalawan Village, Serdang Bedagai

District, North Sumatra

3.6 Value Added Analysis

Value added analysis needs to be done in a farming

business because this analysis aims to determine the

success of a business in providing value or more

rewards to business actors such as statement Nur

(2013) usability to analyze added value to know the

value added occurs due to certain treatment given to

agricultural commodities, distribution of benefits

received by the owner and labor. The calculation of

cost and income of processed mangrove products

contained in appendix 5. Based on these data can be

seen on the processing of jeruju crackers if the

output price of IDR. 8000 and the conversion factor

is 10 then the output value is IDR. 80,000.

The value will then be deducted by the amount

of costs incurred for other supporting materials such

as starch, coriander, salt, sugar, garlic, fine shrimp,

and plastic packaging will be added value for Jeruju

cracker products of IDR. 52,871 for one production

requiring 1 kg of jeruju leaf so that the added value

for jeruju cracker product is IDR. 52.871 / kg. As for

pedal syrup products if the selling price of IDR.

12.000 and the conversion factor 10 then the output

value obtained is IDR. 120,000. The value is then

subtracted by the amount of expenses incurred for

other supporting materials such as white sugar, gas,

bottle, and label. After that the added value for syrup

pedada is IDR. 103,627 for one production that

requires 3 kg of fruit pedada so that the added value

of syrup pedada product is IDR. 20.725 / kg.

On the calculation of added value Dodol

Avicenia if the sale price of IDR. 10,000 and the

conversion factor 11 then the output value obtained

is IDR. 110,000. Value are then subtracted by the

amount of costs incurred for other supporting

materials such as white sugar, brown sugar, coconut

milk, gas, plastic packaging, and labels. After that,

the added value for dodol Avicenia is IDR. 93955

for one production that requires 5 kg of Avicenia so

that the added value of dodol avicenia products is

IDR. 31,318/kg. Based on the results of value-added

analysis can be seen each product generates

substantial added value to business actors. It also

shows that this mangrove processed product has

great potential to be developed. But the bottleneck is

the production of seasonal syrup and dodol Avicenia

that is seasonal so that the production is limited.

3.7 Added Value Distribution

Based on the calculation results can be obtained

value added for jeruju crackers is IDR. 52.871 / kg,

syrup pedada is IDR. 20.275 / kg, and for dodol

avicenia is IDR. 31.318 / kg. The calculation of

value-added distribution is influenced by the selling

price of the product, the purchase price of each raw

material, and the production and marketing cost of

each factor.

Table 10: Distribution Analysis of Added Value of

Mangrove Processed Products by Muara Tanjung Farmer

Group

Name

roduct

Margin

(

IDR/K

Labour

(

)

Profit level

(

)

Jeruju Crakcers 80.000 13,6 86

Syrup Pedada 120.000 23,1 76

Dodol Avicenia 110.000 25,5 74

Based on Table 10, the result of remuneration

given to the owner of production factor is IDR.

80.000 / kg for jeruju crackers, IDR. 120.000 / kg

for syrup pedada and IDR. 110.000 / kg for dodol

avicenia. Based on the calculation of the margin then

obtained the share of labor as much as IDR. 7,200 or

13.6% of the production value for jeruju cracker

products, as much as IDR. 24,000 or 23.1% of

production value for pedal syrup products and as

much as IDR. 24,000 or 25.5% of the production

value for the product of Dodol Avicenia.

Furthermore, for the rate of profit obtained by the

processor is equal to 86% of the value of Jeruju

cracker production, 76% of the production value of

pedal syrup and 74% of the production value of

Dodol Avicenia. This means that if will be produced

100 units of production value will be obtained

profits of 86, 76 and 74 units of products produced.

According to research results from Prayogo

(2015) about the financial analysis of the utilization

and processing of jeruju leaf (Acanthus ilicifolius)

into various processed products conducted in the

same research location obtained the results for the

distribution of added value in processing jeruju

crackers IDR. 12,500 or as much as 25% while for

tea jeruju IDR. 15,000 or 18 %% of production

value. For the profit rate for the processor is 74% of

the value of the production of jeruju crackers and

81% of the production value of jeruju tea, which

means that every 100 units of production value to be

produced will be gained by 74 and 81 units. Based

on these results can be seen the comparison on the

level of profit for jeruju directly in the location of

tourism Kampung Nipah so it becomes characteristic

for tourists who visit crackers that increased from

74% to 86% this indicates that the mangrove

processing business is experiencing one of the

factors that support these developments is because

the processed products are marketed the tourist sites.

ICNRSD 2018 - International Conference on Natural Resources and Sustainable Development

4 CONCLUSION

The conclusions of this study are: The product

processing is still done manually by the members of

Muara Tanjung Farmer Group. The resulting product

is the product of jeruju crackers, dodol Avicenia,

and syrup pedada. Jerawang cracker processing

business, pedal syrup and flame dodol produce profit

and financially feasible with R/C value of each

product is 1.6, 1.2 and 1.2. The added value

generated for jeruju cracker products is IDR. 52.871

/ kg, the added value of syrup pedada products is

IDR. 20.725 / kg and the added value for the dodol

avicenia product is IDR. 31,318/ kg.

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Financial Analysis and Additional Value of Mangrove Plant Processing in Kampung Nipah, Sei Nagalawan Village, Serdang Bedagai

District, North Sumatra